Tuoba - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Tuoba, or Tabgach
Tabgach
Tabgach was a Turkic title for the tribe called in Chinese Tuoba that headed a powerful Xianbei tribe. It is also the Turkic name for the Tang Dynasty in Tangri Bilge's Orkhon inscriptions...

, were a clan of Xianbei

Xianbei

The Xianbei were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia. The title “Khan” was first used among the Xianbei.-Origins:...

people of ancient China.

Xianbei Tuoba

Tuoba was a clan

Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, clan members may be organized around a founding member or apical ancestor. The kinship-based bonds may be symbolical, whereby the clan shares a "stipulated" common ancestor that is a...

of the Xianbei

Xianbei

The Xianbei were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia. The title “Khan” was first used among the Xianbei.-Origins:...

people in the early centuries of the 1st millennium AD. They established the State of Dai

State of Dai

Dai was a state of the Xianbei clan of Tuoba, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. It existed from 310 to 376 AD, with its capital at Shengle ....

from 310

310

Year 310 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Andronicus and Probus...

to 376

376

Year 376 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valens and Augustus...

AD, and the Northern Wei Dynasty from 386

386

Year 386 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Honorius and Euodius...

to 536

536

Year 536 was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year after the Consulship of Belisarius...

AD. Distribution of Xianbei people ranged from present day Manchuria

Manchuria

Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...

to Mongolia

Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...

, and the Tuoba clan was one of the largest clans among western Xianbei clans, ranging from present day Shanxi

Shanxi

' is a province in Northern China. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....

province and westward and northwestward. Tuoba clan was awarded by Chinese rulers as the leader of western Xianbei clans (西部大人) and its people adopted their clan name as their surname.

Tabgach

Tabgach

Tabgach was a Turkic title for the tribe called in Chinese Tuoba that headed a powerful Xianbei tribe. It is also the Turkic name for the Tang Dynasty in Tangri Bilge's Orkhon inscriptions...

is the name (as attested to in the Orhun inscriptions in the Göktürk language), and most likely meant "earth-origined" (as in toprak), or "round" (as in Topkapi
Topkapi
Topkapi or Topkapı can mean:* The Topkapı Palace in Istanbul, Turkey* Topkapı, a neighbourhood of Istanbul near the Roman city walls * Topkapi , a 1964 caper movie...

) in Turkish

Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...

. The Chinese surname Yuan

Yuan (surname)

Yuan is a Chinese surname ranked 37th in China by population. In Standard Chinese, the surname is transliterated "Yuán" or "Yüen2" . Regional variants include "Yeu" , "Ion" , "Yuen" , "Oan" , "Won" , and "Viên"...

was later adopted by the Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei , personal name né Tuoba Hong , later Yuan Hong , was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei....

to replace Tuoba, and approximates the meanings of "origin" or "round" in the Chinese language.

The Tuoba states of Dai and Northern Wei also claimed to possess the quality of earth

Earth (classical element)

Earth, home and origin of humanity, has often been worshipped in its own right with its own unique spiritual tradition.-European tradition:Earth is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and science. It was commonly associated with qualities of heaviness, matter and the...

in the Chinese five element analogy

Five elements (Chinese philosophy)

The Wu Xing, also known as the Five Phases, the Five Agents, the Five Movements, and the Five Steps/Stages, are chiefly an ancient mnemonic device, in many traditional Chinese fields....

Chieftains of Tuoba Clan 219-377 (as Princes of Dai 315-377)

Posthumous name Posthumous name A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life...	Full name Chinese name Personal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Most noticeably, a Chinese name is written with the family name first and the given name next, therefore "John-Paul Smith" as a Chinese name would be "Smith John-Paul"...	Period of Reign	Other
神元 Shényuán	拓拔力微 Tuòbá Lìwéi Tuoba Liwei Tuoba Liwei was the first leader of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei people, from 219-277. He was the ancestor of the future Northern Wei Dynasty and was thus posthumously honored as Emperor Shenyuan, with the temple name Shizu...	219 219 Year 219 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Antonius and Sacerdos... -277 277 Year 277 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Probus and Paulinus...	Temple Name Temple name Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive... : 始祖 Shízǔ
章 Zhāng	拓拔悉鹿 Tuòbá Xīlù Tuoba Xilu Tuoba Xilu 拓跋悉鹿 Tuòbá Xīlù , chieftain of the Tuoba His father was the Tuoba chieftain Tuoba Liwei, and he was the brother of Tuoba Shamohan, Tuoba Chuo, and Tuoba Luguan. In 286, he was succeeded by his younger Tuoba Chuo as chieftain of the Tuoba....	277 277 Year 277 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Probus and Paulinus... -286 286 Year 286 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Maximus and Aquilinus...
平 Píng	拓拔綽 Tuòbá Chuò Tuoba Chuo Tuoba Chuo , chieftain of the Tuoba 286–293. He was the son of Tuoba Liwei, brother of Tuoba Shamohan, Tuoba Xilu, Tuoba Luguan. In 286 he succeeded his brother Tuoba Xilu as chieftain of the Tuoba. 293 , Yuwen chieftain Yuwen Mohuai is killed by his younger brother Yuwen Pubo, who usurps the...	286 286 Year 286 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Maximus and Aquilinus... -293 293 Year 293 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valerius and Valerius...
思 Sī	拓拔弗 Tuòbá Fú Tuoba Fu Tuoba Fu , chieftain of the Tuoba .He was the son of Tuoba Shamohan and the brother of Tuoba Yituo and Tuoba Yilu. In 293, he succeeded Tuoba Chuo as the chieftain of the Tuoba. His predecessor was his father's younger brother...	293 293 Year 293 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valerius and Valerius... -294 294 Year 294 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius...
昭 Zhāo	拓拔祿官 Tuòbá Lùguān Tuoba Luguan Tuoba Luguan , chieftain of the Tuoba, from 294 to 307.He is son of Tuoba Liwei, the brother of Tuoba Shamohan, Tuoba Xilu, Tuoba Chuo...	294 294 Year 294 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius... -307 307 Year 307 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valerius and Constantius...
桓 Huán	拓拔猗㐌 Tuòbá Yītuō	295 295 Year 295 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tuscus and Anullinus... -305 305 Year 305 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius...
穆 Mù	拓拔猗盧 Tuòbá Yīlú Tuoba Yilu Tuoba Yilu was the chieftain of the western Tuoba territory from 295 to 307, supreme chieftain of the Tuoba from 307 to 316, Duke of Dai from 310 to 315, first prince of the Tuoba Dai from 315 to 316...	295 295 Year 295 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tuscus and Anullinus... -316 316 Year 316 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Rufinus...
None	拓拔普根 Tuòbá Pǔgēn Tuoba Pugen Tuoba Pugen was the chieftain of the central Tuoba territory from 305 to 316, and in 316 ruled as prince of the Tuoba Dai as the supreme chieftain of the Tuoba clan.He was the son of Tuoba Yituo, and the brother of Tuoba Heru and Tuoba Gena....	316 316 Year 316 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Rufinus...
None	拓拔 Tuòbá	316 316 Year 316 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Rufinus...
平文 Píngwén	拓跋鬱律 Tuòbá Yùlǜ Tuoba Yulü Tuoba Yulü ruled as prince of the Tuoba Dai 316 to 321.He was the son of Tuoba Fu, and the father of Tuoba Yihuai and Tuoba Shiyijian. In 310, Tuoba Yulü was ordered by Tuoba Yilu to assist Liu Kun , the Governor of Bingzhou , to fight the Xiongnu Tiefu chieftain Liu Hu...	316 316 Year 316 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Rufinus... -321 321 Year 321 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Constantinus...
惠 Huì	拓拔賀傉 Tuòbá Hèrǔ Tuoba Heru Tuoba Heru ruled as prince of the Tuoba Dai 321 to 325. He was the son of Tuoba Yituo, and the brother of Tuoba Pugen and Tuoba Gena. In 321, when his cousin Tuoba Yulü was the Prince of Dai, Tuoba Heru launched a coup d'état against his cousin, killing Tuoba Yulü and becoming the Prince of Dai...	321 321 Year 321 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Crispus and Constantinus... -325 325 Year 325 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Proculus and Paulinus...
煬 Yáng	拓拔紇那 Tuòbá Hénǎ	325 325 Year 325 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Proculus and Paulinus... -329 329 Year 329 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constatntinus and Constantinus... and 335 335 Year 335 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Albinus... -337 337 Year 337 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Felicianus and Titianus...
烈 Liè	拓拔翳槐 Tuòbá Yìhuaí Tuoba Yihuai Tuoba Yihuai ruled as prince of the Tuoba Dai 329–335 and 337–338. He was the son of Tuoba Yulü and the nephew of Tuoba Gena.When Tuoba Gena was in his first reign as the Prince of Dai, Tuoba Yihuai lived with his maternal uncle's father Helan Aitou of the Helan tribe.-References:...	329 329 Year 329 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constatntinus and Constantinus... -335 335 Year 335 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Albinus... and 337 337 Year 337 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Felicianus and Titianus... -338 338 Year 338 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ursus and Polemius...
昭成 Zhaōchéng	拓拔什翼健 Tuòbá Shíyìjiàn Tuoba Shiyijian Tuoba Shiyijian was the last prince of the Tuoba Dai and ruled from 338 to 376 when Dai was conquered by the Former Qin. He was the son of Tuoba Yulü and the younger brother of Tuoba Yihuai , whom he succeeded in 338. In 340 he moved the capital to Shengle...	338 338 Year 338 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ursus and Polemius... -377 377 Year 377 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Merobaudes...	Era name: 建國 Jiànguó

Tangut Tuoba

Tuoba is also the ruling clan of Western Xia

Western Xia

The Western Xia Dynasty or the Tangut Empire, was known to the Tanguts and the Tibetans as Minyak.The state existed from 1038 to 1227 AD in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Ningxia, Gansu, eastern Qinghai, northern Shaanxi, northeastern Xinjiang, southwest Inner Mongolia, and...

Kingdom, but the king adopted the Chinese-style name Li. Tuoba Sigong, or Li Sigong is an ancestor of Li Yuanhao, the first king of Western Xia

Western Xia

Kingdom.
The Tuoba Family was the ruling family of Northern Wei Dynasty, founded by Tuoba Gui, then Emperor Daowu

Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei

Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei , personal name Tuoba Gui , né Tuoba Shegui , was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. He was the grandson of the last prince of Dai, Tuoba Shiyijian, and after the fall of the Dai state to Former Qin in 376 had been presumed to be the...

. Hence the rulers of Northern Wei Dynasty will start with him, not as a continuation of this table.

Upon the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei , personal name né Tuoba Hong , later Yuan Hong , was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei....

, the Tuoba clan started the Sinicisation process by changing their clan name to the Han Chinese

Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...

surname

Chinese surname

Chinese family names have been historically used by Han Chinese and Sinicized Chinese ethnic groups in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and among overseas Chinese communities. In ancient times two types of surnames, family names and clan names , existed.The colloquial expressions laobaixing...

Yuan

Yuan (surname)

(元).

Xianbei Tuoba

Chieftains of Tuoba Clan 219-377 (as Princes of Dai 315-377)

Tangut Tuoba

See also