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Tristán de Luna y Arellano

 

 
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Tristán de Luna y Arellano
 
 
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Tristán de Luna y Arellano (1519 – 1571) was a Spanish
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
 conquistador
Conquistador

Conquistador is the name given to the Spaniards soldiers, leaders, List of explorers, and adventurers involved in the conquest of the Americas following the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492....
 of the 16th century. Born in Borobia
Borobia

Borobia is a municipality located in the Soria , Castile and Le?n, Spain. According to the 2004 census , the municipality has a population of 347 inhabitants. It was the birthplace of conquistador Trist?n de Luna y Arellano....
, Aragon
Aragon

Aragon is an autonomous communities of Spain of Spain. Located in northeastern Spain, the region comprises three provinces of Spain from north to south: Huesca , Zaragoza , and Teruel ....
, he came to New Spain
New Spain

The Viceroyalty of New Spain , was the political unit of Spain territories in North America and Asia-Pacific. The territory included the present-day Southwestern United States, Central America, the Caribbean, and the Philippines....
 in about 1530, and was sent on an expedition to conquer Florida
Florida

Florida is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast....
 in 1559. In August of that year, he established an ephemeral colony at modern-day Pensacola
Pensacola, Florida

Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle and the county seat of Escambia County, Florida. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 56,255 and as of 2006, the estimated population was 53,248....
, that became the first Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
an settlement within the continental boundaries of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
.

During his years in Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
, de Luna had served with Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

Francisco V?zquez de Coronado y Luj?n was a Spain conquistador, who visited New Mexico and other parts of what are now the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542....
 on his expedition to the Seven Cities of Cíbola
Quivira and Cíbola

Quivira and C?bola are two of the Seven Cities of Gold existing only in a myth that originated around the year 1150 when the Moors conquered M?rida, Spain....
 and crushed an Indian
Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples....
 rebellion in Oaxaca
Oaxaca, Oaxaca

The city of Oaxaca is the capital and largest city of the Mexico Oaxaca .It is located in the Valley of Oaxaca in the Sierra Madre del Sur Mountains, at near the geographic center of the state, and at an altitude of about 1550 m ....
.






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Tristán de Luna y Arellano (1519 – 1571) was a Spanish
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
 conquistador
Conquistador

Conquistador is the name given to the Spaniards soldiers, leaders, List of explorers, and adventurers involved in the conquest of the Americas following the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492....
 of the 16th century. Born in Borobia
Borobia

Borobia is a municipality located in the Soria , Castile and Le?n, Spain. According to the 2004 census , the municipality has a population of 347 inhabitants. It was the birthplace of conquistador Trist?n de Luna y Arellano....
, Aragon
Aragon

Aragon is an autonomous communities of Spain of Spain. Located in northeastern Spain, the region comprises three provinces of Spain from north to south: Huesca , Zaragoza , and Teruel ....
, he came to New Spain
New Spain

The Viceroyalty of New Spain , was the political unit of Spain territories in North America and Asia-Pacific. The territory included the present-day Southwestern United States, Central America, the Caribbean, and the Philippines....
 in about 1530, and was sent on an expedition to conquer Florida
Florida

Florida is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast....
 in 1559. In August of that year, he established an ephemeral colony at modern-day Pensacola
Pensacola, Florida

Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle and the county seat of Escambia County, Florida. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 56,255 and as of 2006, the estimated population was 53,248....
, that became the first Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
an settlement within the continental boundaries of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
.

During his years in Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
, de Luna had served with Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

Francisco V?zquez de Coronado y Luj?n was a Spain conquistador, who visited New Mexico and other parts of what are now the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542....
 on his expedition to the Seven Cities of Cíbola
Quivira and Cíbola

Quivira and C?bola are two of the Seven Cities of Gold existing only in a myth that originated around the year 1150 when the Moors conquered M?rida, Spain....
 and crushed an Indian
Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas, their descendants, and many ethnic groups who identify with those peoples....
 rebellion in Oaxaca
Oaxaca, Oaxaca

The city of Oaxaca is the capital and largest city of the Mexico Oaxaca .It is located in the Valley of Oaxaca in the Sierra Madre del Sur Mountains, at near the geographic center of the state, and at an altitude of about 1550 m ....
. De Luna was chosen by Luis de Velasco
Luis de Velasco

Luis de Velasco was the second viceroy of New Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the mid-sixteenth century.Velasco was born in the town of Carri?n de los Condes, in the province of Palencia, in 1511....
, Viceroy
List of Viceroys of New Spain

Viceroys of New SpainIn addition to viceroys, the following list includes the highest Spanish governors of the colony of New Spain, before the appointment of the first viceroy or when the office of viceroy was vacant....
 of New Spain (Mexico), to establish a settlement on the Gulf Coast
Gulf Coast of the United States

The Gulf Coast region of the United States comprises the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. The states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida are known as the Gulf States....
 of what is now the United States, and clear an overland trade route to Santa Elena (on Tybee Island, Georgia
Tybee Island, Georgia

Tybee Island is an island and city in Chatham County, Georgia, Georgia near the city of Savannah, Georgia in the southeastern United States. It is the easternmost point in the state of Georgia....
), where another outpost would be founded. A site named "Filipina Bay" had been recommended from the September 1558 voyage of Guido de las Bazares. De Luna was given thirteen ships and more than 1,500 soldiers and settlers, under six captains of cavalry and six of infantry. De Luna, however, proved an incompetent leader, and the expedition was plagued by disaster.

The party anchored in Pensacola Bay
Pensacola Bay

Pensacola Bay is a bay located in the northwestern part of Florida, USA, known as the Florida Panhandle.The bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, is located in Escambia County, Florida and Santa Rosa County, Florida, adjacent to the city of Pensacola, Florida, and is about 13 miles long and 2.5 miles wide....
 (which they called "Ochuse") and set up the encampment of Puerto de Santa Maria during the summer of 1559, at the site of the modern Naval Air Station Pensacola
Naval Air Station Pensacola

Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola , "The Cradle of Naval Aviation", is a United States Navy base located in Warrington, Florida, Florida, a community southwest of the Pensacola, Florida city limits....
. De Luna dispatched the factor Luis Daza with a galleon
Galleon

A galleon was a large, multi-decked sailing ship used primarily by the nations of Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. Whether used for war or commerce, they were generally armed with demi-culverin....
 back to Vera Cruz
Veracruz, Veracruz

The city of Veracruz is a major port city and municipalities of Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexico States of Mexico of Veracruz. The metropolitan areas of Mexico is Mexico's largest on the Gulf coast and an important east coast port....
 to announce his safe arrival. He fitted two other vessels to sail to Spain, awaiting the return of two exploring parties. With much of the colony's stores still on the ships, de Luna sent several exploring parties inland to scout the area; they returned after three weeks having found only one Indian town. Before they could unload the vessels, on the night of September 19, 1559, a hurricane (with storm surge
Storm surge

Storm surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure area weather system, typically a tropical cyclone. Storm surge is caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean's surface....
) swept through and destroyed most of the ships and cargo: five ships, a galleon and a bark, pushing one caravel and its cargo into a grove inland. With the colony in serious danger, most of the men traveled up the Alabama River
Alabama River

The Alabama River, in the United States state of Alabama, is formed by the Tallapoosa River and Coosa River rivers, which unite about six miles above Montgomery, Alabama....
 to the village of Nanipacana (Nanipacna or Ninicapua), which they had found abandoned; they renamed the town "Santa Cruz" and moved in for several months. Back in Mexico, the Viceroy sent two relief ships in November, promising additional aid in the spring.

The relief got the colony through the winter, but the supplies expected in the spring had not arrived by September. De Luna ordered the remainder of his force to march to the large native town of Coca, but the men mutinied. Bloodshed was averted by the settlement's missionaries, but soon after, Ángel de Villafañe
Ángel de Villafañe

?ngel de Villafa?e , the Spain conquistador of Florida, Mexico, and Guatemala,was an explorer, expedition leader, and ship captain , who worked with many 16th-century settlements and shipwrecks along the Gulf of Mexico....
 arrived in Pensacola Bay and offered to take all who wished to leave on an expedition to Cuba
Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
 and Santa Elena. De Luna relented and agreed to leave, eventually moving back to Mexico, where he died in 1571. The Pensacola colony was inhabited for several more months by Captain Biedma and a detachment of fifty men who Villafañe had left there, in case further orders arrived from Viceroy Velasco; when they sailed away, the area was not populated again by Europeans until 1698, when the Spanish founded the city of Pensacola.