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Tribunal in the general sense is any person or institution
Institution

Institutions are social structure and social mechanism of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior....
 with the authority
Authority

In government, authority is often used interchangeably with the term "power ". However, their meanings differ: while "power" refers to the ability to achieve certain ends, "authority" refers to a claim of legitimacy , the justification and right to exercise that power....
 to judge
Judge

A judge, or arbiter of justice, is a lead official who presides over a court of law,which is operated by the local, state, and/or federal government....
, adjudicate
Adjudication

Adjudication is the law process by which an arbitration or judge reviews evidence and Logical argument including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants to come to a decision which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved....
 on, or determine claims or disputes - whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. For example, an advocate
Advocate

An advocate is one who speaks on behalf of another person, especially in a legal context. It is used primarily in reference to the system of Scots law, Anglo-Dutch law, Scandinavian law and Law of Israel....
 appearing before a Court
Court

A court is a body, often a government institution, with the authority to adjudication legal disputes and dispense private law, criminal justice, or administrative law justice in accordance with rules of law....
 on which a single Judge
Judge

A judge, or arbiter of justice, is a lead official who presides over a court of law,which is operated by the local, state, and/or federal government....
 was sitting could describe that judge as 'their tribunal'. Many governmental bodies that are titled 'tribunals' are so described to emphasize the fact that they are not courts of normal jurisdiction
Jurisdiction

In law, jurisdiction is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility....
.






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Tribunal in the general sense is any person or institution
Institution

Institutions are social structure and social mechanism of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior....
 with the authority
Authority

In government, authority is often used interchangeably with the term "power ". However, their meanings differ: while "power" refers to the ability to achieve certain ends, "authority" refers to a claim of legitimacy , the justification and right to exercise that power....
 to judge
Judge

A judge, or arbiter of justice, is a lead official who presides over a court of law,which is operated by the local, state, and/or federal government....
, adjudicate
Adjudication

Adjudication is the law process by which an arbitration or judge reviews evidence and Logical argument including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants to come to a decision which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved....
 on, or determine claims or disputes - whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. For example, an advocate
Advocate

An advocate is one who speaks on behalf of another person, especially in a legal context. It is used primarily in reference to the system of Scots law, Anglo-Dutch law, Scandinavian law and Law of Israel....
 appearing before a Court
Court

A court is a body, often a government institution, with the authority to adjudication legal disputes and dispense private law, criminal justice, or administrative law justice in accordance with rules of law....
 on which a single Judge
Judge

A judge, or arbiter of justice, is a lead official who presides over a court of law,which is operated by the local, state, and/or federal government....
 was sitting could describe that judge as 'their tribunal'. Many governmental bodies that are titled 'tribunals' are so described to emphasize the fact that they are not courts of normal jurisdiction
Jurisdiction

In law, jurisdiction is the practical authority granted to a formally constituted legal body or to a political leader to deal with and make pronouncements on legal matters and, by implication, to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility....
. For example the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda , or the Tribunal p?nal international pour le Rwanda , is an international court established in November 1994 by the United Nations Security Council in order to judge those people responsible for the Rwandan genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the te...
 is a body specially constituted under international law
International law

Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of states and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement....
; in Great Britain
Great Britain

Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the List of islands by area, and the largest in Europe. With a population of 58.9 million people it is List of islands by population....
, Employment Tribunal
Employment tribunal

Employment Tribunals are tribunal non-departmental public bodies in England and Wales and Scotland which have statute jurisdiction to hear many kinds of disputes between employers and employees....
s are bodies set up to hear specific employment disputes. Private judicial bodies are also often styled 'tribunals'. The word 'tribunal' is not conclusive of a body's function. For example, in Great Britain
Great Britain

Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the List of islands by area, and the largest in Europe. With a population of 58.9 million people it is List of islands by population....
, the Employment Appeal Tribunal
Employment Appeal Tribunal

The Employment Appeal Tribunal is a tribunal non-departmental public body in England and Wales and Scotland, and is a superior court of record. Its primary role is to hear appeals from Employment Tribunals in England, Scotland and Wales....
 is a superior court of record.

Tribunals in Republic of Ireland

In the Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland

Ireland is an Island country in north-western Europe. The modern Sovereignty state occupies about five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned by the British on 3 May 1921....
, the word tribunal is popularly used to refer to a public inquiry
Public inquiry

A Public inquiry is an official review of events or actions ordered by a government. A public inquiry differs from a Royal Commission in that a public inquiry accepts evidence and conducts its hearings in a more public forum and focuses on a more specific occurrence....
 established under the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921. The main difference between a Parliamentary Inquiry (non statutory) and a Tribunal of Inquiry in Ireland is that non-statutory inquiries are not vested with the powers, privileges and rights of the High Court; Tribunals of Inquiry are. Tribunals are established by resolution of the Houses of the Oireachtas to enquire into matters of urgent public importance. It is not a function of Tribunals to administer justice, their work is solely inquisitorial. Tribunals are obliged to report their findings to the Oireachtas
Oireachtas

The Oireachtas is the "national parliament" or legislature of Republic of Ireland, sometimes referred to as Oireachtas ?ireann.The Oireachtas consists of:...
. They have the power to enforce the attendance and examination of witnesses and the production of documents relevant to the work in hand. Tribunals can consist of one or more people. A layperson, or non lawyer, may be the Sole member of a Tribunal.

Tribunals in the United Kingdom

The tribunal system of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
 is part the national system of administrative justice. Though it has grown up on an ad hoc basis since the beginning of the twentieth century, from 2007 reforms were put in place to build a unified system with recognised judicial authority, routes of appeal
Appeal

In law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to an official decision.The specific procedures for appealing, including even whether there is a right of appeal from a particular type of decision, can vary greatly from country to country....
 and regulatory supervision.

Tribunals in the Roman Catholic Church

In the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
, a tribunal usually refers to literally one of three instances of ecclesiastical courts: (1) a diocesan tribunal (2) a provincial tribunal, that is, of more than one diocese
Diocese

In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglicanism, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a bishop. It is also referred to as a bishopric or Episcopal Area or episcopal see, though strictly the term episcopal see refers to the domain of ecclesiastical authority officially held by the bi...
 and commonly referred to as an appellate court
Appellate court

An appellate court is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case; at least one intermediate appell...
 (3) the Sacra Rota Romana, or Sacred Roman Rota, the highest court of appeals.

See also

  • State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia
    State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia

    The State Administrative Tribunal of Western Australia has a vision to be one of Australia and New Zealand?s leading tribunals that adopts best practice, innovative technology and low costs for parties in making fair and timely decisions for the benefit of the people of Western Australia....
  • Public Inquiry
    Public inquiry

    A Public inquiry is an official review of events or actions ordered by a government. A public inquiry differs from a Royal Commission in that a public inquiry accepts evidence and conducts its hearings in a more public forum and focuses on a more specific occurrence....
  • Revolutionary Tribunal
    Revolutionary Tribunal

    The Revolutionary Tribunal was a court which was instituted in Paris by the National Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders, and became one of the most powerful engines of Reign of Terror....
  • Revolutionary tribunal (Russia)
    Revolutionary tribunal (Russia)

    Revolutionary tribunals in Soviet Russia were established soon after the October Revolution by the Soviet "Decree of the Soviet of Peoples' Commissars on the Court No....
  • Tribunal for Local Governments in Kerala
    Tribunal for Local Governments in Kerala

    Kerala state has made many exciting initiatives in the process of decentralization of powers. Creation of a Tribunal for adjudication of conflicts between local governments and the citizens is an initiative of that sort....
  • Waitangi Tribunal
    Waitangi Tribunal

    The Waitangi Tribunal is a New Zealand permanent commission of inquiry established by an Act of Parliament in 1975. It is charged with investigating and making recommendations on claims brought by Maori relating to actions or omissions of the Crown, in the period since 1840, that breach the promises made in the Treaty of Waitangi....
  • Nuremberg Trials
    Nuremberg Trials

    The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials, or tribunals, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after its defeat in World War II....
  • International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
    International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

    The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, more commonly referred to as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia or ICTY, is a body of the United Nations establis...
  • Iraqi Special Tribunal
  • Tribune
    Tribune

    Tribune was a title shared by 10 elected officials in the Roman Republic. Tribunes had the power to convene the Plebeian Council and to act as its president, which also gave them the exclusive right to propose legislation before it....
  • Lindsay Tribunal
    Lindsay Tribunal

    The Lindsay Tribunal was set up in Ireland in 1999 to investigate the infection of haemophiliacs with HIV and Hepatitis C from contaminated blood products supplied by the Blood Transfusion Service Board....