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The Treaty of Wehlau (; ) was a treaty
Treaty

A Treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. A Treaty may also be known as: agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, exchange of letters, etc....
 signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau (Welawa, now Znamensk
Znamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast

Znamensk is a types of settlements in Russia in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located on the right bank of the Pregolya River at its confluence with the Lyna some 50 km east of Kaliningrad....
) between Poland and Brandenburg-Prussia
Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia was a Germany monarchy established by the personal union between the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1618....
 during the Swedish Deluge
The Deluge (Polish history)

In the history of Poland and History of Lithuania, the Deluge commonly refers to a series of wars in the mid-to-late 17th century which left the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in ruins....
 on September 19, 1657.

In his capacity as Duke of Prussia, Margrave
Margrave

Margrave is the English language and French language form of the German language title Markgraf and certain equivalent nobiliary titles in other languages....
 Frederick William
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick William was the Prince-elector of Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duke of Duchy of Prussia from 1640 until his death. He was of the House of Hohenzollern and is popularly known as the Great Elector because of his military and political skill....
, the "Great Prince-elector
Prince-elector

The Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of Imperial election the Holy Roman Emperors....
" of Brandenburg
Brandenburg

Brandenburg is one of the sixteen states of Germany of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany....
, had revoked his oath of loyalty to his sovereign King John II Casimir of Poland in 1656 and allied against him with King Charles X Gustav of Sweden
Swedish Empire

Sweden was, between 1611 and 1718, one of the great powers of Europe. In modern historiography this period is known as the Swedish Empire, or stormaktstiden ....
, whom Frederick William recognized as sovereign over Prussia.






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The Treaty of Wehlau (; ) was a treaty
Treaty

A Treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. A Treaty may also be known as: agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, exchange of letters, etc....
 signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau (Welawa, now Znamensk
Znamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast

Znamensk is a types of settlements in Russia in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located on the right bank of the Pregolya River at its confluence with the Lyna some 50 km east of Kaliningrad....
) between Poland and Brandenburg-Prussia
Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia was a Germany monarchy established by the personal union between the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1618....
 during the Swedish Deluge
The Deluge (Polish history)

In the history of Poland and History of Lithuania, the Deluge commonly refers to a series of wars in the mid-to-late 17th century which left the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in ruins....
 on September 19, 1657.

In his capacity as Duke of Prussia, Margrave
Margrave

Margrave is the English language and French language form of the German language title Markgraf and certain equivalent nobiliary titles in other languages....
 Frederick William
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick William was the Prince-elector of Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duke of Duchy of Prussia from 1640 until his death. He was of the House of Hohenzollern and is popularly known as the Great Elector because of his military and political skill....
, the "Great Prince-elector
Prince-elector

The Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of Imperial election the Holy Roman Emperors....
" of Brandenburg
Brandenburg

Brandenburg is one of the sixteen states of Germany of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany....
, had revoked his oath of loyalty to his sovereign King John II Casimir of Poland in 1656 and allied against him with King Charles X Gustav of Sweden
Swedish Empire

Sweden was, between 1611 and 1718, one of the great powers of Europe. In modern historiography this period is known as the Swedish Empire, or stormaktstiden ....
, whom Frederick William recognized as sovereign over Prussia. In the Treaty of Labiau
Treaty of Labiau

The Treaty of Labiau was a treaty signed between Prince-elector Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg of Brandenburg and monarch Charles X Gustav of Sweden of Sweden on November 20, 1656 in Polessk, the Duchy of Prussia....
 later that year Charles granted the margrave sovereignty over Prussia and Warmia
Warmia

Warmia or Ermland is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in northeastern Poland. Together with Masuria, it forms the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship....
. After his defeat in the Battle of Warsaw
Battle of Warsaw (1656)

The Battle of Warsaw was a battle which took place near Warsaw on July 18 1656 – July 20 1656, between the armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on the one hand and of Swedish Empire and Margraviate of Brandenburg on the other....
 in 1656, John Casimir met with Frederick William at Wehlau. In return for the margrave's renunciation of the Brandenburg-Sweden alliance, the Polish king recognized Frederick William's full sovereignty over the Duchy of Prussia, which was since the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) a Polish and also briefly a Swedish fief. In case Brandenburg-Prussia's Hohenzollern dynasty died out, Duchy of Prussia was to return to the crown of Poland.

Johann von Hoverbeck
Johann von Hoverbeck

Johann von Hoverbeck was an envoy of Brandenburg-Prussia in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1631 to 1682. He was an architect and co-signer of the Treaty of Wehlau in 1657, as well as an advisor to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg....
 was one of the Brandenburg-Prussian diplomats during the negotiations of this treaty. The treaty was amended by the Treaty of Bromberg
Treaty of Bydgoszcz

The Treaty of Bromberg or Treaty of Bydgoszcz was a political act signed by King John II Casimir of Poland of History of Poland and Prince-elector Frederick William I of Brandenburg of Brandenburg-Prussia in the city of Bromberg on November 6, 1657....
 (Bydgoszcz) of 6 November 1657 and confirmed by the Treaty of Oliva
Treaty of Oliva

The Treaty of Oliva, was a peace treaty ending the Deluge . The treaty was signed in Oliwa near Danzig in Royal Prussia on April 23 1660. The signatories were Holy Roman Empire Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, prince-elector Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg of Brandenburg-Prussia, King Charles X of Sweden of Swedish Empire, and K...
 in 1660.

The treaty was to be reconfirmed every time a new ruler of either Prussia or Poland succeeded (though this did not always happen immediately). This happened on the following occasions:

  • 1672: Accession of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki
    Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki

    Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki , son of Jarema Wisniowiecki and his wife Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska, was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from September 29, 1669, to his death in 1673....
     as King of Poland 1669.
  • 1677: Accession of John III Sobieski
    John III Sobieski

    John III Sobieski was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from 1674 until his death King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania....
     as King of Poland 1674.
  • 1688: Accession of Frederick I of Prussia
    Frederick I of Prussia

    Frederick I , of the House of Hohenzollern dynasty, was Prince-elector of Brandenburg and the first King in Prussia ....
     as Duke of Prussia 1688.
  • 1698: Accession of Augustus II the Strong as King of Poland 1697.


Because Hohenzollern sovereignty in Prussia lay outside of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
, Elector Frederick III
Frederick I of Prussia

Frederick I , of the House of Hohenzollern dynasty, was Prince-elector of Brandenburg and the first King in Prussia ....
 was able to elevate the Duchy of Prussia to the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
 in 1701, at which point the treaty was considered nullified and was no longer renewed.

See also

  • List of treaties
    List of treaties

    This list of treaties contains historic agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups....
  • Treaty of Bydgoszcz
    Treaty of Bydgoszcz

    The Treaty of Bromberg or Treaty of Bydgoszcz was a political act signed by King John II Casimir of Poland of History of Poland and Prince-elector Frederick William I of Brandenburg of Brandenburg-Prussia in the city of Bromberg on November 6, 1657....
  • Treaty of Oliva
    Treaty of Oliva

    The Treaty of Oliva, was a peace treaty ending the Deluge . The treaty was signed in Oliwa near Danzig in Royal Prussia on April 23 1660. The signatories were Holy Roman Empire Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, prince-elector Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg of Brandenburg-Prussia, King Charles X of Sweden of Swedish Empire, and K...