Treaty of Oliva

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Treaty of Oliva

The Treaty of Oliva, (or Peace of Oliva; , , ) was a peace treaty

Peace treaty

A peace treaty is an agreement between two hostile parties, usually countries or governments, that formally ends an armed conflict. It is different from an armistice, which is an agreement to cease hostilities, or a surrender , in which an army agrees to give up arms....
ending the "Deluge" (Swedish invasion of Poland-Lithuania). The treaty was signed in Oliwa

Oliwa

Oliwa, also Oliva is one of the quarters of Gdansk. From east it borders Przymorze and Zabianka, from the north Sopot and from the south with the districts of Strzyza, VII Dw?r and Bretowo, while from the west with Matarnia and Osowa....
near Danzig (Gdansk

Gdansk

Gdansk is the city at the centre of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Poland. It is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship....
) in Royal Prussia

Royal Prussia

Royal Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Poland from 1466 and then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1772. Royal Prussia included Pomerelia, Chelmno Land, Malbork Voivodeship, Gdansk, Torun, and Elblag....
on April 23 1660. The signatories were Emperor

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
Leopold I

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Habsburg , Holy Roman emperor, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, was the second son of the emperor Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor and his first wife Maria Anna of Spain....
, Elector

Prince-elector

The Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of Imperial election the Holy Roman Emperors....
Frederick William

Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick William was the Prince-elector of Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duke of Duchy of Prussia from 1640 until his death. He was of the House of Hohenzollern and is popularly known as the Great Elector because of his military and political skill....
of Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia was a Germany monarchy established by the personal union between the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1618....
, King Charles X of Sweden

Swedish Empire

Sweden was, between 1611 and 1718, one of the great powers of Europe. In modern historiography this period is known as the Swedish Empire, or stormaktstiden ....
, and King John II Casimir

John II Casimir of Poland

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The Treaty of Oliva, (or Peace of Oliva; , , ) was a peace treaty

Peace treaty

Oliwa

Gdansk

Gdansk is the city at the centre of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Poland. It is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship....
) in Royal Prussia

Royal Prussia

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
Leopold I

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

Prince-elector

Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg

Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia was a Germany monarchy established by the personal union between the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1618....
, King Charles X of Sweden

Swedish Empire

Sweden was, between 1611 and 1718, one of the great powers of Europe. In modern historiography this period is known as the Swedish Empire, or stormaktstiden ....
, and King John II Casimir

John II Casimir of Poland

File:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1648.PNGJohn II Casimir was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Duke of Opole in Upper Silesia, titular King of Sweden 1648-1660....
of Poland. The commemoration plaque stated PACIS OLIVIENSIS AD GEDANUM IN PRVSSIA.

In the treaty John II Casimir renounced his claims to the Swedish crown, which his father Sigismund III Vasa

Sigismund III Vasa

Sigismund III Vasa was Grand Duke of Lithuania and List of Polish monarchs, a monarch of joined Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and Monarch of Sweden from 1592 until he was deposed in 1599....
had lost in 1599. Poland also formally ceded to Sweden Livonia and the city of Riga

Riga

Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....
, which had been under Swedish control since the 1620s. The treaty settled conflicts between Sweden and Poland left standing since the War against Sigismund

War against Sigismund

The war against Sigismund was a war between Duke Charles, later King Charles IX of Sweden and Sigismund of Sweden, King of Kingdom of Sweden and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth....
(1598-1599), the Polish-Swedish War (1600-1629), and the Northern Wars

Northern Wars

The Northern Wars is a name sometimes used for the series of conflicts between Sweden and its adversaries Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Russia , Prussia , the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark-Norway ....
(1655-1660).

The Hohenzollern dynasty of Brandenburg

Margraviate of Brandenburg

The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
was also confirmed as independent and sovereign over the Duchy of Prussia; previously they had held the territory as a fief of Poland. In case of an end to the Hohenzollern dynasty in Prussia, the territory was to revert to the Polish crown. The treaty was achieved by Brandenburg's diplomat, Christoph Caspar von Blumenthal

Von Blumenthal

This article relates to the von Blumenthal family of German nobility from Brandenburg-Prussia. Other, unrelated, families of this name exist in Switzerland and formerly in Russia, and many unrelated families called "Blumenthal" without "von" are to be found worldwide....
, on the first diplomatic mission of his career.

The Treaty of Oliva, the Treaty of Copenhagen

Treaty of Copenhagen

The Treaty of Copenhagen was signed on May 27, 1660, and marked the conclusion of the Thirty Years War, or the Second Northern War between Sweden and the alliance of Denmark-Norway, Denmark and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth....
the same year and the Treaty of Cardis

Treaty of Cardis

The Treaty of Cardis was a peace settlement made in 1661 between Tsardom of Russia and the Swedish Empire. This particular agreement ended the Russo?Swedish War ....
following year marked the high point of the Swedish Empire

Swedish Empire

Sweden was, between 1611 and 1718, one of the great powers of Europe. In modern historiography this period is known as the Swedish Empire, or stormaktstiden ....
.

Treaty of Oliva

See also