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Treaty of Falaise

 

 
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Treaty of Falaise
 
 
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The Treaty of Falaise was an agreement made in December 1174 by the captive William I
William I of Scotland

William I , known as the Lion or Garbh, "the Rough", reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the second longest in Scottish history before the Acts of Union 1707 with England in 1707, ....
, King of Scots, and the English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 King Henry II
Henry II of England

Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France....
.

Having been captured at the Battle of Alnwick
Battle of Alnwick (1174)

The Battle of Alnwick is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick, in Northumberland. In the battle, which occurred on 12 July 1174, William I of Scotland, also known as William the Lion, was captured by a small English force led by Ranulf de Glanvill....
, during an invasion of Northumbria
Northumbria

Northumbria is primarily the name of both a medieval petty kingdom of the Angles people, in what is now north east England and southern Scotland, and of the earldom which succeeded it when a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom became England....
, William was being held in Falaise
Falaise

Falaise is the name of several commune in France in France:* Falaise, Ardennes,* Falaise, Calvados** The Falaise pocket was the site of a battle in World War II....
 in Normandy
Normandy

Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel between Brittany and Picardy and comprises territory in northern France and the Channel Islands....
, while Henry sent an army north and took several Scottish castles, including Berwick
Berwick Castle

Berwick Castle is a ruined castle in Berwick-Upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England .It was founded in the 12th century by the Scottish David I of Scotland....
, and Edinburgh
Edinburgh Castle

Edinburgh Castle is an ancient stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the city of Edinburgh from its position atop the volcanic Castle Rock....
. With no heir, William had no option but to bargain for release, or see the end of the Scottish line of kings.

William therefore had to swear an oath of allegiance to his neighbouring monarch.






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The Treaty of Falaise was an agreement made in December 1174 by the captive William I
William I of Scotland

William I , known as the Lion or Garbh, "the Rough", reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. His reign was the second longest in Scottish history before the Acts of Union 1707 with England in 1707, ....
, King of Scots, and the English
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 King Henry II
Henry II of England

Henry II, called Curtmantle ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France....
.

Having been captured at the Battle of Alnwick
Battle of Alnwick (1174)

The Battle of Alnwick is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick, in Northumberland. In the battle, which occurred on 12 July 1174, William I of Scotland, also known as William the Lion, was captured by a small English force led by Ranulf de Glanvill....
, during an invasion of Northumbria
Northumbria

Northumbria is primarily the name of both a medieval petty kingdom of the Angles people, in what is now north east England and southern Scotland, and of the earldom which succeeded it when a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom became England....
, William was being held in Falaise
Falaise

Falaise is the name of several commune in France in France:* Falaise, Ardennes,* Falaise, Calvados** The Falaise pocket was the site of a battle in World War II....
 in Normandy
Normandy

Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is situated along the coast of France south of the English Channel between Brittany and Picardy and comprises territory in northern France and the Channel Islands....
, while Henry sent an army north and took several Scottish castles, including Berwick
Berwick Castle

Berwick Castle is a ruined castle in Berwick-Upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England .It was founded in the 12th century by the Scottish David I of Scotland....
, and Edinburgh
Edinburgh Castle

Edinburgh Castle is an ancient stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the city of Edinburgh from its position atop the volcanic Castle Rock....
. With no heir, William had no option but to bargain for release, or see the end of the Scottish line of kings.

William therefore had to swear an oath of allegiance to his neighbouring monarch. English soldiers continued garrisonning Scotland's castles, and Scotland was heavily taxed to pay for their upkeep. The treaty was cancelled 15 years later when Richard the Lionheart, the new English king effectively sold southern Scotland back to the Scottish king to help fund Richard's Crusade in the Holy Land
Holy Land

The Holy Land , generally refers to the geographical region of the Levant called Land of Canaan or Land of Israel in the Bible, and constitutes the Promised land....