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Transducer
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A transducer is a device, usually electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, or photovoltaic that converts one type of energy or physical attribute to another for various purposes including measurement or information transfer (for example, pressure sensors).
The term transducer is commonly used in two senses; the sensor, used to detect a parameter in one form and report it in another (usually an electrical or digital signal), and the audio loudspeaker, which converts electrical voltage variations representing music or speech, to mechanical cone vibration and hence vibrates air molecules creating sound.

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Encyclopedia
A transducer is a device, usually electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, or photovoltaic that converts one type of energy or physical attribute to another for various purposes including measurement or information transfer (for example, pressure sensors).
The term transducer is commonly used in two senses; the sensor, used to detect a parameter in one form and report it in another (usually an electrical or digital signal), and the audio loudspeaker, which converts electrical voltage variations representing music or speech, to mechanical cone vibration and hence vibrates air molecules creating sound.
Types of transducers
- Electromagnetic:
- Antenna - converts electromagnetic waves into electric current and vice versa.
- Cathode ray tube (CRT) - converts electrical signals into visual form
- Fluorescent lamp, light bulb - converts electrical power into visible light
- Magnetic cartridge - converts motion into electrical form
- Pick up (music technology) - converts motion into electrical form
- Photodetector or Photoresistor (LDR) - converts changes in light levels into resistance changes
- Tape head - converts changing magnetic fields into electrical form
- Hall effect sensor - converts a magnetic field level into electrical form only.
- Electrochemical:
- Electromechanical (electromechanical output devices are generically called actuators):
- Electroacoustic:
- Photoelectric:
- Electrostatic:
- Thermoelectric:
- RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
- Thermocouple
- Peltier cooler
- Thermistor (includes PTC resistor and NTC resistor)
- Radioacoustic:
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