Tracing paper - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Tracing paper is a type of translucent paper

Paper

Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon, drawing or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets....

. It is made by immersing uncut and unloaded paper of good quality in sulphuric acid for a few second

Second

The second is a unit of measurement of time, and is the International System of Units base unit of time. It may be measured using a clock....

s. The acid

Acid

An acid is a substance which reacts with a base. Commonly, acids can be identified as tasting sour, reacting with metals such as calcium, and bases like sodium carbonate. Aqueous acids have a pH of less than 7, where an acid of lower pH is typically stronger, and turn blue litmus paper red...

converts some of the cellulose

Cellulose

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β linked D-glucose units....

into amyloid

Amyloid

Amyloids are insoluble fibrous protein aggregates sharing specific structural traits. Abnormal accumulation of amyloid in organs may lead to amyloidosis, and may play a role in various neurodegenerative diseases.-Definition:...

form having a gelatinous and impermeable character. When the treated paper is thoroughly washed and dried, the resultant product

Product (business)

In general, the product is defined as a "thing produced by labor or effort" or the "result of an act or a process", and stems from the verb produce, from the Latin prōdūce ' lead or bring forth'. Since 1575, the word "product" has referred to anything produced...

is much stronger

Tensile strength

Ultimate tensile strength , often shortened to tensile strength or ultimate strength, is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before necking, which is when the specimen's cross-section starts to significantly contract...

than the original paper. Tracing paper is resistant to oil grease and to a large extent impervious to water

Water

Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...

and gas

Gas

Gas is one of the three classical states of matter . Near absolute zero, a substance exists as a solid. As heat is added to this substance it melts into a liquid at its melting point , boils into a gas at its boiling point, and if heated high enough would enter a plasma state in which the electrons...

.

Tracing paper is named as such for its ability for an artist

Artist

An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only...

to trace

Copying

Copying is the duplication of information or an artifact based only on an instance of that information or artifact, and not using the process that originally generated it. With analog forms of information, copying is only possible to a limited degree of accuracy, which depends on the quality of the...

an image

Image

An image is an artifact, for example a two-dimensional picture, that has a similar appearance to some subject—usually a physical object or a person.-Characteristics:...

onto it. When tracing paper is placed onto a picture, the picture is easily viewable through the tracing paper. Thus, it becomes easy for the artist to find edges in the picture and trace the image onto the tracing paper. Pure Cellulose

Cellulose

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β linked D-glucose units....

fiber

Fiber

Fiber is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread.They are very important in the biology of both plants and animals, for holding tissues together....

is translucent, and it is the air trapped between fibers, that makes paper opaque

Opacity (optics)

Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light. In radiative transfer, it describes the absorption and scattering of radiation in a medium, such as a plasma, dielectric, shielding material, glass, etc...

and looks white. If the fibers are refined and beaten until all the air is taken out, then the resulting sheet

Paper

will be translucent. Translucent papers are dense

Density

The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...

and contain up to 10% moisture

Moisture

Humidity is the amount of moisture the air can hold before it rains. Moisture refers to the presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts...

at 50% humidity

Humidity

Humidity is a term for the amount of water vapor in the air, and can refer to any one of several measurements of humidity. Formally, humid air is not "moist air" but a mixture of water vapor and other constituents of air, and humidity is defined in terms of the water content of this mixture,...

. This type of paper is roughly 25% lighter than regular paper.

The sizing

Sizing

Sizing or size is any one of numerous specific substances that is applied to or incorporated in other material, especially papers and textiles, to act as a protecting filler or glaze....

in production will determine whether it is for laser printer

Laser printer

A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. As with digital photocopiers and multifunction printers , laser printers employ a xerographic printing process, but differ from analog photocopiers in that the image is produced...

or inkjet/offset printing

Offset printing

Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique in which the inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface...

.

Tracing paper may be uncoated or coated. Natural tracing paper for laser printing is usually uncoated.

The HS

Harmonized System

The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers for classifying traded products developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization , an independent intergovernmental organization with over 170...

code for tracing paper is 4806.

Production

Tracing paper usually made from sulphite pulp

Pulp (paper)

Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fibre crops or waste paper. Wood pulp is the most common raw material in papermaking.-History:...

by reducing the fibres to a state of fine subdivision

Subdivision

Subdivision may refer to:* Country subdivision** Subdivision , a term for an urban or suburban area, especially if recently parceled up into smaller plots for new uses** Census geographic units of Canada , a term used in Canada...

and hydrolysing

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which molecules of water are split into hydrogen cations and hydroxide anions in the process of a chemical mechanism. It is the type of reaction that is used to break down certain polymers, especially those made by condensation polymerization...

them by very prolonged beating in water.

Technical specifications

Specifications of natural tracing paper:
- Smooth Surface
- Uncoated
- Non ageing
  Ageing
  Ageing or aging is the accumulation of changes in a person over time. Ageing in humans refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological, and social change. Some dimensions of ageing grow and expand over time, while others decline...
- Acid free
- Recyclable

The follows are common standard

Standardization

Standardization is the process of developing and implementing technical standards.The goals of standardization can be to help with independence of single suppliers , compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality....

s for tracing paper:

Substance	Density Density The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...	Humidity Humidity Humidity is a term for the amount of water vapor in the air, and can refer to any one of several measurements of humidity. Formally, humid air is not "moist air" but a mixture of water vapor and other constituents of air, and humidity is defined in terms of the water content of this mixture,...	Roughness	Translucent	Tensile strength Tensile strength Ultimate tensile strength , often shortened to tensile strength or ultimate strength, is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before necking, which is when the specimen's cross-section starts to significantly contract... (mD Darcy A darcy and millidarcy are units of permeability, named after Henry Darcy. They are not SI units, but they are widely used in petroleum engineering and geology. Like other measures of permeability, a darcy has the same units as area.-Definition:Permeability measures the ability of fluids to... )	Surface Alkali pH
ISO 536 (g/m²)	(kg/m³)	ISO 287 (%)	ISO 8791-2 (ml/min)	ISO 2469 (%)	ISO 1974 (mN)	ISO 6588 (pH PH In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at . Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline... )
42	1,200÷1,235	7	100-300	79+/-5	220-440	6-7
53	1,200÷1,235	7	100-300	77+/-5	220-440	6-7
63	1,220÷1,250	7	100-300	75+/-5	220-440	6-7
73	1,220÷1,250	7.5	100-300	75+/-5	220-440	6-7
83	1,220÷1,250	7.5	100-300	75+/-5	220-440	6-7
93	1,220÷1,250	7.5	100-300	75+/-5	220-440	6-7
100	1,220÷1,250	7.5	100-300	75+/-5	220-440	6-7
112	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	73+/-5	220-440	6-7
130	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	69+/-5	220-440	6-7
150	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	65+/-5	220-440	6-7
160	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	61+/-5	220-440	6-7
170	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	59+/-5	220-440	6-7
190	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	55+/-5	220-440	6-7
200	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	53+/-5	220-440	6-7
240	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	47+/-5	220-440	6-7
280	1,220÷1,250	8	100-300	45+/-5	220-440	6-7

Application

Traditional printing methods: letterpress, planographic / offset
Offset printing
Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique in which the inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface...

, silk-screen printing...
Laser and inkjet printing
Processing: varnish
Varnish
Varnish is a transparent, hard, protective finish or film primarily used in wood finishing but also for other materials. Varnish is traditionally a combination of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. Varnish finishes are usually glossy but may be designed to produce satin or semi-gloss...

ing, laminating, punching
Punching
Punching is a metal forming process that uses a punch press to force a tool, called a punch, through the workpiece to create a hole via shearing. The punch often passes through the work into a die. A scrap slug from the hole is deposited into the die in the process. Depending on the material being...

, embossing, folding
Paper folding
Paper craft is the collection of art forms employing paper or card as the primary artistic medium for the creation of three-dimensional objects. It is the most widely used material in arts and crafts. It lends itself to a wide range of techniques, it can for instance be folded, cut, glued,...

, scoring

Drawing
Drawing
Drawing is a form of visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium. Common instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, markers, styluses, and various metals .An artist who...

: ink
Ink
Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments and/or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing and/or writing with a pen, brush, or quill...

, Indian ink, graphite
Graphite
The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek γράφω , "to draw/write", for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead . Unlike diamond , graphite is an electrical conductor, a semimetal...

, pencils
Photographic and Cinema
Movie theater
A movie theater, cinema, movie house, picture theater, film theater is a venue, usually a building, for viewing motion pictures ....

Lighting
Lighting
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate application of light to achieve some practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources such as lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight...

: Diffusion filter
Diffusion filter
A diffusion filter is a translucent photographic filter used for a special effect. When used in front of the camera lens, a diffusion filter softens subjects and generates a dreamy haze. This can also be improvised by smearing petroleum jelly on a UV filter or shooting through a nylon stocking...

for Light Sources to produce aesthetic effect.

Printing notices

Offset printing
Offset printing
Offset printing is a commonly used printing technique in which the inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface...

:
- Print multicolored files on a multicolored machine – this helps to avoid registration problems.
- Packaging has to be removed immediately before printing.
- Paper stacks should be fanned out.
- Printing sheets should preferably be finished long grain
  GRAIN
  GRAIN is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems. Our support takes the form of independent research and analysis, networking at local, regional and...
  
  .
- Translucent paper is printable with all popular as well as very fine screen widths.
- The use of frequency adjusted screen processes is also possible (FM-screening).
- The fountain solution pH has to be controlled (pH
  PH
  In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at . Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline...
  
  greater than 5.5).
- Only oxidative drying or UV-drying inks should be used.
- Addition of drying material should be avoided.
- Do not dry with hot air or infrared
  Infrared
  Infrared light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.74 micrometres , and extending conventionally to 300 µm...
  
  -heater, flatness problems may occur.
- Use powder
  Powder (substance)
  A powder is a dry,thick bulk solid composed of a large number of very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted. Powders are a special sub-class of granular materials, although the terms powder and granular are sometimes used to distinguish separate classes of material...
  
  spraying sparingly.
- Do not allow the stack after printing to be too high, thus allowing air to circulate to aid drying.
- Transparent papers require longer drying times, this has to be considered.
- Further processing can be done once the printing colors are completely dry.
Inkjet printing:
- Line and script printing shows good results.
- Ink absorption is limited due to the high density of the transparent papers.
- Longer drying times have to be considered.
- Recommend a test-print.
Laser printing:
- Transparent paper offers a fine closed surface that provides a high image quality.
- Due to high processing temperatures the paper may show some shrinkage or stretching effects.
- Therefore it is essential to test the run ability of the paper with the precise printing conditions.
Recommendation:
- Transparent papers require a very high degree of mechanical treatment of the fiber.
- Thus it is sensitive to temperature and moisture fluctuations.
- The transparent paper should be stored in its original packing for 24 hours in the printing room.
- Ideal climate conditions for the transparent paper are 18 - 23°C at 45 – 55 %RH
  Relative humidity
  Relative humidity is a term used to describe the amount of water vapor in a mixture of air and water vapor. It is defined as the partial pressure of water vapor in the air-water mixture, given as a percentage of the saturated vapor pressure under those conditions...
  
  air humidity.
- Printed and unprinted transparent paper should be protected from moisture during storage.

Usages

Envelope
Envelope
An envelope is a common packaging item, usually made of thin flat material. It is designed to contain a flat object, such as a letter or card....

s
Mailings
Marketing inlays
Flyer
Flyer (pamphlet)
__notoc__A flyer or flier, also called a circular, handbill or leaflet, is a form of paper advertisement intended for wide distribution and typically posted or distributed in public place....

, coversheets, dividers, prestige printings, business cards, greeting cards, invitations, playcards and posters, origami
Origami
is the traditional Japanese art of paper folding, which started in the 17th century AD at the latest and was popularized outside Japan in the mid-1900s. It has since then evolved into a modern art form...

External links

List of tracing paper mill

Arjowiggins Tracing Papers
Gateway tracing paper
Glamma basic transparency paper by Schoellershammer
Canson tracing paper

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.