The
Toyota ZZ engine family is a
straight-4The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a...
piston engine series. The ZZ series uses an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC 4-valve cylinder heads, a first for Toyota. The camshafts are chain driven. The two 1.8 L members of the family, the 1ZZ and 2ZZ, use different bore and stroke. The former was optimized for economy and torque, while the latter is a "square" design optimized for high-RPM power. The ZZ family replaced the extremely popular cast-iron
4A engines.
The seemingly complicated names Toyota gives its engines is actually quite simple. The first number denotes the engine block's generation. The next one or two letters, followed by a hyphen, specify the engine family. The remaining letters following the hyphen list the engine's features. For example, the 2ZZ-GE can be decoded as being the second generation of the ZZ engine series and features a performance head - wide angle valves (G) and Electronic Fuel Injection (E).
More information on Toyota engines and how to read their names can be found here.
1ZZ-FE
The
1ZZ-FE is a 1.8 L (1794 cc) version built in
Buffalo, West VirginiaBuffalo is a town in Putnam County, West Virginia, along the Kanawha River. The population was 1,171 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Buffalo is located at ....
. Its production in
Cambridge, OntarioCambridge is a city located in Southern Ontario on the Grand River and Speed River in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It is composed of the former city of Galt, town of Preston, and town of Hespeler, Ontario. covers the largest portion of Cambridge, taking up the southern half of the city...
was discontinued in December 2007. Bore is 79 mm and stroke is 91.5 mm. Output is between 120 hp (89 kW) at 5600 rpm with 122 ft·lb (165 N·m) of torque at 4400 rpm, and 140 hp (104 kW) at 6400 rpm with 125.8 ft·lb (170.6 N·m) of torque at 4200 rpm. The cylinders of 1ZZ engines are lined with cast iron. It uses SFI
fuel injectionFuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline automotive engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
, has
VVT-iVVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota, similar in performance to the BMW's VANOS. The Toyota VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT offered starting in 1991 on the 5-valve per cylinder 4A-GE engine...
(on later versions) and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a one-piece cast camshaft, and either a cast aluminum intake manifold or a molded plastic one.
A bolt-on TRD supercharger kit is available on the 2003-2004 Corolla and Matrix.
Applications:
- Toyota Corolla
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
CE/LE/S
- Chevrolet Prizm
- Pontiac Vibe
The Pontiac Vibe is a compact hatchback car produced in Fremont, California, in the United States by NUMMI , a joint venture between General Motors and Toyota, and marketed under General Motors' Pontiac brand...
- Toyota Celica
The Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of popular coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
GT
- Toyota Matrix
The Toyota Matrix, sometimes officially referred to as the Toyota Corolla Matrix, is a compact hatchback manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, to be sold in the United States, Canada, and now Mexico...
XR
- Toyota Avensis
The Toyota Avensis is a large family car built in Derbyshire, United Kingdom by Japanese automaker Toyota since the 1998 model year. It is the successor of the Carina E and is available as a four-door saloon, five-door liftback and estate...
- Toyota Opa
The Opa was the result of the V50 series Vista Arudeo wagon modified into a 5-door hatchback. The transmission shifter was relocated from the floor between the front seats to a location on the lower portion of the dashboard, allowing passengers to walk to the rear area from either front seat...
- Toyota Wish
The Toyota WISH is a Compact MPV produced by Japanese automaker Toyota since 2003. It is available as a six and seven-seater, equipped with either a 1.8 or 2.0-litre gasoline engine...
- Lotus Elise
The Lotus Elise is a two seat, rear-wheel drive, mid-engined roadster conceived in early 1994 and released in September 1996 by the English manufacturer Lotus Cars. The car has a hand-finished fibreglass body shell atop its extruded aluminium and bonded chassis that provides a rigid platform for...
1ZZ-FED
The
1ZZ-FED is similar to the 1ZZ-FE but is built in
Shimoyama, JapanShimoyama was a village located in Higashikamo District, Aichi, Japan.On April 1, 2005 Shimoyama, along with the town of Fujioka, the village of Obara, both from Nishikamo District, and the towns of Asuke, Asahi and Inabu, all from Higashikamo District, was merged into the city of Toyota.2003, the...
. Output is 140 hp (104 kW) at 6400 rpm with 126 ft·lb (171 N·m) of torque at 4200 rpm. It uses MFI
fuel injectionFuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline automotive engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
,
VVT-iVVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota, similar in performance to the BMW's VANOS. The Toyota VVT-i system replaces the Toyota VVT offered starting in 1991 on the 5-valve per cylinder 4A-GE engine...
and light weight, cast rods.
Applications:
- Toyota Corolla
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
- Toyota Celica
The Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of popular coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
GT
- Toyota MR2
The Toyota MR2 is a two-seat, mid-engined, rear wheel drive sports car produced by Toyota from 1984 until July 2007 when production stopped in Japan. Sales in the USA ended in 2005. There are three different generations of the MR2, often referred to as MKI , MKII , and MKIII .Some car historians...
Spyder
- Toyota Wish
The Toyota WISH is a Compact MPV produced by Japanese automaker Toyota since 2003. It is available as a six and seven-seater, equipped with either a 1.8 or 2.0-litre gasoline engine...
1.8
2ZZ-GE
The
2ZZ-GE is a 1.8 L (1796 cc or 109.6 in³) version built in
Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. Bore is 82 mm (3.23") and the stroke is 85 mm (3.35"). It uses MFI
fuel injectionFuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline automotive engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
, has VVTL-i, and features forged steel connecting rods. Compression ratio is 11.5:1, necessitating "premium" gasoline (91 octane or above in the (R+M)/2 scale used in North America). Power output for this engine varies depending on the vehicle and tuning, with the
CelicaThe Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of popular coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
,
Corolla T-SportThe Corolla E120 was the ninth generation of cars sold by Toyota under the Corolla nameplate.The ninth-generation Corolla first appeared in November 2000 with edgier styling and a longer 2600 mm wheelbase. It is built on a shortened Toyota Vista platform—the Vista being a mid-sized, rather...
,
Lotus EliseThe Lotus Elise is a two seat, rear-wheel drive, mid-engined roadster conceived in early 1994 and released in September 1996 by the English manufacturer Lotus Cars. The car has a hand-finished fibreglass body shell atop its extruded aluminium and bonded chassis that provides a rigid platform for...
and
Lotus ExigeThe Lotus Exige is a two-door, two-seat sports car made by Lotus Cars. It is essentially a coupe version of the Lotus Elise, which is a roadster that is mid-engined and has been in production since 1996....
offering but the American versions of the 2003
CorollaThe Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
,
MatrixThe Toyota Matrix, sometimes officially referred to as the Toyota Corolla Matrix, is a compact hatchback manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, to be sold in the United States, Canada, and now Mexico...
, and
Pontiac VibeThe Pontiac Vibe is a compact hatchback car produced in Fremont, California, in the United States by NUMMI , a joint venture between General Motors and Toyota, and marketed under General Motors' Pontiac brand...
versions only developing 180 hp with all later years offering anywhere from 173 hp in 2004 to 164 hp in 2006 due to a recurved powerband. The differing power numbers from 2004 through 2006 are due to changes in
dynamometerA dynamometer or "dyno" for short, is a device for measuring force or power. For example, the power produced by an engine, motor or other rotating prime mover can be calculated by simultaneously measuring torque and rotational speed ....
testing procedures. The Australian variant Corolla Sportivo is 141 kW@7600 and 181N·m Torque. Due to noise regulations, Toyota recalled them for a flash of the
PCMA Powertrain Control Module, abbreviated PCM, is an automotive component, an electronic control unit , used on motor vehicles. It is generally a combined control unit, consisting of the engine control unit and the transmission control unit. It commonly controls more than 5 factors in the car or...
to up their output to classify them in the more lenient "sports car" noise category. The Corolla Compressor and Lotus Exige S add a
superchargerA supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine. The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion than would be available in a naturally-aspirated engine, which allows more fuel to be provided and more work to be done per cycle,...
with intercooler to achieve , while the Exige 240R's supercharger increases output to . The addition of a non-intercooled supercharger to the Elise SC produces with a considerable weight saving. The supercharged engines are not labeled 2ZZ-GZE.
Unique to the ZZ family, the 2ZZ-GE utilizes a dual camshaft profile system (the "L" in VVTL-i, known by enthusiasts as "lift") to produce the added power without an increase in displacement or forced induction. The table below lists the specifications of the camshafts. This is similar in concept to Honda's i-VTEC, but the two systems are very different in design and execution.
|
Intake |
Exhaust |
|
Duration |
Valve lift |
Duration |
Valve lift |
| Low Cam |
228° |
7.6mm |
228° |
7.6mm |
| High Cam |
292° |
11.2mm |
276° |
10.0mm |
Excluding the 2003 MR2 and European Celicas with the 1ZZ engine, the 2ZZ engine is also the only model in the ZZ engine family to use a six-speed manual transmission, as well as the only one to have been available with a four-speed
TiptronicTiptronic, is a type of manumatic automatic transmission developed by Porsche, and used in its vehicles, and those of its licensees.- Overview :...
-style automatic. These gearboxes were unique to this engine; since then, only a few Toyota engines have been paired with either a six-speed manual or a Tiptronic-style automatic (and only one other engine, the
4GR-FSEThe Toyota GR engine family is an open-deck, V6 piston engine series. The GR series has a 60° die-cast aluminum block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. This engine series also features 4 valves per cylinder, forged steel connecting rods, one-piece cast camshafts, and a cast aluminum lower intake...
, has received both).
Toyota commissioned Yamaha to design the 2ZZ-GE and it shares several similarities with street bike engines, the most notable being the relatively high RPM design. The high-output cam profile is not activated until approximately 6,200 rpm (the exact point of engagement is different depending on the vehicle, year, and PCM involved) and will not engage until the engine is sufficiently warmed up to 60° celsius (140° fahrenheit). The Toyota PCM electronically limits RPM to about 8200 RPM (or 8400 RPM in some earlier cars) via fuel and/or spark cut. Just like the lift activation point variations in rev-limit rpm exists between models. For example 2002+ Celicas were rev limited to 7900rpm in North America. Consequently, it's impossible to "over-rev" the engine with the throttle alone; a downshift from a higher gear must be involved. A typical "over-rev" can damage the oil pump, commonly disintegrating the lobe ring, resulting in damage similar to the picture at right. The oil pump is the Achilles heel of the 2ZZ, though incidents are rare and usually occur due to fault of the driver. Unfortunately, starving the engine of oil is almost always fatal to this particular design of engine, even when caught quickly. CircuitWorx makes an aftermarket Oil Pump Gear that is recommended highly by TRD (Toyota Racing Development). Quote from Monkey Wrench Racing: "A CircuitWorx billet oil pump gear is much stronger than a stock gear and will withstand high RPM vibration much better than a stock unit."
The engine will easily run at speeds of around 4,000 rpm for extended periods of time and is designed to periodically run at the 8,400 RPM redline without issue. For the first few years of production, the engines were notorious for failing "lift bolts". This did not damage the engine, but would hamper performance as the high output cam profile was unable to properly engage. Toyota fixed the problem in late 2002 with a redesigned bolt that was installed on later engines. Earlier engines with the problematic bolts can be fixed via a Toyota-issued
TSBTechnical Service Bulletins, or TSBs, are recommended procedures for repairing vehicles. Not to be confused with recalls, a TSB is issued by a vehicle manufacturer when there are several occurrences of an unanticipated problem. TSBs can range from vehicle-specific to covering entire product lines...
simply requiring the new bolt to be installed in place of the old one.
Also, 2004 and newer Matrix and Corolla XRS were sold with smog pumps and have an extra hole above each exhaust port in the engine head and manifold where the "air" is injected for complete fuel burning before the catalyst. It is of note that all 2ZZ-GE heads from 03/03 onwards carry this modification even if the vehicle does not have the air injection system.
Applications:
- Toyota Celica
The Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of popular coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
SS-II (Japan, 187 hp/190 PS)
- Toyota Celica
The Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of popular coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
GT-S (USA, 180 hp)
- Toyota Celica
The Toyota Celica name has been applied to a series of popular coupes made by the Japanese company Toyota. The name is ultimately derived from the Latin word coelica meaning "heavenly" or "celestial"....
190/T-Sport (UK, 189 hp)
- Toyota Corolla
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
Sportivo (Australia, /180 Nm)
- Toyota Corolla
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
TS (Europe, (189 hp/192 PS)
- Toyota Corolla
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
Compressor (Europe, 222 hp/225 PS)
- Toyota Corolla
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
XRS (USA, 164/170 hp)
- Toyota Corolla Fielder
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
Z Aero Tourer (Japan, 187 hp/190 PS)
- Toyota Corolla Runx
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
Z Aero Tourer (Japan, 187 hp/190 PS)
- Toyota Corolla RunX
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
RSi (South Africa, 141kw/180nm)
- Toyota Matrix
The Toyota Matrix, sometimes officially referred to as the Toyota Corolla Matrix, is a compact hatchback manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, to be sold in the United States, Canada, and now Mexico...
XRS (USA, 164-180 hp)
- Pontiac Vibe
The Pontiac Vibe is a compact hatchback car produced in Fremont, California, in the United States by NUMMI , a joint venture between General Motors and Toyota, and marketed under General Motors' Pontiac brand...
GT (USA, 164-180 hp)
- Lotus Elise
The Lotus Elise is a two seat, rear-wheel drive, mid-engined roadster conceived in early 1994 and released in September 1996 by the English manufacturer Lotus Cars. The car has a hand-finished fibreglass body shell atop its extruded aluminium and bonded chassis that provides a rigid platform for...
(North America/UK, 190 hp)
- Lotus Exige
The Lotus Exige is a two-door, two-seat sports car made by Lotus Cars. It is essentially a coupe version of the Lotus Elise, which is a roadster that is mid-engined and has been in production since 1996....
(US/UK, 190 hp NA & 243 hp supercharged)
3ZZ-FE
The 3ZZ-FE is a 1.6 L (1598 cc) incarnation built in
Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. It is found in the Asian Toyota Corolla Altis which is available in countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan and in the Toyota Corolla sedan sold in Sri Lanka. In South Africa the motor can be found in the RunX 160 and Corolla 160. The entire exterior design and chassis is the same as the American Corolla. Bore is 79.0 mm and the stroke is 81.5 mm. Max. output is 109 hp (81 kW) @ 6000 rpm. Max. torque is 110 lb/ft. of torque (150 Nm) @ 3800 rpm.
Applications:
- Toyota Corolla
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
(Europe, 109 hp)
- Toyota Corolla Altis 1.6E (Asian, 110 hp)
- Toyota Corolla RunX
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
160 (South African, 81kW @ 6000 and 146Nm @ 4400)
4ZZ-FE
The 4ZZ-FE is a 1.4 L (1398 cc) version. Bore is 79.0 mm and stroke is 71.3 mm. Output is 95 hp (71 kW) at 6000 rpm with 96 ft·lb (130 N·m) of torque at 4400 rpm.
Applications:
- Toyota Corolla
The Corolla is a line of subcompact/compact cars manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota, which has become very popular throughout the world since the nameplate was first introduced in 1966. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate in the world, with over 35 million sold as of...
- Toyota Auris
The is a compact 3 door and 5 door hatchback which shares the same E150 platform with the Toyota Corolla.In Europe, Toyota positioned the Auris as the replacement of Corolla hatchback, while the notchback Sedan continued by the Corolla nameplate....
- Toyota RunX 140
Production
The 1.8L ZZ engines are built in Tianjin FAW Toyota Engine Co., Ltd. (TFTE) Plant No. 1.
External links