Tower and stockade
Encyclopedia
Zionism
Zionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...
settlers in the British Mandate of Palestine during the 1936–39 Arab revolt, when the establishment of new Jewish settlements was restricted by the Mandatory authorities. During the course of the Tower and stockade campaign, 52 new Jewish settlements were established throughout the country.
The motivation was to have as much Jewish-owned land as possible populated by Jews, particularly in remote areas, by establishing "facts on the ground
Facts on the ground
Facts on the ground is a diplomatic term that means the situation in reality as opposed to in the abstract. It originated in discussions of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, where it was used to refer to Israeli settlements built in the occupied West Bank, which were intended to establish permanent...
." These settlements would eventually be transformed into fortified agricultural settlements, and served for security purposes (as defenses against Arab
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
raiders) as well as creating continuous Jewish-populated regions, which would later help determine the borders of the Partition Plan.
All of the major settlement groups (mostly kibbutzim and moshavim) took part in the campaign, which consisted of assembling a guard tower with a fence around it. While many of these settlements were not approved by the Mandate, existing settlements were not dismantled according to the law at the time. Therefore, the construction of the Tower and Stockade settlements had to be finished very quickly, usually in the course of a single night.
List of Tower and stockade settlements (by order of establishment)
- Kfar HittimKfar HittimKfar Hittim was the first moshav shitufi and the first Tower and stockade settlement in Israel. The moshav, a small farming community of 75 families, is under the jurisdiction of the Lower Galilee Regional Council in northern Israel....
, 7 December 1936 - Tel AmalNir DavidNir David is a kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley near the city of Jenin in northern Israel. Founded on 10 December 1936 as the first of the tower and stockade settlements under the name Tel Amal, it is under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council-History:The community of Nir David...
(now Nir David), 10 December 1936 - Sde NahumSde NahumSde Nahum is a kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley in northern Israel. Located around 4 km northwest of Beit She'an, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council...
, 5 January 1937 - Sha'ar HaGolan, 31 January. 1937
- MasadaMasada, Emek HaYardenMasada is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the northern Jordan Valley near the Sea of Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Emek HaYarden Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 296.-History:...
, 31 January. 1937 - GinosarGinosarGinosar , , is a kibbutz on the western banks of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. Located north of Tiberias on Highway 90, it falls under the jurisdiction of Emek HaYarden Regional Council...
, 25 February 1937 - Beit YosefBeit Yosef, IsraelBeit Yosef is a moshav in the northern Israel's Beit She'an Valley. It belongs to the Valley of Springs Regional Council, and is located about 8 km north of Beit She'an, adjacent to Yardena.- History :...
, 9 April 1937 - Mishmar HaShloshaMishmar HaShloshaMishmar HaShlosha was a moshav in the Eastern region of the Lower Galilee, in the Yavnel Valley, near the moshava Yavne'el. The moshav was merged to the local council Yavne'el in 1953....
, 13 April 1937 - Tirat Tzvi, 30 June 1937
- Bnei Brit (now MoledetMoledet, IsraelMoledet is a communal settlement in the Lower Galilee in northern Israel. It belongs to the Gilboa Regional Council.The community was founded as a kibbutz on 4 July 1937 as part of the Tower and stockade program, and was named after the "Moledet" organization of the founders, who were immigrants...
), 4 July 1937 - Ein HaShofetEin HashofetEin HaShofet is a kibbutz in northern Israel in the Hills of Ephraim. Located in the Ramat Menashe region around 30 km from the city of Haifa, close to Yokneam, it falls under the jurisdiction of Megiddo Regional Council. In 2008 it had a population of 759....
, 5 July 1937 - Ein Gev, 6 July 1937
- Maoz Haim, 6 July 1937
- Kfar Menachem, 27 July 1937
- Hafetz HaimHafetz HaimHafetz Haim is a religious kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the Shephelah, it falls under the jurisdiction of Nahal Sorek Regional Council. In 2006, it had a population of 450....
, 15 August 1937 - Tzur MosheTzur MosheTzur Moshe is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain near Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lev HaSharon Regional Council. In 2007 it had a population of 2,400....
, 13 September 1937 - UshaUsha, IsraelUsha is a kibbutz in the western Galilee area of Israel. Located near the city of Kiryat Atta, it falls under the jurisdiction of Zevulun Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 350.-History:...
, 7 November 1937 - HanitaHanitaHanita is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the western Galilee approximately 15 kilometres northeast of Nahariya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. In 2011 it had a population of 500....
, 21 March 1938 - Shavei TzionShavei TzionShavei Tzion is a moshav shitufi in northern Israel. Located between Acre and Nahariya and covering 2,000 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 654....
, 13 April 1938 - Sde WarburgSde WarburgSde Warburg is a moshav shitufi in the Center District of Israel, established in 1938 as a Tower and stockade by immigrants from Germany. Part of the Drom HaSharon Regional Council, the moshav is located to the north of Kfar Sava....
, 17 May 1938 - Ramat Hadar, 26 May 1938
- AlonimAlonimAlonim is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In 1947 Alonim had a population of over 450. In 2006 it had a population of 521....
, 26 June 1938 - Ma'ale HaHamishaMa'ale HaHamishaMa'ale Hahamisha is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the Judean hills just off the Jerusalem–Tel Aviv highway, It falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council...
, 17 July 1938 - Tel YitzhakTel YitzhakTel Yitzhak is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the coastal plain to the south-east of Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaSharon Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 851....
, 25 July 1938 - Beit YehoshuaBeit YehoshuaBeit Yehoshua is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the coastal plain near Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaSharon Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 784....
, 17 August 1938 - Ein HaMifratzEin HaMifratzEin HaMifratz is a kibbutz near Acre in northern Israel. Located on the Mediterranean coast, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council...
, 25 August 1938 - Ma'ayan TzviMa'ayan TzviMa'ayan Tzvi is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located near Zikhron Ya'akov, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 462....
, 30 August 1938 - SharonaSharonaSharona is an moshav in the Lower Galilee Regional Council, Israel.In the early 13th century, the geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi described Sârûniyyah as "a pass near Tabariyya, you go up it to reach At Tûr" In 1596, there was a village of 17 Muslim families there...
, 16 November 1938 - GeulimGeulimGeulim is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain near Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lev HaSharon Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 774....
, 17 November 1938 - EilonEilonEilon is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located a mile south of Lebanese border and six miles east of the Mediterranean coast, the kibbutz sits on a ridge between two streams, Nahal Betzet and Nahal Kziv and falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council...
, 24 November 1938 - Neve EitanNeve EitanNeve Eitan is a kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley in northern Israel. Located about 1 km east of Beit She'an and 1 km west of Maoz Haim, it is under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council.-History:...
, 25 November 1938 - Kfar RuppinKfar RuppinKfar Ruppin is a kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley about southeast of Beit She'an in northern Israel. A member of the Kibbutz Movement, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council.-History:...
, 25 November 1938 - Kfar MasarykKfar MasarykKfar Masaryk is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the western Galilee near the Belus River and south of Acre, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 598....
, 29 November 1938 - MesilotMesilotMesilot is a kibbutz in Beit She'an Valley near the city of Beit She'an in Israel. It falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council.location : under mount Gilboa-History:...
, 22 December 1938 - Dalia, 2 May 1939
- DafnaDafnaDafna is a kibbutz in the Upper Galilee in northern Israel, 7 km east of Kiryat Shmona. It was founded on 3 May 1939, after the tower and stockade principle, it was the first tower and stockade settlement in the northern Hula Valley...
, 3 May 1939 - Dan, 4 May 1939
- Sde EliyahuSde EliyahuSde Eliyahu is a religious kibbutz in northern Israel. Located 5 km south of Beit She'an, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council.-History:...
, 8 May 1939 - MahanayimMahanayimMahanayim is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located around three kilometres north-east of Rosh Pina, it falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 346....
, 23 May 1939 - Shadmot DvoraShadmot DvoraShadmot Dvora is an agricultural moshav in the Lower Galilee Regional Council, Israel. It was established on 23 May 1939 by Jewish immigrants mostly from Germany...
, 23 May 1939 - ShorashimShorashimShorashim is a Hebrew word meaning roots which may refer to:* Shorashim, a village in the Galilee* Shorashim, a nonprofit organization devoted to building bridges between Jews in Israel and around the world....
, 23 May 1939 - Hazore'imHaZore'imHaZor'im is a religious moshav in the Lower Galilee Regional Council, Israel. It was established in 1939 in the Tower and stockade settlement method, by Jewish immigrants from Europe, mostly from Germany and the Netherlands and after a while also by immigrants from north Africa. The village is...
, 23 May 1939 - Tel Tzur, 23 May 1939
- Kfar GliksonKfar GliksonKfar Glikson is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located near Binyamina and Pardes Hana-Karkur, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 269....
, 23 May 1939 - Ma'apilim, 23 May 1939
- Mishmar HaYam (now Afek), 28 May 1939
- Hamadiyah, 23 June 1939
- Kfar NetterKfar NetterKfar Netter is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the coastal plain near Netanya, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaSharon Regional Council...
, 26 June 1939 - NegbaNegbaNegba is a kibbutz in the northern Negev, Israel. Located near the cities of Kiryat Malakhi and Ashkelon, it falls under the jurisdiction of Yoav Regional Council...
, 12 July 1939 - GesherGesher, IsraelGesher is a kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley in northeastern Israel. Founded in 1939 by immigrants from Germany, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. It is situated 10 km south of kibbutz Deganya Aleph and 15 km south of Tiberias. The population is...
, 13 August 1939
- AmirAmir, IsraelAmir is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Finger of the Galilee near Kiryat Shmona, it falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 545...
, 29 October 1939 - Kfar SzoldKfar SzoldKfar Szold is a kibbutz in the Hula Valley in the Upper Galilee area of Israel.-History:Kfar Szold was founded during the 1940s by Jewish immigrants from Hungary, Austria and Germany and was named after Henrietta Szold, who founded Hadassah, the Women's Zionist organization...
, 13 November 1942