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Torsen (full name Torsen traction) is a type of limited slip differential
Limited slip differential

A limited slip differential is a modified or derived type of differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in rotational velocity of the output shafts, but does not allow the difference in speed to increase beyond a preset amount....
 used in automobiles. It was invented by American Vernon Gleasman and manufactured by the Gleason Corporation. Torsen is a contraction of Torque-Sensing. TORSEN and TORSEN Traction are registered trademarks of JTEKT Torsen North America Inc (formerly Zexel Corporation, formerly Gleason Power Systems). All Torsen differentials have their origin in the Dual-Drive Differential that was invented and patented by Gleasman in 1958.

Torsen differentials can be used in one or more positions on a motor vehicle
Motor vehicle

A motor vehicle is a machine which incorporates a wikt:motor , and which is used for transportation. The internal combustion engine is the most common motor choice, although electric motors or other types are sometimes used....
: A four-wheel-drive vehicle, for example, may use either one, two, or three Torsen differentials.

e are currently three types of Torsen differentials.

  1. The original Torsen T-1 (Type A) uses crossed axis helical gears to increase internal friction
    Friction

    File:Friction alt.svgFriction is the force resisting the relative lateral motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, or material elements in contact....
    .






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    Torsen (full name Torsen traction) is a type of limited slip differential
    Limited slip differential

    A limited slip differential is a modified or derived type of differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in rotational velocity of the output shafts, but does not allow the difference in speed to increase beyond a preset amount....
     used in automobiles. It was invented by American Vernon Gleasman and manufactured by the Gleason Corporation. Torsen is a contraction of Torque-Sensing. TORSEN and TORSEN Traction are registered trademarks of JTEKT Torsen North America Inc (formerly Zexel Corporation, formerly Gleason Power Systems). All Torsen differentials have their origin in the Dual-Drive Differential that was invented and patented by Gleasman in 1958.

    Torsen differentials can be used in one or more positions on a motor vehicle
    Motor vehicle

    A motor vehicle is a machine which incorporates a wikt:motor , and which is used for transportation. The internal combustion engine is the most common motor choice, although electric motors or other types are sometimes used....
    :
    • centre - used to apportion appropriate torque
      Torque

      Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis . Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
       distribution between front and rear axles on a four-wheel drive
      Four-wheel drive

      Four-wheel drive, 4WD, 4x4 , or AWD is a four-wheeled vehicle with a Powertrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously....
       vehicle.
    • rear - used to apportion appropriate torque distribution between left and right sides in rear axles. This may be on either a rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive vehicle.
    • front - used to apportion appropriate torque distribution between left and right sides in front axles. This may be on either a front-wheel drive
      Front-wheel drive

      Front-wheel drive is a form of Internal combustion engine/transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only....
       or four-wheel drive vehicle.
    A four-wheel-drive vehicle, for example, may use either one, two, or three Torsen differentials.

    Types of Torsen

    There are currently three types of Torsen differentials.

    1. The original Torsen T-1 (Type A) uses crossed axis helical gears to increase internal friction
      Friction

      File:Friction alt.svgFriction is the force resisting the relative lateral motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, or material elements in contact....
      . The Type I can be designed for higher torque bias ratios than the Type II, but typically has higher backlash and the potential for Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) issues, and requires a precise setup/installation.
    2. The later Torsen T-2 (Type B) uses a parallel gear
      Gear

      A gear is a component within a Transmission device that transmits rotational force to another gear or device. A gear is different from a pulley in that a gear is a round wheel that has linkages that mesh with other gear teeth, allowing force to be fully transferred without slippage....
       arrangement to achieve a similar effect. There is also a specialist application of the T-2, known as the       T-2R (RaceMaster).
    3. The latest Torsen T-3 (Type C) is a planetary type differential, in that the intended torque
      Torque

      Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis . Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
       split is not 50:50. The Type C is available as single or twin version; the Torsen twin C differential has front and center differential in the same unit.


    The Torsen T-3 will be employed as the centre differential in all future non-Haldex Traction Audi
    Audi

    AUDI AG, is a Germany car manufacturer which produces cars under the Audi brand, . The name Audi is based on a latin translation of the last name of the founder August "Horch", itself the German word for ?hear." Another explanation for the origin of the name is as an acronym for ?Auto Union Deutschland Ingolstadt."...
     models with quattro four-wheel drive
    Four-wheel drive

    Four-wheel drive, 4WD, 4x4 , or AWD is a four-wheeled vehicle with a Powertrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously....
    , current applications: 2008 Audi S4 (B7)
    Audi S4

    The Audi S4 name was originally used for the high performance sport version of the Audi 100 automobile and has subsequently been used for similar versions of the Audi A4 series....
    , Audi RS4 (B7)
    Audi RS4

    The Audi RS4 quattro is the top tier and highest performing version of the Audi A4 range of automobile. It is a sports car compact executive car produced by quattro GmbH, in limited numbers, for Germany automotive industry - Audi, part of the larger Volkswagen Group....
    , and Audi Q7
    Audi Q7

    The Audi Q7 is a full-size luxury SUV produced by Germany automaker Audi since its unveiling at the Los Angeles Auto Show in January 2006....
    . Alfa Romeo
    Alfa Romeo

    Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is an Italian automaker founded on 24 June 1910 in Milan. Alfa Romeo has been a part of the Fiat Group since 1986....
     uses Torsen C twin differential in Alfa Romeo 156 Crosswagon
    Alfa Romeo 156

    The Alfa Romeo 156 is a compact executive car introduced by Italy automaker Alfa Romeo at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show as the replacement for the Alfa Romeo 155....
     Q4 and then in 159
    Alfa Romeo 159

    The Alfa Romeo 159 is a compact executive car produced by the Italy manufacturer Alfa Romeo since 2005. The 159 was introduced in production form at the 2005 Salon International de l'Auto as a replacement for the successful Alfa Romeo 156....
    , Brera
    Alfa Romeo Brera

    The Alfa Romeo Brera is a grand tourer produced by the Italy automaker Alfa Romeo since 2005. The Spider Cabriolet has been produced since 2006....
     and Spider
    Alfa Romeo Brera

    The Alfa Romeo Brera is a grand tourer produced by the Italy automaker Alfa Romeo since 2005. The Spider Cabriolet has been produced since 2006....
     Q4 models. Also Toyota uses a Torsen T-3 in the center differential of the Toyota 4Runner
    Toyota 4Runner

    The Toyota 4Runner, is an SUV manufactured by Toyota and sold throughout the world from 1984 to the present. The original 4Runner was a compact SUV and a little more than a Toyota pickup truck with a fiberglass shell over the bed, but the model has since undergone significant independent development into a mid-size SUV....
     and Lexus
    Lexus

    is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Toyota. First introduced in 1989 in the United States, where Lexus has become the highest-selling make of luxury car, today Lexus vehicles are available throughout the world....
     GX470, with manual locking feature, and GM
    General Motors

    General Motors Corporation , founded in 1908, is the world's second-largest automaker after Toyota, ranked by 2008 global unit sales. GM was the global sales leader for 77 consecutive calendar years from 1931 to 2008....
     has a Torsen T-3 centre differential in the (non rear drive) Chevrolet TrailBlazer SS
    Chevrolet TrailBlazer

    The Chevrolet TrailBlazer is a mid-size Sport utility vehicle produced by the Chevrolet division of United States automaker General Motors. It was introduced in 1999 as an upscale trim line of the Chevrolet S-10 Blazer....
    .

    How they work

    The Torsen differential works by supporting a torque imbalance, the maximum ratio of torque imbalance being defined by the Torque Bias Ratio (TBR). When a Torsen has a 3:1 TBR, that means that one side of the differential can handle up to 75% while the other side would have to only handle 25% of applied torque. During acceleration under asymmetric traction
    Traction

    Traction may refer to:* Traction , static friction* Traction , the set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the skeletal system...
     conditions, so long as the higher traction side can handle the higher percentage of applied torque, no relative wheelspin
    Wheelspin

    A wheelspin, also called a peel-out, occurs when the driver of a motor vehicle accidentally or deliberately spins the wheels of the vehicle on the road before moving off....
     will occur. When the traction difference exceeds the TBR, the slower output side of the differential receives the tractive torque of the faster wheel multiplied by the TBR; any extra torque remaining from applied torque contributes to the angular acceleration
    Angular acceleration

    Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time. In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared , and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha ....
     of the faster output side of the differential.

    NOTE: The TBR should not be confused with the uneven torque-split feature in the planetary-type Torsen III. The planetary gearset allows a Torsen III center differential to distribute torque unevenly between front and rear axles during normal (full traction) operation without inducing wind-up in the drivetrain. This feature is independent of the Torque Bias Ratio.

    Torsens in front and/or rear axles

    When attempting to turn with a torque sensitive differential, the outer wheel will need to rotate more quickly relative to the differential, and the inner wheel will rotate more slowly than the differential. Friction in the differential will oppose motion, and that will work to slow the faster side and 'speed up' the slower/inner side. This leads to asymmetric torque distributions in drive wheels, matching the TBR. Cornering in this manner will reduce the torque applied to the outer tire, leading to possibly greater cornering power, unless the inner wheel is overpowered (which is easier to do than with an open differential). When the inner tire (which has less traction due to weight transfer from lateral acceleration) is overpowered, it angularly accelerates up to the outer wheel speed (small percent wheel spin) and the differential locks, and if the traction difference does not exceed the TBR, the outer wheel will then have a higher torque applied to it. If the traction difference exceeds the TBR, the outer tire gets the tractive torque of the inner wheel multiplied by the TBR, and the remaining applied torque to the differential contributes to wheel spin up.

    When a Torsen differential is employed, the slower-moving wheel always receives more torque
    Torque

    Torque is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis . Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
     than the faster-moving wheel. The Torsen T-2R RaceMaster is the only Torsen to have a preload clutch
    Clutch

    A clutch is a mechanism for transmitting rotation, which can be engaged and disengaged. Clutches are useful in devices that have two rotating shafts....
    . So even if a wheel is airborne torque is applied to the other side. If one wheel were raised in the air, the regular Torsens would act like an open differential and no torque would be transferred to the other wheel. This is where the parking brake 'trick' can help out. If the parking brake is applied, assuming that the parking brake applies even resistance to each side, the drag to the airborne side is 'multiplied' through the differential and TBR times the drag torque is applied to the other side. So the ground side would see (TBR X drag torque) minus drag torque, and hopefully that can help restore progress either forward/backwards. In Hummer/HMMWV applications, there are both front and rear torsen differentials, so use of the main brakes will operate this 'trick' on both axles simultaneously.

    Notable Torsen users

    One of the most famous uses of Torsen differentials are in many of the various Audi
    Audi

    AUDI AG, is a Germany car manufacturer which produces cars under the Audi brand, . The name Audi is based on a latin translation of the last name of the founder August "Horch", itself the German word for ?hear." Another explanation for the origin of the name is as an acronym for ?Auto Union Deutschland Ingolstadt."...
     quattro models, notably excluding the A3 & S3
    Audi A3

    The Audi A3 is an entry-level luxury car/small family car produced by the Germany automaker Audi since 1996. Two generations of A3 exist, both based on the Volkswagen Group A platform, which they share with several other models such as the Audi TT, Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Caddy and Volkswagen Touran as well as ?koda Octavia and SEAT Le?n...
     and TT
    Audi TT

    The Audi TT is a sports car manufactured by Audi since 1998 in Gyor, Hungary, now in its second generation — and available as a 2+2 coup? or two-seater roadster....
     (which have transverse-mounted engines
    Transverse engine

    A transverse engine is an engine in which the crankshaft is oriented side-to-side relative to the length of the vehicle. This is also sometimes called an east-west engine....
     and use Haldex Traction 4WD systems).

    It is also used, for example, in the Toyota Supra
    Toyota Supra

    The Toyota Supra is a sports car/grand tourer that was produced by Toyota from 1979 to 2002. The styling of the Toyota Supra was derived from the Toyota Celica, but it was both longer and wider....
     and Toyota Soarer
    Toyota Soarer

    The Toyota Soarer was a personal luxury car Grand tourer coup? sold by Toyota in Japan from 1981 to 2004. The Soarer d?buted in 1981 with the Z10 series, replacing the Toyota Crown, which took the form of an angular two-door coup?....
     (or Lexus SC430
    Lexus SC

    The Lexus SC series is a personal luxury car coup? sold by Lexus since 1991. The SC features a FR layout design and seating for up to four passengers....
    ), the B5 platform revision of the Volkswagen Passat
    Volkswagen Passat

    The Volkswagen Passat is a family car built by Volkswagen through six design generations since 1973. Falling between the Volkswagen Golf/Volkswagen Jetta and Volkswagen Phaeton in the current Volkswagen line-up, the Passat has been badged variously as Dasher, Santana, Quantum, Magotan, Corsar and Carat....
     4motion
    4motion

    4motion is a registered trademark of Volkswagen Group, used for naming four-wheel drive systems, used exclusively on Volkswagen-branded automobiles....
     (based upon the Audi A4
    Audi A4

    The Audi A4 is a compact executive car produced by the Germany automaker Audi since 1994. The first generation A4 succeeded the Audi 80.It is available as a sedan or a station wagon ....
    ), and some versions of the Mazda MX-5/Miata. The Lancia Delta Integrale, as well as the 1999-2002 model Pontiac Firebird
    Pontiac Firebird

    The Pontiac Firebird was built by the Pontiac division of General Motors between 1967 and 2002.The Firebird was introduced the same year as its platform-sharing cousin, the Chevrolet Camaro....
     and Chevrolet Camaro
    Chevrolet Camaro

    The Chevrolet Camaro is a pony car manufactured by the Chevrolet division of General Motors. It went on sale on September 29, 1966 for the 1967 model year and was designed as a competing model to the Ford Mustang....
    , had a Torsen differential.

    The HMMWV or Humvee
    High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle

    The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle is a military Four-wheel drive motor vehicle created by AM General. It has largely supplanted the roles formerly served by the M151 1/4 ton MUTT, the Gama Goat, their M718A1 and M792 ambulance versions, the CUCV, and other light trucks with the Military of the United States, as well as being...
     uses two Torsens, front and rear, with a normal manually lockable center differential (NVG242HD AMG transfer case) in the center.

    Torsen applications


    Center

    • Alfa Romeo
      Alfa Romeo

      Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is an Italian automaker founded on 24 June 1910 in Milan. Alfa Romeo has been a part of the Fiat Group since 1986....
      : 156 Crosswagon & Sportwagon
      Alfa Romeo 156

      The Alfa Romeo 156 is a compact executive car introduced by Italy automaker Alfa Romeo at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show as the replacement for the Alfa Romeo 155....
      , 159
      Alfa Romeo 159

      The Alfa Romeo 159 is a compact executive car produced by the Italy manufacturer Alfa Romeo since 2005. The 159 was introduced in production form at the 2005 Salon International de l'Auto as a replacement for the successful Alfa Romeo 156....
      , Brera & Spider Q4
      Alfa Romeo Brera

      The Alfa Romeo Brera is a grand tourer produced by the Italy automaker Alfa Romeo since 2005. The Spider Cabriolet has been produced since 2006....
    • quattro versions of Audi
      Audi

      AUDI AG, is a Germany car manufacturer which produces cars under the Audi brand, . The name Audi is based on a latin translation of the last name of the founder August "Horch", itself the German word for ?hear." Another explanation for the origin of the name is as an acronym for ?Auto Union Deutschland Ingolstadt."...
      :
      • Audi Quattro
        Audi Quattro

        The Audi Quattro is a road and rallying, produced by the Germany automotive industry Audi, part of the Volkswagen Group. It was the first four-wheel drive grand tourer since the Jensen FF of 1966....
      • Audi 80 & 90
        Audi 80

        The Audi 80 is a compact executive car produced by the Germany automotive industry Audi, from 1966 to 1996. It initially shared its platform with the Volkswagen Passat, and was available as a sedan and an Avant ....
        , Audi S2 & RS2, Audi RS2 Avant
        Audi RS2 Avant

        The Audi RS2 Avant was a limited edition, high performance Audi station wagon, sold from 1994 to 1996. Collaboratively designed by Audi and Porsche, and built on Audi's Audi 80, it was the company's first "Audi S and RS models" vehicle, and the first of their high performance Avants; it used the most powerful and most thoroughly develo...
      • Audi 100 / Audi 200 / Audi 5000
        Audi 100

        The Audi 100 and Audi 200 are mid-sized automobiles from Audi , made between 1968 and 1994. The C3 model of the Audi 100 was sold in the United States as the Audi 5000 until 1988....
      • Audi Coupé quattro
        Audi coupe quattro

        The Audi Coup? quattro was introduced in very late 1984, and was based on the updated Audi Coupe GT, introduced in the Autumn of 1984.The updated GT was given a new sloped radiator grille and headlights, large wrap-around bumpers with integrated spotlights and turn signals, plastic sill covers, and the large rear spoiler from the Audi Quat...
      • Audi A4
        Audi A4

        The Audi A4 is a compact executive car produced by the Germany automaker Audi since 1994. The first generation A4 succeeded the Audi 80.It is available as a sedan or a station wagon ....
        , Audi S4
        Audi S4

        The Audi S4 name was originally used for the high performance sport version of the Audi 100 automobile and has subsequently been used for similar versions of the Audi A4 series....
        , Audi RS4
        Audi RS4

        The Audi RS4 quattro is the top tier and highest performing version of the Audi A4 range of automobile. It is a sports car compact executive car produced by quattro GmbH, in limited numbers, for Germany automotive industry - Audi, part of the larger Volkswagen Group....
      • Audi A5 & S5
        Audi A5

        The Audi A5 and S5 is a luxury car sports car produced by the Germany automobile manufacturer Audi since 2007. The Audi A5 was unveiled simultaneously at the Salon International de l'Auto and Melbourne International Motor Show on March 6, 2007....
      • Audi A6
        Audi A6

        The Audi A6 is an executive car car produced by the Germany automaker Audi. It is available in sedan and station wagon body styles. The second and third generation A6 were also used as the basis for the Audi allroad quattro and A6 allroad quattro models respectively....
        , Audi S6
        Audi S6

        The Audi S6 is a high-performance version of the Audi A6, an executive car produced by German automotive industry Audi. It went on sale in 1994, shortly after the "A6" designation was introduced, replacing the Audi 100 nameplate....
        , Audi RS6
        Audi RS6

        The Audi RS6 quattro, commonly referred to as the RS6, is the highest performing version, and top-of-the-line specification of the Audi A6, positioned above the Audi S6....
      • Audi A8
        Audi A8

        The Audi A8 is a full-size luxury vehicle built by the Germany automotive industry Audi, to replace the Audi V8 as its Flagship#Automotive. First brought to the market in 1994, most versions of the A8 have featured quattro permanent four-wheel drive as standard, as well as a multitronic or Tiptronic automatic transmission....
        , Audi S8
        Audi S8

        The Audi S8 quattro is a high-performance version of the Germany automotive industry Audi's list of flagship vehicles by manufacturer, the Audi A8....
      • A6 allroad quattro
        Audi Allroad Quattro

        The Audi allroad quattro and Audi A6 allroad quattro are station wagon executive cars, produced by Germany automaker Audi since 1999. Based on the Audi A6 Avant, the A6 allroad quattro remains in production for Europe, but not for North America as of December, 2008....
      • Audi Q7
        Audi Q7

        The Audi Q7 is a full-size luxury SUV produced by Germany automaker Audi since its unveiling at the Los Angeles Auto Show in January 2006....
      • Audi R8
      • Audi V8
        Audi V8

        The Audi V8 is a large luxury sedan built by Audi of Germany from 1988 to 1994 as the company's range-topping model, and was the first Audi to use its namesake engine configuration....
         (manual transmission)
    • Chevrolet TrailBlazer SS
      Chevrolet TrailBlazer

      The Chevrolet TrailBlazer is a mid-size Sport utility vehicle produced by the Chevrolet division of United States automaker General Motors. It was introduced in 1999 as an upscale trim line of the Chevrolet S-10 Blazer....
    • Lexus
      Lexus

      is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Toyota. First introduced in 1989 in the United States, where Lexus has become the highest-selling make of luxury car, today Lexus vehicles are available throughout the world....
       GX 470
      Lexus GX

      The Lexus GX is a mid-size Luxury vehicle-type sport utility vehicle sold in North American markets by Lexus since 2003. The Lexus GX 470 was first introduced in the United States at the North American International Auto Show in 2002 as a 2003 model, and subsequently became the third SUV to enter Lexus' lineup....
      , LS 600h / LS 600h L
      Lexus LS

      The Lexus LS is a full-size car luxury vehicle Sedan that serves as the Flagship car model of Lexus. The original Lexus LS 400, the first Lexus to be developed, was introduced as the luxury marque's debut model in 1989....
    • Range Rover
      Range Rover

      The Range Rover is a four-wheel drive luxury sport utility vehicle produced by Land Rover in the United Kingdom, owned by the India-based Tata Motors....
       L322
    • Toyota: 4runner
      Toyota 4Runner

      The Toyota 4Runner, is an SUV manufactured by Toyota and sold throughout the world from 1984 to the present. The original 4Runner was a compact SUV and a little more than a Toyota pickup truck with a fiberglass shell over the bed, but the model has since undergone significant independent development into a mid-size SUV....
      , FJ Cruiser
      Toyota FJ Cruiser

      The Toyota FJ Cruiser is a retro-style compact SUV produced by Toyota introduced as a concept at the 2003 Chicago Auto Show and in production form at the following North American International Auto Show....
       (only manual models)
    • Volkswagen Passat
      Volkswagen Passat

      The Volkswagen Passat is a family car built by Volkswagen through six design generations since 1973. Falling between the Volkswagen Golf/Volkswagen Jetta and Volkswagen Phaeton in the current Volkswagen line-up, the Passat has been badged variously as Dasher, Santana, Quantum, Magotan, Corsar and Carat....
       (badged as 4motion
      4motion

      4motion is a registered trademark of Volkswagen Group, used for naming four-wheel drive systems, used exclusively on Volkswagen-branded automobiles....
      ) (B5 platform)


    Center and rear

    • Audi V8
      Audi V8

      The Audi V8 is a large luxury sedan built by Audi of Germany from 1988 to 1994 as the company's range-topping model, and was the first Audi to use its namesake engine configuration....
       with manual transmission


    Front and rear axles

    • HMMWV or Humvee
      High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle

      The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle is a military Four-wheel drive motor vehicle created by AM General. It has largely supplanted the roles formerly served by the M151 1/4 ton MUTT, the Gama Goat, their M718A1 and M792 ambulance versions, the CUCV, and other light trucks with the Military of the United States, as well as being...
    • Subaru Impreza STI
      Subaru Impreza

      The Subaru Impreza is a compact car that was first introduced by Subaru in 1993."Impreza" is a coined word, deriving from an originally Italian language word, impresa, meaning a feat or achievement....


    Front axle only

    • Honda/Acura Integra
      Honda Integra

      The Honda Integra, a car sold as an Acura in North America and as a Honda elsewhere, is a sporty front-wheel drive vehicle sold both as a sedan and hatchback....
       Type R
      Honda Type R

      Honda automobile Type R models are special performance editions of their respective model families.The design of Type R models was originally focused on race conditions, with an emphasis on minimizing weight, and maximizing performance potential ....
    • Alfa Romeo
      Alfa Romeo

      Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is an Italian automaker founded on 24 June 1910 in Milan. Alfa Romeo has been a part of the Fiat Group since 1986....
      : GT
      Alfa Romeo GT

      The Alfa Romeo GT is a sports car produced by the Italy automaker Alfa Romeo since 2004. The GT was introduced in March 2003 Geneva Motor Show and it came for sale in Italian markets January 2004....
      , 147 Q2
      Alfa Romeo 147

      The Alfa Romeo 147 is a small family car produced by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo since 2000. The 147 was also voted European Car of the Year for 2001....
    • Honda Civic Si
      Honda Civic Si

      The Honda Civic Si is a sport compact / hot hatch version of the Honda Civic built by the Japanese automaker Honda. The Si trim, which stands for "Sport Injected", was introduced for the third generation of Honda Civics in both Japan and North America, and at the time signified the most powerful Civic available in market ....
       (06-current)
    • Honda Civic
      Honda Civic

      The Honda Civic is a line of subcompact car/compact cars manufactured by Honda. In the United States of America, the Civic is the second-longest continuously-running nameplate from a Japanese manufacturer; only the Toyota Corolla, introduced in 1968, has been in production longer....
       vti 1.8
    • Ford Focus RS
      Ford Focus RS

      The Ford Focus RS is a low-volume Hot hatchback of the Ford_Focus_%28International%29#Ford_Focus_Mark_1_.281998.E2.80.932004.29 Ford Focus , available in 21 European countries....
    • Nissan Sentra
      Nissan Sentra

      The Nissan Sentra is a compact car made by automaker Nissan Motors and is generally a rebadged export version of the Japanese Nissan Sunny. The name "Sentra" is not used in Japan, where it is currently known as Nissan Bluebird....
       SE-R Spec-V
    • Oldsmobile Calais W41
      Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais

      The Oldsmobile Calais, renamed the Cutlass Calais for 1988, was a compact car produced by the Oldsmobile division of General Motors from 1985 through 1991....
       (7 cars equipped from the factory, C41 option code)
    • Oldsmobile Achieva W41
      Oldsmobile Achieva

      The Oldsmobile Achieva was introduced in 1992 and was a front-wheel drive compact car based on the GM N platform with Pontiac Grand Am, Buick Skylark, Oldsmobile Cutlass, and Chevrolet Malibu....
       (7-10 cars equipped from the factory, C41 option code)
    • Rover 200 Coupe Turbo, 200 BRM/LE, 220 Turbo , 420 Turbo , 620 Ti , 820 Vitesse (200PS version only)
    • Mazdaspeed 3
    • Honda Accord
      Honda Accord

      The Honda Accord is the series of midrange automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, and sold in most automotive markets throughout the world....
       Type R
      Honda Type R

      Honda automobile Type R models are special performance editions of their respective model families.The design of Type R models was originally focused on race conditions, with an emphasis on minimizing weight, and maximizing performance potential ....


    Rear axle only

    • Audi V8
      Audi V8

      The Audi V8 is a large luxury sedan built by Audi of Germany from 1988 to 1994 as the company's range-topping model, and was the first Audi to use its namesake engine configuration....
       with automatic transmission
    • Alfa Romeo
      Alfa Romeo

      Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. is an Italian automaker founded on 24 June 1910 in Milan. Alfa Romeo has been a part of the Fiat Group since 1986....
      : 155 Q4
      Alfa Romeo 155

      The Alfa Romeo 155 is a compact executive car produced under the Italy Alfa Romeo marque between 1992 and 1998....
      , 164 Q4
      Alfa Romeo 164

      The Alfa Romeo 164 was an executive car with sedan body, produced by the Italy automaker Alfa Romeo from 1988 to 1997.The 164 was re-badged as the 168 for the Hong Kong and Malaysian markets, as the number "164" had a very negative connotation , and "168" has quite the opposite ....
    • Citroen BX
      Citroën BX

      The Citro?n BX is a large family car that was produced by the French manufacturer Citro?n between 1983 and 1994. In total, 2,315,739 BXs were built during its 12-year history....
       4x4 with ABS
    • Ford Ranger FX4
      Ford Ranger

      Ford Ranger is a name used on two distinct compact pickup truck lines by the Ford Motor Company and by a marketing arrangement with Mazda.* A Ford-designed compact pickup truck, which is sold and manufactured in North America as well as Brazil, Chile and Argentina....
       2002 only, Ranger FX4 Level II 2003-2008
    • Honda S2000
      Honda S2000

      The Honda S2000 is a roadster manufactured by the Japanese automaker Honda. It was launched in April 1999 and was created to celebrate the company's 50th anniversary....
    • Hyundai Genesis Coupe
      Hyundai Genesis Coupe

      The Hyundai Genesis Coupe is a rear-wheel drive sports coupe from Hyundai Motor Company, released on October 13, 2008 for the South Korea market....
    • Lancia Delta Integrale
    • Lexus IS300
    • Mazda
      Mazda

      is a Japanese automaker based in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It is part owned by the Ford Motor Company.During 2007, Mazda produced almost 1.3 million vehicles for global sales....
      : Miata/MX-5
      Mazda MX-5

      The Mazda MX-5, also known as Miata in North America and Roadster in Japan, is a two-seater roadster sports car built by Mazda in Hiroshima, Japan – introduced in 1989 and now in its third generation....
       (94-00 manual models), RX-7
      Mazda RX-7

      The Mazda RX-7 is a sports car produced by the Japanese automaker Mazda from 1978 to 2002. The original RX-7 featured a twin-rotor Wankel engine and a sporty FMR layout, rear-wheel drive layout....
      , RX-8
      Mazda RX-8

      The Mazda RX-8 is a sports car manufactured by Mazda. It first appeared in 2001 at the North American International Auto Show. It is the successor to the Mazda RX-7 and, like its predecessors in the RX range, it is powered by a Mazda Wankel engine....
    • Peugeot 405
      Peugeot 405

      The Peugeot 405 is a large family car released by the France automaker Peugeot in July 1987 and which continues to be manufactured under license outside France....
       4x4 with ABS (same as Citroen BX 4x4)
    • Subaru Impreza WRX STI
      Subaru Impreza WRX STI

      The Subaru Impreza STI is the highest standard-edition trim in the Subaru Impreza compact car line, produced by Japanese automaker Subaru.In the late 1980s, Subaru created the Subaru Tecnica International division to coordinate development for the FIA World Rally Championship and other motorsports activities....
       (2007)
    • Toyota Supra
      Toyota Supra

      The Toyota Supra is a sports car/grand tourer that was produced by Toyota from 1979 to 2002. The styling of the Toyota Supra was derived from the Toyota Celica, but it was both longer and wider....
      , Toyota Soarer
      Toyota Soarer

      The Toyota Soarer was a personal luxury car Grand tourer coup? sold by Toyota in Japan from 1981 to 2004. The Soarer d?buted in 1981 with the Z10 series, replacing the Toyota Crown, which took the form of an angular two-door coup?....
      , Toyota Aristo, Toyota Mark II
      Toyota Mark II

      The Toyota Mark II is a model name used by Toyota Motor Corporation for several decades.The first Mark II, called the Toyota Corona Mark II was an upscale version of the Toyota Corona sedan sold by Toyota....
      , Toyota Chaser
      Toyota Chaser

      The Toyota Chaser is a mid-size 4 door sedan produced by the Toyota Motor Company, Japan. It's a derivative of Toyota Mark II, and only officially sold in Japan....
      , Toyota Cresta
      Toyota Cresta

      The Toyota Cresta was an rear wheel drive 4-door hardtop made by Toyota launched in 1980 that shared a chassis with the Toyota Mark II and the Toyota Chaser....
      , Toyota Verossa
      Toyota Verossa

      The Toyota Verossa was a sedan-style automobile produced by the Toyota Motor Company of Japan. It was primarily purchased within Japan, as it was never officially exported for sale in other countries....
    • Pontiac Firebird
      Pontiac Firebird

      The Pontiac Firebird was built by the Pontiac division of General Motors between 1967 and 2002.The Firebird was introduced the same year as its platform-sharing cousin, the Chevrolet Camaro....
       4th Generation, only years 1999-2002
    • Chevrolet Camaro
      Chevrolet Camaro

      The Chevrolet Camaro is a pony car manufactured by the Chevrolet division of General Motors. It went on sale on September 29, 1966 for the 1967 model year and was designed as a competing model to the Ford Mustang....
       4th Generation, only years 1999-2002
    • Subaru Legacy spec.B


    See also

    • Limited slip differential
      Limited slip differential

      A limited slip differential is a modified or derived type of differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in rotational velocity of the output shafts, but does not allow the difference in speed to increase beyond a preset amount....
    • Haldex Traction


    External links

      • (PDF)