Topography (disambiguation)
Encyclopedia
Topography may refer to:
- Cartography, geology and oceanography
- TopographyTopographyTopography is the study of Earth's surface shape and features or those ofplanets, moons, and asteroids...
, the study of the current terrain features of a region and the graphic representation (cartographic relief depictionCartographic relief depictionTerrain or relief is an essential aspect of physical geography, and as such its portrayal presents a central problem in cartography, and more recently GIS and 3D Visualization....
) of the landform on a map. This is distinct from geomorphologyGeomorphologyGeomorphology is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them...
, the study of the processes involved in creation of terrain landforms. - Topography as the study of place, distinguished from the above by focusing not on the physical shape of the surface, but on all details that distinguish a place. Includes both textual and graphic descriptions.
- Ocean surface topographyOcean surface topographyThe ocean surface has highs and lows, similar to the hills and valleys of Earth's land surface depicted on a topographic map. These variations, called "ocean surface topography" or "dynamic sea surface topography" are mapped using measurements of sea surface height relative to Earth's geoid...
, the difference between the surface of the ocean and the geoid - Inverted topographyInverted topographyInverted topography or topographic inversion refers to landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features. It most often occurs when low areas of a landscape become filled with lava or sediment that hardens into material that is more resistant to erosion than the...
, landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features - Karst topographyKarst topographyKarst topography is a geologic formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite, but has also been documented for weathering resistant rocks like quartzite given the right conditions.Due to subterranean drainage, there...
, a three-dimensional landscape shaped by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite - Topographic prominenceTopographic prominenceIn topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height, shoulder drop , or prime factor , categorizes the height of the mountain's or hill's summit by the elevation between it and the lowest contour line encircling it and no higher summit...
, a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks - Shuttle Radar Topography MissionShuttle Radar Topography MissionThe Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is an international research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale from 56° S to 60° N, to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth prior to the release of the ASTER GDEM in 2009...
, a research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale from 56 °S to 60 °N, to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth to date - Topographic mapTopographic mapA topographic map is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both natural and man-made features...
s
- Topography
- Medicine
- The location of features in the body, see human brain and topographical codesTopographical codesIn medicine, "topographical codes" are codes that indicate a specific location in the body.-Examples:Only the first of these is a system dedicated only to topography. The others are more generalized systems that contain topographic axes.* Nomina Anatomica * ICD-O* SNOMED* MeSH...
- Corneal topographyCorneal topographyCorneal topography, also known as photokeratoscopy or videokeratography, is a non-invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea, the outer structure of the eye...
, a non-invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea, the outer structure of the eye
- The location of features in the body, see human brain and topographical codes
- Society and beliefs
- Christian TopographyChristian TopographyThe Christian Topography is a 6th-century work, one of the earliest essays in scientific geography written by a Christian author. It was originally written as five books by Cosmas Indicopleustes and expanded to ten to twelve books around 550 AD...
, a 6th century book written by Cosmas Indicopleustes which advances the idea that the world is flat
- Christian Topography
- Art
- Topographical views
- New Topographics, an exhibition of photographic art in which the landscape was depicted complete with the alterations of humans
- Topography of TerrorTopography of TerrorThe Topography of Terror is an outdoor museum in Berlin, the capital of Germany. It is located in Niederkirchnerstrasse, formerly Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse, on the site of buildings which during the Nazi regime from 1933 to 1945 were the headquarters of the Gestapo and the SS, the principal...
, an outdoor museum in Berlin
- Physics
- Diffraction topographyDiffraction topographyDiffraction topography is an X-ray imaging technique based on Bragg diffraction.Diffraction topographic images record the intensity profile of a beam of X-rays diffracted by a crystal....
, an X-ray imaging technique based on Bragg diffraction, in which diffraction from a crystal is recorded on film or by detector, resulting in topographic images (topographs)
- Diffraction topography
- Technology
- The detailed design of a semiconductor integrated circuit, see integrated circuit layout design protectionIntegrated circuit layout design protectionLayout designs of integrated circuits are a field in the protection of intellectual property.Like most of the other forms of intellectual property, IC layout designs are creations of the human mind. They are usually the result of an enormous investment, both in terms of the time of highly...
and the Integrated Circuit Topography ActIntegrated Circuit Topography ActThe Integrated Circuit Topography Act is legislation passed by the Parliament of Canada in 1990 that regulates the intellectual property of integrated circuit topographies. It came into force in 1993...
- The detailed design of a semiconductor integrated circuit, see integrated circuit layout design protection
- Birds
- The study of feather tracts, see the list of terms used in bird topography