Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations
Encyclopedia
Title 40 is a part of the United States Code of Federal Regulations
. Title 40 arranges mainly environmental regulations that were promulgated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), based on the provisions of United States laws (statutes of the U.S. Federal Code
). Parts of the regulation may be updated annually on July 1.
(Parts 1510 - 1518)
Code of Federal Regulations
The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules and regulations published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government of the United States.The CFR is published by the Office of the Federal Register, an agency...
. Title 40 arranges mainly environmental regulations that were promulgated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), based on the provisions of United States laws (statutes of the U.S. Federal Code
United States Code
The Code of Laws of the United States of America is a compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal laws of the United States...
). Parts of the regulation may be updated annually on July 1.
Chapter I - Environmental Protection Agency
- Subchapter A - General (Parts 1 - 29)
- Subchapter B - Grants and Other Federal Assistance (Parts 30 - 49)
- Subchapter C - Air Programs (Parts 50 - 97) (Clean Air ActClean Air ActA Clean Air Act is one of a number of pieces of legislation relating to the reduction of airborne contaminants, smog and air pollution in general. The use by governments to enforce clean air standards has contributed to an improvement in human health and longer life spans...
)- National Ambient Air Quality StandardsNational Ambient Air Quality StandardsThe National Ambient Air Quality Standards are standards established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under authority of the Clean Air Act that apply for outdoor air throughout the country...
(NAAQS)- Criteria air contaminantsCriteria air contaminantsCriteria air contaminants , or criteria pollutants, are a set of air pollutants that cause smog, acid rain and other health hazards. The laws and regulations of different polities may define different sets. CACs are typically emitted from many sources in industry, mining, transportation,...
- Criteria air contaminants
- Requirements for Preparation, Adoption and Submittal of Implementation PlansState Implementation PlanA State Implementation Plan is a United States state plan for complying with the federal Clean Air Act, administered by the Environmental Protection Agency...
- Approval and Promulgation of Implementation PlansState Implementation PlanA State Implementation Plan is a United States state plan for complying with the federal Clean Air Act, administered by the Environmental Protection Agency...
- Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods
- Prior Notice of Citizen Suits
- Outer Continental Shelf Air Regulations
- Regional Consistency
- Primary Nonferrous Smelter Orders
- Ambient Air Quality Surveillance
- National Volatile Organic Compound Emission Standards for Consumer and Commercial Products
- Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources (NSPS)
- National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air PollutantsNational Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air PollutantsThe National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants are emissions standards set by the United States EPA for an air pollutant not covered by NAAQS that may cause an increase in fatalities or in serious, irreversible, or incapacitating illness...
(NESHAP) - Approval and Promulgation of State Plans for Designated Facilities and Pollutants
- Compliance Assurance Monitoring
- Consolidated Federal Air Rule
- Assessment and Collection of Noncompliance Penalties by EPA
- EPA Approval of State Noncompliance Penalty Program
- Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions
- Special Exemptions From Requirements of the Clean Air Act
- State Operating Permit Programs
- Federal Operating Permit Programs
- Permits Regulation
- Sulfur DioxideSulfur dioxideSulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula . It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel...
Allowance System - Sulfur Dioxide Opt-Ins
- Continuous Emission Monitoring
- Acid RainAcid rainAcid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions . It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen...
Nitrogen Oxides Emission Reduction Program - Excess Emissions
- Appeal Procedures
- Registration of Fuels and Fuel AdditivesGasoline additiveGasoline additives increase gasoline's octane rating or act as corrosion inhibitors or lubricants, thus allowing the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and power, however some carry heavy environmental risks...
- Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives
- Designation Of Areas for Air Quality Planning Purposes
- Protection of Stratospheric OzoneOzone layerThe ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone . This layer absorbs 97–99% of the Sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to the life forms on Earth...
- Control of Air Pollution From Mobile Sources
- Control of Emissions From New and In-Use Highway VehiclesMotor vehicleA motor vehicle or road vehicle is a self-propelled wheeled vehicle that does not operate on rails, such as trains or trolleys. The vehicle propulsion is provided by an engine or motor, usually by an internal combustion engine, or an electric motor, or some combination of the two, such as hybrid...
and Engines - Control of Air Pollution From Aircraft and Aircraft EnginesAircraft engineAn aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines...
- Clean-FuelBiofuelBiofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation. Biofuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion, as well as solid biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases...
Vehicles - Control of Emissions From New and In-Use Nonroad Compression-Ignition EnginesDiesel engineA diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...
- Control of Emissions From Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts
- Control of Emissions From Marine Spark-Ignition EnginesOutboard motorAn outboard motor is a propulsion system for boats, consisting of a self-contained unit that includes engine, gearbox and propeller or jet drive, designed to be affixed to the outside of the transom and are the most common motorized method of propelling small watercraft...
- Control of Air Pollution From Locomotives and Locomotive Engines
- Determining Conformity of Federal Actions to State or Federal Implementation Plans
- Control of Emissions From Marine Compression-Ignition EnginesDiesel engineA diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...
- Mandatory Patent Licenses
- NOx Budget Trading ProgramEmissions tradingEmissions trading is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants....
and CAIR NOx And SO2 Trading Programs for State Implementation Plans - Federal NOx Budget Trading ProgramEmissions tradingEmissions trading is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants....
and CAIR NOx and SO2 Trading Programs
- National Ambient Air Quality Standards
- Subchapter D - Water Programs (Parts 100 - 149)
- Clean Water ActClean Water ActThe Clean Water Act is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution. Commonly abbreviated as the CWA, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that...
- Public Hearings on Effluent Standards for Toxic Pollutants
- Recognition Awards Under the Clean Water Act
- Employee Protection Hearings
- Criteria for State, Local and Regional Oil Removal Contingency Plans
- Discharge of OilOil spillAn oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is mostly used to describe marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters...
- Oil PollutionOil spillAn oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is mostly used to describe marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters...
Prevention - Liability Limits for Small Onshore Storage Facilities
- Designation of Hazardous Substances
- Determination of Reportable Quantities For Hazardous Substances
- State Certification of Activities Requiring a Federal License or Permit
- EPA-Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
- State Program Requirements
- Procedures for Decisionmaking
- Criteria and Standards for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
- Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards
- Water Quality Planning and Management
- Water Quality Standards
- Water Quality Guidance for the Great Lakes System
- Secondary Treatment Regulation
- Prior Notice of Citizen Suits
- Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for the Analysis of PollutantsAnalytical chemistryAnalytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Qualitative analysis gives an indication of the identity of the chemical species in the sample and quantitative analysis determines the amount of...
- Marine Sanitation Device Standard
- Safe Drinking Water ActSafe Drinking Water ActThe Safe Drinking Water Act is the principle federal law in the United States intended to ensure safe drinking water for the public. Pursuant to the act, the Environmental Protection Agency is required to set standards for drinking water quality and oversee all states, localities, and water...
- National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
- National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Implementation
- National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
- Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program
- State UIC Program Requirements
- Underground Injection Control Program: Criteria and Standards
- State Underground Injection Control Programs
- Hazardous Waste Injection Restrictions
- Sole Source Aquifers
- Standards on the Maximum Contaminant LevelMaximum Contaminant LevelMaximum Contaminant Levels are standards that are set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water quality. An MCL is the legal threshold limit on the amount of a substance that is allowed in public water systems under the Safe Drinking Water Act...
of drinking water (microorganismMicroorganismA microorganism or microbe is a microscopic organism that comprises either a single cell , cell clusters, or no cell at all...
s, virusVirusA virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...
es, turbidityTurbidityTurbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality....
, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, disinfectants and disinfection byproducts, radionuclideRadionuclideA radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma...
s )
- Clean Water Act
- Subchapter E - PesticidePesticidePesticides are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest.A pesticide may be a chemical unicycle, biological agent , antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest...
Programs (Parts 150 - 180)- Worker protection standards and enforcement by the Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationOccupational Safety and Health AdministrationThe United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration is an agency of the United States Department of Labor. It was created by Congress of the United States under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, signed by President Richard M. Nixon, on December 29, 1970...
- Tolerances and exemptions from tolerances for pesticide chemicals in food
- Standards for certification of commercial and private applicators
- Worker protection standards and enforcement by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Subchapter F - Radiation Protection Programs (Parts 190 - 197)
- Environmental radiation protection standards for nuclear power operations
- Management and disposal of spent nuclear fuelNuclear fuelNuclear fuel is a material that can be 'consumed' by fission or fusion to derive nuclear energy. Nuclear fuels are the most dense sources of energy available...
, high-level and transuranic radioactive wastes - Protection standards for uraniumUraniumUranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
and thoriumThoriumThorium is a natural radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 and named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder....
mill tailingTailingsTailings, also called mine dumps, slimes, tails, leach residue, or slickens, are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction of an ore...
s - RadonRadonRadon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as the decay product of uranium or thorium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days...
programs
- Subchapter G - Noise Abatement Programs (Parts 201 - 211)
- Noise emission standards for transportation equipment
- Product noise labeling
- Subchapter H - Ocean Dumping (Parts 220 - 238) based on the Ocean Dumping Ban ActMarine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries ActMarine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 or Ocean Dumping Act is one of several key environmental laws passed by the US Congress in 1972. The Act has two essential aims: to regulate intentional ocean disposal of materials, and to authorize any related research...
- ocean dumping, dredge and fill permit application process
- Subchapter I - Solid Wastes (Parts 239 - 282) based on the Resource Conservation and Recovery ActResource Conservation and Recovery ActThe Resource Conservation and Recovery Act , enacted in 1976, is the principal Federal law in the United States governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste.-History and Goals:...
(RCRA)- Guidelines for the thermal processing (incinerationIncinerationIncineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and...
) of solid wastes - Guidelines for the storage and collection of residential, commercial, and institutional solid waste
- Criteria for classification of solid waste disposal facilities and practices
- Criteria for municipal solid waste landfills
- Identification and listing of hazardous waste
- Technical standards and corrective action requirements for owners and operators of underground storage tankUnderground storage tankAn Underground Storage Tank , in United States environmental law, is a tank and any underground piping connected to the tank that has at least 10 percent of its combined volume underground.-Tank types:...
s (UST)
- Guidelines for the thermal processing (incineration
- Subchapter J - SuperfundSuperfundSuperfund is the common name for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 , a United States federal law designed to clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances...
(Parts 300 - 374) based on the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know ActEmergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know ActThe Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 is a United States federal law passed by the 99th United States Congress located at Title 42, Chapter 116 of the U.S. Code, concerned with emergency response preparedness....
(EPCRA)- Hazardous substances designation, reportable quantities, and notification
- Hazardous chemical reporting: Community right-to-know
- Toxic chemical release reporting: Community right-to-know
- Subchapter N - Effluent GuidelinesEffluent guidelinesEffluent guidelines are U.S. national standards for wastewater discharges to surface waters and publicly owned treatment works . The United States Environmental Protection Agency issues effluent guidelines for categories of industrial sources of water pollution under Title III of the Clean Water...
and Standards (Parts 400 - 471) (Clean Water ActClean Water ActThe Clean Water Act is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution. Commonly abbreviated as the CWA, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that...
)- General pretreatment regulations for existing and new sources of pollution
- Point sourcePoint sourceA point source is a localised, relatively small source of something.Point source may also refer to:*Point source , a localised source of pollution**Point source water pollution, water pollution with a localized source...
categories:- Dairy productDairy productDairy products are generally defined as foods produced from cow's or domestic buffalo's milk. They are usually high-energy-yielding food products. A production plant for such processing is called a dairy or a dairy factory. Raw milk for processing comes mainly from cows, and, to a lesser extent,...
s processing - Grain mills
- Canned and preserved fruits and vegetables processing
- Canned and preserved seafoodSeafoodSeafood is any form of marine life regarded as food by humans. Seafoods include fish, molluscs , crustaceans , echinoderms . Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are also seafood, and are widely eaten around the world, especially in Asia...
processing - Sugar processingSugar refineryA sugar refinery is a factory which refines raw sugar.Many cane sugar mills produce raw sugar, i.e. sugar with more colour and therefore more impurities than the white sugar which is normally consumed in households and used as an ingredient in soft drinks, cookies and so forth...
- Textile mills
- Cement manufacturingCement kilnCement kilns are used for the pyroprocessing stage of manufacture of Portland and other types of hydraulic cement, in which calcium carbonate reacts with silica-bearing minerals to form a mixture of calcium silicates...
- Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO)
- ElectroplatingElectroplatingElectroplating is a plating process in which metal ions in a solution are moved by an electric field to coat an electrode. The process uses electrical current to reduce cations of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of the material, such as a metal...
- Organic chemicals, plastics, and synthetic fibersChemical industryThe chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials into more than 70,000 different products.-Products:...
(OCPSF) - Inorganic chemicalChemical industryThe chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials into more than 70,000 different products.-Products:...
s manufacturing - SoapSoapIn chemistry, soap is a salt of a fatty acid.IUPAC. "" Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. . Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford . XML on-line corrected version: created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN...
and detergentDetergentA detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with "cleaning properties in dilute solutions." In common usage, "detergent" refers to alkylbenzenesulfonates, a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are less affected by hard water...
manufacturing - FertilizerFertilizerFertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. A recent assessment found that about 40 to 60% of crop yields are attributable to commercial fertilizer use...
manufacturing - Petroleum refining
- Iron and steel manufacturingSteel millA steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel.Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is produced in a two-stage process. First, iron ore is reduced or smelted with coke and limestone in a blast furnace, producing molten iron which is either cast into pig iron or...
- Nonferrous metals manufacturingMetallurgyMetallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. It is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to their practical use...
- Phosphate manufacturingChemical industryThe chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials into more than 70,000 different products.-Products:...
- Steam electric power generating
- FerroalloyFerroalloyFerroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other element, manganese or silicon for example. It is used in the production of steels and alloys as a raw material.The main ferroalloys are:*FeAl – ferroaluminum...
manufacturing - Leather tanning and finishingTanningTanning is the making of leather from the skins of animals which does not easily decompose. Traditionally, tanning used tannin, an acidic chemical compound from which the tanning process draws its name . Coloring may occur during tanning...
- Glass manufacturing
- AsbestosAsbestosAsbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals used commercially for their desirable physical properties. They all have in common their eponymous, asbestiform habit: long, thin fibrous crystals...
manufacturing - Rubber manufacturingRubber plantRubber plant may mean:* Para rubber tree - a major commercial source of natural rubber* Castilla elastica - a source of rubber for the ancient Maya people* Ficus elastica - common ornamental plant...
- Timber products processing
- PulpPulp millA pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fibre source into a thick fibre board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical or fully chemical methods...
, paperPaper millA paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier machine or other type of paper machine.- History :...
, and paperboardPaperboardPaperboard is a thick paper based material. While there is no rigid differentiation between paper and paperboard, paperboard is generally thicker than paper. According to ISO standards, paperboard is a paper with a basis weight above 224 g/m2, but there are exceptions. Paperboard can be single... - Meat and poultry productsSlaughterhouseA slaughterhouse or abattoir is a facility where animals are killed for consumption as food products.Approximately 45-50% of the animal can be turned into edible products...
- Metal finishingMachiningConventional machining is a form of subtractive manufacturing, in which a collection of material-working processes utilizing power-driven machine tools, such as saws, lathes, milling machines, and drill presses, are used with a sharp cutting tool to physical remove material to achieve a desired...
- Coal mining
- OilOil wellAn oil well is a general term for any boring through the earth's surface that is designed to find and acquire petroleum oil hydrocarbons. Usually some natural gas is produced along with the oil. A well that is designed to produce mainly or only gas may be termed a gas well.-History:The earliest...
and gas extraction - Minerals miningMiningMining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...
and processing - Centralized waste treatmentIndustrial wastewater treatmentIndustrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use....
- Metal products and machineryMachiningConventional machining is a form of subtractive manufacturing, in which a collection of material-working processes utilizing power-driven machine tools, such as saws, lathes, milling machines, and drill presses, are used with a sharp cutting tool to physical remove material to achieve a desired...
- Pharmaceutical manufacturingPharmaceutical companyThe pharmaceutical industry develops, produces, and markets drugs licensed for use as medications. Pharmaceutical companies are allowed to deal in generic and/or brand medications and medical devices...
- Ore miningMiningMining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or seam. The term also includes the removal of soil. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, rock...
and dressing (Hard rock mining) - Transportation equipment cleaningTank truckA tank truck or road tanker is a motor vehicle designed to carry liquefied loads, dry bulk cargo or gases on roads. The largest such vehicles are similar to railroad tank cars which are also designed to carry liquefied loads...
- PavingAsphalt plantAn asphalt plant is a plant used for the manufacture of asphalt, macadam and other forms of coated roadstone, sometimes collectively known as blacktop....
and roofing materialsAsphalt shingleAn asphalt shingle is a type of roof shingle. They are one of the most widely used roofing covers because they are relatively inexpensive and fairly simple to install.-Types:...
(Tars and asphalt) - Waste combustors
- LandfillLandfillA landfill site , is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment...
s - PaintPaintPaint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. One may also consider the digital mimicry thereof...
formulating - InkInkInk is a liquid or paste that contains pigments and/or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing and/or writing with a pen, brush, or quill...
formulating - Concentrated aquatic animal production (Aquaculture)
- Gum and wood chemicals manufacturingChemical industryThe chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials into more than 70,000 different products.-Products:...
- Pesticide chemicalsChemical industryThe chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials into more than 70,000 different products.-Products:...
- Explosives manufacturingFilling FactoriesA Filling Factory was a munitions factory which specialised in filling various munitions, such as bombs, shells, cartridges, pyrotechnics, screening smokes, etc...
- Carbon blackCarbon blackCarbon black is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, and a small amount from vegetable oil. Carbon black is a form of amorphous carbon that has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, although its...
manufacturing - Photographic processingPhotographic processingPhotographic processing is the chemical means by which photographic film and paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image...
- Hospitals
- Battery manufacturingBattery (electricity)An electrical battery is one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first battery in 1800 by Alessandro Volta and especially since the technically improved Daniell cell in 1836, batteries have become a common power...
- Plastics moldingPlastics engineeringPlastics engineering encompasses the processing, design, development, and manufacture of plastics products. A plastic is a polymeric material that is in a semi-liquid state, having the property of plasticity and exhibiting flow. The nature of plastic materials poses unique challenges to an engineer...
and forming - Metal moldingFoundryA foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and removing the mold material or casting after the metal has solidified as it cools. The most common metals processed are aluminum and cast iron...
and CastingCastingIn metalworking, casting involves pouring liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowing it to cool and solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process...
(Foundries) - Coil coating
- Porcelain enamelingVitreous enamelVitreous enamel, also porcelain enamel in U.S. English, is a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between 750 and 850 °C...
- Aluminum formingFabrication (metal)Fabrication as an industrial term refers to building metal structures by cutting, bending, and assembling. The cutting part of fabrication is via sawing, shearing, or chiseling ; torching with handheld torches ; and via CNC cutters...
- Copper formingFabrication (metal)Fabrication as an industrial term refers to building metal structures by cutting, bending, and assembling. The cutting part of fabrication is via sawing, shearing, or chiseling ; torching with handheld torches ; and via CNC cutters...
- ElectricalElectronic componentAn electronic component is a basic electronic element and may be available in a discrete form having two or more electrical terminals . These are intended to be connected together, usually by soldering to a printed circuit board, in order to create an electronic circuit with a particular function...
and electronicElectronicsElectronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies...
components - Nonferrous metals forming and metal powdersFabrication (metal)Fabrication as an industrial term refers to building metal structures by cutting, bending, and assembling. The cutting part of fabrication is via sawing, shearing, or chiseling ; torching with handheld torches ; and via CNC cutters...
- Dairy product
- Subchapter O - Sewage Sludge (Parts 501 - 503) (Clean Water ActClean Water ActThe Clean Water Act is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution. Commonly abbreviated as the CWA, the act established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic substances into water, eliminating additional water pollution by 1985, and ensuring that...
) - Subchapter Q - Energy PolicyEnergy policyEnergy policy is the manner in which a given entity has decided to address issues of energy development including energy production, distribution and consumption...
(Parts 600 - 610) - Subchapter R - Toxic Substances Control ActToxic Substances Control ActThe Toxic Substances Control Act is a United States law, passed by the United States Congress in 1976, that regulates the introduction of new or already existing chemicals. It grandfathered most existing chemicals, in contrast to the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals ...
(Parts 700 - 799) - Subchapter U - Air Pollution Controls (Parts 1039 - 1068)
- Clean Air Act (1970)
- Clean Air Act (1990)
Chapter V - Council on Environmental Quality
- National Environmental Policy ActNational Environmental Policy ActThe National Environmental Policy Act is a United States environmental law that established a U.S. national policy promoting the enhancement of the environment and also established the President's Council on Environmental Quality ....
(Parts 1500 to 1509)
(Parts 1510 - 1518)