The
Tisza or
Tisa is one of the main rivers of
Central EuropeCentral Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
. It rises in
UkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
, and is formed near
RakhivRakhiv is a city located in the Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Rakhiv Raion .- Demographics :As of 2001, the city population was 15,241 inhabitants which included: * 83.8% Ukrainians...
by the junction of headwaters White Tisa, whose source is in the
Chornohora mountainsChornohora is the highest mountain range in Western Ukraine in the Eastern Beskids and the Ukrainian Carpathians group, which in turn is part of the Outer Eastern Carpathians....
and Black Tisa, which springs in the
GorganyGorgany is a mountain range in Western Ukraine in Outer Eastern Carpathians, adjacent to Chornohora range. The highest peak of Gorgany is Syvulia with the other high peaks including Ihrovyshche, Vysoka and Grofa. The mountains are made of flysch rock, mostly sandstone, which create typical for...
range. It flows roughly along the
RomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
n border and enters
HungaryHungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
at
TiszabecsTiszabecs is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.-Geography:It covers an area of and has a population of 1055 people ....
; after passing through Hungary it flows into the
DanubeThe Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
in north
SerbiaSerbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
(
VojvodinaVojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
). There, it forms the boundary between the regions of
BačkaBačka is a geographical area within the Pannonian plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east of which confluence is located near Titel...
and
BanatThe Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania , the western part in northeastern Serbia , and a small...
. The river also forms short portions of the border between Hungary and Ukraine and between Hungary and Serbia.
The Tisza
drainsA drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
an area of about 156087 km² (60,265.5 sq mi) and has a length of 965 km (599.6 mi)—the biggest
catchmentA drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
and length of any of Danube
tributariesA tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean...
. With the mean annual
dischargeIn hydrology, discharge is the volume rate of water flow, including any suspended solids , dissolved chemical species and/or biologic material , which is transported through a given cross-sectional area...
of 792 m3/s, its contribution to the Danube's total
runoffSurface runoff is the water flow that occurs when soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain, meltwater, or other sources flows over the land. This is a major component of the water cycle. Runoff that occurs on surfaces before reaching a channel is also called a nonpoint source...
is about 13%.
Names for the river in the countries it flows through are:; (
Tysa);; (ˈtisɒ); (tîsa).
The river was known as the
Tisia in antiquity, and
LatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
names for it included
Tissus,
Tisia,
Pathissus (
PlinyGaius Plinius Secundus , better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian...
,
Naturalis historia, 4.25). In the
Serbian-Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
and
Slovak languageSlovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people...
s, it is called
Tisa. It may be referred to as the
Theiss in older English references, after the German name for the river.
Attila the HunAttila , more frequently referred to as Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire, which stretched from the Ural River to the Rhine River and from the Danube River to the Baltic Sea. During his reign he was one of the most feared...
is said to have been buried under a diverted section of the river Tisza.
Regulation
The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be 1419 km. It flowed through the
Great Hungarian PlainThe Great Hungarian Plain is a plain occupying the southern and eastern part of Hungary, some parts of the Eastern Slovak Lowland, southwestern Ukraine, the Transcarpathian Lowland , western Romania , northern Serbia , and eastern Croatia...
, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since
plainIn geography, a plain is land with relatively low relief, that is flat or gently rolling. Prairies and steppes are types of plains, and the archetype for a plain is often thought of as a grassland, but plains in their natural state may also be covered in shrublands, woodland and forest, or...
s can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large floods in the area.
After several small-scale attempts,
István SzéchenyiSzéchenyi committed suicide by a shot to his head on April 8, 1860. All Hungary mourned his death. The Academy was in official mourning, along with the most prominent persons of the leading political and cultural associations...
organised the "regulation of the Tisza" which started on August 27, 1846 and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was 966 km, with 589 km of "dead channels" and 136 km of new riverbed.
The resultant length of the flood-protected river comprises 2,940 km (out of 4,220 km of all Hungarian protected rivers) which forms one of the largest flood protection systems in Europe; larger than the
NetherlandsThe Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
' 1,500 km, the
Po RiverThe Po |Ligurian]]: Bodincus or Bodencus) is a river that flows either or – considering the length of the Maira, a right bank tributary – eastward across northern Italy, from a spring seeping from a stony hillside at Pian del Re, a flat place at the head of the Val Po under the northwest face...
's 1,400 km, or the
Loire ValleyThe Loire Valley , spanning , is located in the middle stretch of the Loire River in central France. Its area comprises approximately . It is referred to as the Cradle of the French Language, and the Garden of France due to the abundance of vineyards, fruit orchards, and artichoke, asparagus, and...
's 480 km.
"Lake Tisza"
In the 1970s the building of the Kisköre Reservoir started with the purpose of helping to control floods as well as storing water for drought seasons. It turned out, however, that the resulting
Lake TiszaLake Tisza , also known as Kisköre Reservoir , is the largest artificial lake in Hungary. It is located at the southeastern edge of Heves county, next to counties Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hajdú-Bihar and Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok.As part of the ongoing Tisza River flood control project, it was built in 1973...
became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary, since it had similar features to
Lake BalatonLake Balaton is a freshwater lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of its foremost tourist destinations. As Hungary is landlocked , Lake Balaton is often affectionately called the "Hungarian Sea"...
at drastically cheaper prices and it was not crowded.
Navigation
The Tisza is navigable over much of its course. The river opened up for international navigation only recently; before, Hungary distinguished "national rivers" and "international rivers", indicating whether non-Hungarian vessels were allowed or not. After Hungary joined the
European UnionThe European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
, this distinction was lifted and vessels were allowed on the Tisza.
Conditions of navigation differ with the circumstances: when the river is in flood, it is often unnavigable, just as it is at times of extreme drought. (Source:
NoorderSoft Waterway Database)
Pollution
In early 2000, there was a sequence of serious pollution incidents originating from accidental industrial discharges in Romania. The first, in January 2000, occurred when there was a release of sludge containing
cyanideA cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the cyano group, -C≡N, which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. Cyanides most commonly refer to salts of the anion CN−. Most cyanides are highly toxic....
from a Romanian mine and killed 2000 tons of fish. The second, from a mine pond at Baia Borsa, northern Romania, resulted in the release of 20,000 cubic metres of sludge containing
zincZinc , or spelter , is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2...
,
leadLead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed...
and
copperCopper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
occurred in early March 2000. A week later, the third spill occurred at the same mining site at Baia Borsa, staining the river black, possibly including heavy metals.
This series of incidents were described at the time as the most serious environmental disaster to hit eastern Europe since the
Chernobyl disasterThe Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine , which was under the direct jurisdiction of the central authorities in Moscow...
. Use of river water for any purpose was temporarily banned and the Hungarian government pressed the Romanians and the
European UnionThe European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
to close all installations that could lead to further pollution.
Examination of river sediments indicates that pollution incidents from mines have occurred for over a century.
Tributaries and sub-tributaries
- Čik
The Čik or Čiker is a river in northern Serbia...
(near Bačko Petrovo SeloBačko Petrovo Selo is a village located in the Bečej municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
)
- Jegrička
The Jegrička , is a river in northern Serbia, in the Bačka region of the Vojvodina province, a 65 km-long left tributary to the Tisa river, often erroneously referred to as the longest river in Vojvodina.The Jegrička originates south of the Pivnice village, in the central Bačka and flows in the...
(near ŽabaljŽabalj is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. Žabalj town has a population of 9,582, and Žabalj municipality 27,418. It is located in southeastern part of Bačka, known as Šajkaška.-Name:...
)
- Begej
The Bega is a 254 km long river in Romania and Serbia...
(near TitelTitel is a town and municipality in the South Bačka District of the Vojvodina, Serbia. The town of Titel has a population of 5,831, while the population of the municipality of Titel is 16,936...
)
- Mureș
The Mureș is an approximately 761 km long river in Eastern Europe. It originates in the Hășmașu Mare Range in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania, and joins the Tisza river at Szeged in southeastern Hungary....
(in Szeged' is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county town of Csongrád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary....
)
- Arieş
The Arieș is a tributary of Mureș River in Transylvania, Romania.Most probably "Arieș" means "Gold River" in Dalmatian which is thought to be very similar to the Dacian language. It is concluded that the Romanian name most probably derives from the Dacian name of the river...
(near Gura Arieşului)
- Târnava
The Târnava is a river in Romania. It is formed by the confluence of the Târnava Mare and Târnava Mică in the town of Blaj. The Târnava flows into the Mureş River after 28 km, near the town of Teiuş.- Etymology :...
(near TeiuşTeius is a genus of lizards that belong to the family Teiidae.-Classification:Genus Teius*Teius oculatus*Teius suquiensis*Teius teyou...
)
- Târnava Mare
The Târnava Mare River is a river in Romania. Its source is in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, near the sources of the Mureş and Olt in Harghita County. It flows through the Romanian counties of Harghita, Mureş, Sibiu, and Alba. The cities of Odorheiu Secuiesc, Sighişoara, and Mediaş lie on the...
(in BlajBlaj is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 20,758 inhabitants.The landmark of the city is the fact that it was the principal religious and cultural center of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church in Transylvania....
)
- Târnava Mică
The Târnava Mică River is a river in Romania. Its source is in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, in Harghita County. It flows through the Romanian counties Harghita, Mureş, and Alba, more or less parallel to and north from the Târnava Mare River. The cities of Sovata and Târnăveni lie on the...
(in Blaj)
- Körös
Körös is the name of a 195 km long river in eastern Hungary. It is formed at the confluence of the rivers Fehér-Körös and Fekete-Körös near Gyula. The Sebes-Körös flows into the Körös near Gyomaendrőd...
(near CsongrádCsongrád is a town in Csongrád County in southern Hungary. Formerly, the city also had the alternate Slavic name of Černigrad, which, like the Hungarian version, means "Black Castle" or "Black Town".-History:...
)
- Sebes-Körös (near Gyoma)
- Berettyó
The Barcău River or Bereteu River is a river which has its origin in Sălaj County, Romania. It has a length of 134 kilometers and a watershed area of 2,025 km²...
(in SzeghalomSzeghalom is a town in Békés county, in southeastern Hungary. It is located at around .Szeghalom's football club is in the regional 1 league.It has a stadium with capicities over 500 people.-External links:*...
)
- Crișul Alb (near Gyula
Gyula is a city in Békés county in south-eastern Hungary. It lies close to the border with Romania, on the river Fehér-Körös.-History:The first recorded reference to Gyula was in a document dated 1313 which mentions a monastery called Gyulamonostor . By 1332 the settlement around the monastery was...
)
- Crișul Negru (near Gyula)
- Zagyva
The Zagyva is a river in Hungary. Its length is 160 km, and drains an area of about 5,677 km². The source is near Salgótarján in Nógrád county. It flows through the towns of Bátonyterenye, Pásztó, Hatvan and Jászberény and flows into the Tisza River at Szolnok. Average discharge at Szolnok is 9 m³/s....
(in SzolnokSzolnok is the county seat of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in central Hungary. Its location on the banks of the Tisza river, at the heart of the Great Hungarian Plain, has made it an important cultural and economic crossroads for centuries....
)
- Sajó
The Sajó is a river in Slovakia and Hungary.Its length is 229 km, of which 110 km is in Slovakia. Its source is in the Stolica Mountains range of the Slovak Ore Mountains. It flows through the Slovak town Rožňava and the Hungarian city Miskolc. In Hungary it flows through the county of...
(in TiszaújvárosTiszaújváros is an industrial town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, south-east of Miskolc, near the river Tisza.Tiszaújváros owes its existence to the industrialization wave that took over the then-socialist Hungary after World War II...
)
- Hernád (near Miskolc
Miskolc is a city in northeastern Hungary, mainly with heavy industrial background. With a population close to 170,000 Miskolc is the fourth largest city of Hungary It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.- Geography :Miskolc is located...
)
- Bodrog
The Bodrog is a river in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary. It is a tributary to the river Tisza. The Bodrog is formed by the confluence of the rivers Ondava and Latorica near Zemplin in eastern Slovakia...
(in TokajTokaj , is a historical town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 54 kilometers from county capital Miskolc. It is the centre of the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district where the world famous Tokaji wine is produced.- History :...
)
- Ondava
The Ondava is a 146.5 km long river in Slovakia, the northern source river of the Bodrog. Its source is in the Low Beskids , near the village Nižná Polianka, close to the border with Poland...
(near CejkovCejkov is a village and municipality in the Trebišov District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.-Geography:The village lies at an altitude of 172 metres and covers an area of 20.845 km².It has a population of about 1210 people.-Facilities:...
)
- Latorica (near Cejkov)
- Laborec (near Oborin
Oborín is a village and large municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.-Geography:The village lies at an altitude of 104 metres and covers an area of 43.782 km². The municipality has a population of about 700 people....
)
- Uzh
The Uzh is a river in Ukraine and Slovakia. Its name comes from the ancient west slavic dialect word už, meaning "Snake", ....
(near Pavlovce nad UhomPavlovce nad Uhom is a village and municipality in Michalovce District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.-Geography:The village lies at an altitude of 108 metres and covers an area of 33.420 km²....
)
- Cirocha
Cirocha is a 56.6 km long river and tributary of Laborec in eastern Slovakia. It raises in the Bukovské vrchy mountains under the Ruské sedlo saddle at the Slovak-Polish border, flowing south and west after first few kilometres into the Starina reservoir, flowing further to the municipalities of...
(in HumennéHumenné is a town in the Prešov Region in eastern Slovakia and the second largest town of the historic Zemplín region. It lies at the volcanic Vihorlat mountains and at the confluence of the Laborec and Cirocha Rivers.-Characteristics:...
)
- Stara
- Vicha
- Kerepets
- Kraszna
The Crasna or Kraszna is the name of a river in northwestern Romania and northeastern Hungary.The Crasna is a tributary of the Tisza River. Its source is in Transylvania, Romania, near the village of Crasna. It flows through the Romanian counties Sălaj and Satu Mare and the Hungarian county...
(in VásárosnaményVásárosnamény is a small town in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.It is located at around ....
)
- Someș
The river Someş flows through Romania and Hungary.It rises from two headstreams, the Someşul Mare, in the Rodna Mountains in Bistriţa-Năsăud County and the Someşul Mic in the Apuseni Mountains of Cluj County...
(near Vásárosnamény)
- Someşul Mic
The Someșul Mic River is a river in north-western Romania . It is formed at the confluence of two rivers, Someșul Cald and Someșul Rece, that come from the Apuseni Mountains...
(in DejDej is a city in northwestern Romania, 60 km north of Cluj-Napoca, in Cluj County. It lies where the Someşul Mic River meets the river Someşul Mare River...
)
- Someşul Cald
The Someşul Cald River is a headwater of the Someşul Mic River in Romania. It joins the Someşul Rece River in Lake GilăuLakes Mărişelu, Tarniţa and Someşul Cald are located on this river....
(in GilăuGilău is a commune in Cluj County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Gilău, Someşu Cald and Someşu Rece.- Demographics :According to the census from 2002 there was a total population of 7,861 people living in this town. Of this population, 83.43% are ethnic Romanians, 9.45% are ethnic...
)
- Someşul Rece
The Someşul Rece River is a headwater of the Someşul Mic River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971* Capitolul 3 Apa...
(in GilăuGilău is a commune in Cluj County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Gilău, Someşu Cald and Someşu Rece.- Demographics :According to the census from 2002 there was a total population of 7,861 people living in this town. Of this population, 83.43% are ethnic Romanians, 9.45% are ethnic...
)
- Someşul Mare
The Someșul Mare is a river in north-western Romania, originating in the Bistriţa-Năsăud County in the Rodna Mountains at the junction of two headwaters — the Preluci River/Pârâul Mariei) and the Zmeu River. The Someşul Mare flows west through Rodna, Năsăud and Beclean, until it meets the Someșul...
(in Dej)
- Şieu
The Şieu River is a tributary of the Someşul Mare River in Romania.-Towns and villages:The following towns and villages are situated along the river Şieu, from source to mouth: Şieu, Mărişelu, Şieu-Măgheruş, Şieu-Odorhei, Şintereag-Tributaries:...
(in BecleanBeclean is a town in Bistriţa-Năsăud County, in north-eastern Transylvania, Romania. It has an estimated population in 2006 of 10,889 and administers three villages: Coldău, Figa and Rusu de Jos....
)
- Bistriţa (near Bistriţa
Bistrița is the capital city of Bistriţa-Năsăud County, Transylvania, Romania. It is situated on the Bistriţa River. The city has a population of approximately 80,000 inhabitants, and it administers six villages: Ghinda, Sărata, Sigmir, Slătiniţa, Unirea and Viişoara.-History:The earliest sign of...
)
- Tur River
The Tur River is a tributary of the Tisza River. The sources are located in the Oaş Mountains in Romania. The Tur River starts at the junction of headwaters Gorova River and Turişor. The river then flows through Satu Mare County in Romania...
- Batar
The Batar is a river in Ukraine and Hungary. It is a left tributary of the river Tisza, which it joins at Tiszabecs. Its source is near the village Cherna, about 10 km east of Korolevo, in Vynohradiv Raion...
- Şugătag
The Şugătag River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971...
- Baia
The Baia River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971...
- Şaroş
The Şaroş River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971...
- Săpânţa
The Săpânţa River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania. It starts at the junction of headwaters Săpâncioara and Valea Mlăcii-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti...
- Valea Hotarului
The Valea Hotarului River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971...
- Bicu
The Bicu River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971...
- Sarasău
The Sarasău River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971...
- Valea Iepei
The Valea Iepei River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971...
- Iza
The Iza River is a tributary of the Tisa River in Romania.-References:* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971* Capitolul 3 Apa...
- Mara
The Mara River is a river in Africa, flowing through Kenya and Tanzania, and lies across the migration path of ungulates in the Serengeti/Masai Mara game reserves....
- Vişeu River
The Vişeu River in northern Romania is a tributary of Tisa River, passing through the following villages:Borşa, Moisei, Vişeu de Sus, Vişeu de Jos, Leordina, Petrova, Bistra, Valea Vişeului...
(in Valea Vişeului)
Other sources
- Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române – Cadastrul Apelor – Bucureşti
- Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie – Rîurile României – Bucureşti 1971
External links