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Tissue culture
 
 
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Tissue culture is the growth of tissues
Biological tissue

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function....
 and/or cells
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
 separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth media
Growth medium

A growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or Cell s , or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens ....
, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, while the more specific term plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture

Plant tissue culture is a practice used to propagate plants under sterile conditions, often to produce clonings of a plant. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation, including:...
 is used for plants.

introduction
In 1885 Wilhelm Roux
Wilhelm Roux

Wilhelm Roux was a Germany zoology and pioneer of experimental embryology.Roux was born and educated in Jena, Germany where he attended university and studied under Ernst Haeckel....
 removed a portion of the medulla
Medulla

Medulla refers to the middle of something, and derives from the Latin word for 'marrow' .In medicine it refers to either bone marrow, the spinal cord, or more generally, the middle part of a structure ....
ry plate of an embryo
Embryo

An embryo is a multicellular organism ploidy eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, Egg , or germination....
nic chicken
Chicken

The chicken is a Domestication fowl. Recent evidence suggests that domestication of the chicken was under way in Vietnam over 10,000 years ago....
 and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic principle of tissue culture.

In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison
Ross Granville Harrison

Ross Granville Harrison was an United States biologist and anatomist credited as the first to work successfully with artificial tissue culture....
 demonstrated the growth of frog nerve cell processes in a medium of clotted lymph.

Modern usage
In modern usage, "tissue culture" generally refers to the growth of eukaryotic
Eukaryote

Animals, plants, fungus, and protists are eukaryotes , organisms whose Cell are organized into complex structures enclosed within Cell membrane....
 cells in vitro.






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Encyclopedia


Tissue culture is the growth of tissues
Biological tissue

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function....
 and/or cells
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
 separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth media
Growth medium

A growth medium or culture medium is a liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or Cell s , or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens ....
, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, while the more specific term plant tissue culture
Plant tissue culture

Plant tissue culture is a practice used to propagate plants under sterile conditions, often to produce clonings of a plant. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation, including:...
 is used for plants.

Historical usage


introduction


In 1885 Wilhelm Roux
Wilhelm Roux

Wilhelm Roux was a Germany zoology and pioneer of experimental embryology.Roux was born and educated in Jena, Germany where he attended university and studied under Ernst Haeckel....
 removed a portion of the medulla
Medulla

Medulla refers to the middle of something, and derives from the Latin word for 'marrow' .In medicine it refers to either bone marrow, the spinal cord, or more generally, the middle part of a structure ....
ry plate of an embryo
Embryo

An embryo is a multicellular organism ploidy eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, Egg , or germination....
nic chicken
Chicken

The chicken is a Domestication fowl. Recent evidence suggests that domestication of the chicken was under way in Vietnam over 10,000 years ago....
 and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic principle of tissue culture.

In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison
Ross Granville Harrison

Ross Granville Harrison was an United States biologist and anatomist credited as the first to work successfully with artificial tissue culture....
 demonstrated the growth of frog nerve cell processes in a medium of clotted lymph.

Modern usage


In modern usage, "tissue culture" generally refers to the growth of eukaryotic
Eukaryote

Animals, plants, fungus, and protists are eukaryotes , organisms whose Cell are organized into complex structures enclosed within Cell membrane....
 cells in vitro. It is often used interchangeably with cell culture to specifically describe the in vitro culturing of sperm donor cells.

However, "tissue culture" can also be used to refer to the culturing of tissue pieces, i.e. explant culture
Explant culture

Explant culture is a technique used for the isolation of cell from a piece or pieces of biological tissue. Tissue harvested in this manner is called an explant....
 or whole organs, i.e. organ culture
Organ culture

Organ culture is a development from tissue culture methods of research, the organ culture is able to accurately model functions of an organ in various states and conditions by the use of the actual in vitro organ itself....
.

It is a tool for the study of animal cell biology in vitro model of cell growth to allow a highly selective environment which is easily manipulated (used to optimize cell signaling pathways).

See also

  • Cell culture
    Cell culture

    Cell culture is the process by which prokaryote or eukaryote cells are grown under controlled conditions. In practice the term "cell culture" has come to refer to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells....
  • Organ culture
    Organ culture

    Organ culture is a development from tissue culture methods of research, the organ culture is able to accurately model functions of an organ in various states and conditions by the use of the actual in vitro organ itself....
  • Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing
    Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing

    Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing or ECIS refers to a non-invasive biophysical approach to monitor living animal cell in vitro, i.e....


External links

  • - how-to guide for biology students
  • - way to "xerox" a plant
  • - a division of CELOS (Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname)