Timur Shah Durrani
Encyclopedia
Timur Shah Durrani , was the second ruler of the Durrani Empire
from October 16, 1772, until his death in 1793. An ethnic Pashtun
, he was the second and eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durrani
.
in 1748 had a quick rise to power by marrying the daughter of Mughal Emperor
Alamgir II
. He received Sirhind as a wedding gift and later his father Ahmad Shah Durrani made him governor of Punjab
, Kashmir
and the Sirhind district, in 1757 when he was only 9 years old. He ruled from Lahore
under the regency of his Wazir, general Jahan Khan, who administered these territories for approximately one year, from May 1757 until April 1758.
Adina Beg Khan, governor of the Julundur Doab, along with Raghunath Rao leading the Maratha empire
, forced Timur Shah and Jahan from Punjab and put in place their own government under Adina Beg Khan.
in Peshawar
as the winter capital of his Empire.
In 1776 Timur shah compelled his uncle Abdul Qadir Kahn Durrani to leave Afghanistan. Abdul Qadir Khan Durrani left Afghanistan and sent his family his wife Zarnaab Bibi, sisters Azer Khela, Unaar Khela, brother Saifullah Khan Durrani, nephews Mohammad Umer Durrani, Basheer Ahmad Khan Durrani and Shams ur Rehman Durrani and two sons, Faizullah Khan Durrani and Abdullah Khan Durrani to Akora Khattak
in present day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He himself went to Damascus
(Syria) where he (Abdul Qadir Khan Durrani) died in 1781.
began to shrink, in an attempt to move away from disaffected Pashtun tribes he shifted the capital from Kandahar to Kabul in 1776. His court was heavily influenced by Persian culture and he became reliant on the Qizilbash bodyguard for his personal protection.
Durrani Empire
The Durrani Empire was a Pashtun dynasty centered in Afghanistan and included northeastern Iran, the Kashmir region, the modern state of Pakistan, and northwestern India. It was established at Kandahar in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an Afghan military commander under Nader Shah of Persia and chief...
from October 16, 1772, until his death in 1793. An ethnic Pashtun
Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
, he was the second and eldest son of Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shah Durrani , also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī and born as Ahmad Khān, was the founder of the Durrani Empire in 1747 and is regarded by many to be the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan.Ahmad Khan enlisted as a young soldier in the military of the Afsharid kingdom and quickly rose...
.
Early life
Timur Shah was born in MashhadMashhad
Mashhad , is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world. It is also the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It is located east of Tehran, at the center of the Razavi Khorasan Province close to the borders of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Its...
in 1748 had a quick rise to power by marrying the daughter of Mughal Emperor
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
Alamgir II
Alamgir II
Aziz-ud-din Alamgir II was the Mughal Emperor of India from 3 June 1754 to 29 November 1759. He was the son of Jahandar Shah....
. He received Sirhind as a wedding gift and later his father Ahmad Shah Durrani made him governor of Punjab
Punjab region
The Punjab , also spelled Panjab |water]]s"), is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India which includes Punjab province in Pakistan and the states of the Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi...
, Kashmir
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
and the Sirhind district, in 1757 when he was only 9 years old. He ruled from Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
under the regency of his Wazir, general Jahan Khan, who administered these territories for approximately one year, from May 1757 until April 1758.
Adina Beg Khan, governor of the Julundur Doab, along with Raghunath Rao leading the Maratha empire
Maratha Empire
The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian imperial power that existed from 1674 to 1818. At its peak, the empire covered much of South Asia, encompassing a territory of over 2.8 million km²....
, forced Timur Shah and Jahan from Punjab and put in place their own government under Adina Beg Khan.
Succession
When Timur Shah succeeded his father in 1772, the regional chieftains only reluctantly accepted him, and most of his reign was spent reasserting his rule over the Durrani Empire. He was noted for his use of the Bala Hisar FortBala Hisar Fort
Bala Hisar Fort is one of the most historic places of Peshawar. The word Bala Hisar is from Persian, meaning, “elevated or high fort”. According to Dr. Hussain Khan, the name was given by the Afghan King Timur Shah Durrani...
in Peshawar
Peshawar
Peshawar is the capital of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the administrative center and central economic hub for the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan....
as the winter capital of his Empire.
In 1776 Timur shah compelled his uncle Abdul Qadir Kahn Durrani to leave Afghanistan. Abdul Qadir Khan Durrani left Afghanistan and sent his family his wife Zarnaab Bibi, sisters Azer Khela, Unaar Khela, brother Saifullah Khan Durrani, nephews Mohammad Umer Durrani, Basheer Ahmad Khan Durrani and Shams ur Rehman Durrani and two sons, Faizullah Khan Durrani and Abdullah Khan Durrani to Akora Khattak
Akora Khattak
Akora Khattak is a city along the Peshawar-Rawalpindi road, in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.-Birthplace of Khushal Khan Khattak:Akora Khattak is the birth place and burial place of the famous poet Khushal Khan Khattak...
in present day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He himself went to Damascus
Damascus
Damascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
(Syria) where he (Abdul Qadir Khan Durrani) died in 1781.
Changes in rule
During his reign, the Durrani EmpireDurrani Empire
The Durrani Empire was a Pashtun dynasty centered in Afghanistan and included northeastern Iran, the Kashmir region, the modern state of Pakistan, and northwestern India. It was established at Kandahar in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an Afghan military commander under Nader Shah of Persia and chief...
began to shrink, in an attempt to move away from disaffected Pashtun tribes he shifted the capital from Kandahar to Kabul in 1776. His court was heavily influenced by Persian culture and he became reliant on the Qizilbash bodyguard for his personal protection.
