Timeline of United States diplomatic history

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Timeline of United States diplomatic history

18th century

• 1776 - Declaration of Independence
  United States Declaration of Independence
  
  The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the Thirteen Colonies then at war with Kingdom of Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire....
   adopted on July 4
• 1776 - Three commissioners sent to Europe to negotiate treaties
• 1777 - European officers recruited to Continental Army
  Continental Army
  
  The American Continental Army was an army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States. Established by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 15, 1775, the army was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their struggle against the rule of Kingdom...
  , including Marquis de La Fayette
  Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette
  
  Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de la Fayette was a French military officer born in the province of Auvergne in south central France....
  , Johann de Kalb
  Johann de Kalb
  
  Johann von Robaii, Baron de Kalb was a Germans soldier who served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War....
  , Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
  Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
  
  Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben was a Kingdom of Prussia army officer who served as inspector general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War....
  , and Tadeusz Kosciuszko
  Tadeusz Kosciuszko
  
  Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kosciuszko of Roch III Coat of Arms was a Poland military leader who is regarded as a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States....
  
• 1777 - France decides to recognize America in December after victory
  Battle of Saratoga
  
  The Battles of Saratoga in September and October 1777 were decisive Continental Army victories in the American Revolutionary War, resulting in the surrender of an entire British army of over 6,000 men invading New York from Canada....
   at Saratoga
  Saratoga, New York
  
  Saratoga is a town in Saratoga County, New York, New York, United States. The population was 5,141 at the 2000 census. It is also the commonly used, but not official, name for the neighboring and much larger city, Saratoga Springs....
  , New York
• 1778 - Treaty of Allies
  Treaty of Alliance (1778)
  
  The Franco-American Alliance was a Military alliance between France and the Second Continental Congress, representing the United States government, signed in Paris by French and U.S....
  . America and France agreed to come to each others aid in event of a British attack from the present time and forever; abrogated in 1800.
• 1778 - Carlise Peace Commission sent by Great Britain; offers Americans all the terms they sought in 1775, but not independence; rejected
• 1779 - Spain enters the war
  American Revolution
  
  The American Revolution refers to the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrew the governance of the British Empire and then rejected the British monarchy to become the sovereign United States of America....
   as an ally of France (but not of America); John Jay
  John Jay
  
  John Jay was an United States politician, statesman, Patriot , diplomat, a Founding Fathers of the United States, President of the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779 and, from 1789 to 1795, the first Chief Justice of the United States....
   appointed minister to Spain; he obtains money but not recognition
• 1779 - John Adams
  John Adams
  
  John Adams was an Politics of the United States and the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States , after being the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States for two terms....
   sent to Paris, France to negotiate peace terms with Great Britain
• 1780 - Russia
  Russian Empire
  
  File:Russian Emperor Flag.jpgFile:Romanov Flag.svgThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917....
   proclaims "armed neutrality" which helps Allies
• 1780-81 - Russia and Austria propose peace terms; rejected by Adams
• 1781 - Benjamin Franklin
  Benjamin Franklin
  
  Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and Printer , Satire, list of political philosophers, politician, scientist, inventor, activism, statesman, and diplomacy....
  , Henry Laurens
  Henry Laurens
  
  Henry Laurens was an United States merchant and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the American Revolutionary War....
   and Thomas Jefferson
  Thomas Jefferson
  
  Thomas Jefferson was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States , the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence , and one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States....
   named to assist Adams in peace negotiations; Congress
  United States Congress
  
  The United States Congress is the Bicameralism legislature of the Federal government of the United States of the United States of America, consisting of two houses, the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives....
   insists on independence; all else is negotiable
• 1782 - Holland
  Netherlands
  
  The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
   recognizes American independence and signs treaty of commerce and friendship; Dutch bankers loan $
  United States dollar
  
  The United States dollar is the unit of currency of the United States and was defined by the Coinage Act of 1792 to be between 371 and 416 grains of silver ....
  2 million for war supplies
• 1783 - Treaty of Paris
  Treaty of Paris (1783)
  
  The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ratified by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784 and by the King of Great Britain on April 9, 1784 , formally ended the American Revolutionary War between the Kingdom of Great Britain and United States, which had rebelled against British rule starting in 1775....
   ends Revolutionary War; U.S. boundaries confirmed as Canada on north, Mississippi River
  Mississippi River
  
  The Mississippi River is the longest river in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico....
   on west, Florida
  Florida
  
  Florida is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast....
   on south.
• 1784 - British allow trade with America but forbid some American food exports to West Indies
  Caribbean
  
  The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
  ; British exports to America reach £
  Pound sterling
  
  ----The pound sterling , subdivided into 100 pence , is the currency of the United Kingdom, its Crown dependency and the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and British Antarctic Territory....
  3.7 million, imports only £750,000; imbalance causes shortage of gold
  Gold
  
  Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal, having been used as money, as a store of value, in jewelry, in sculpture, and for ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history....
   in U.S.
• 1784 - New York-based merchants open the China trade, followed by Salem
  Salem, Massachusetts
  
  Salem is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 40,407 at the 2000 census. It and Lawrence, Massachusetts are the county seats of Essex County....
  , Boston
  Boston, Massachusetts
  
  Boston is the State capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is considered the economic and cultural center of the region, and is sometimes regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England." Boston city proper had a 2007 est...
  , Philadelphia
  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  
  Philadelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population city in the United States. It is the fifth-largest metropolitan area and fourth-largest urban area by population in the United States, the nation's fourth-largest consumer media market as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research, and the 49th-most...
   merchants
• 1785 - Adams appointed first minister to Court of Saint James
  Court of St. James's
  
  The Court of St. James's is the name of the royal court of the United Kingdom....
   (Great Britain); Jefferson replaces Franklin as minister to France
• 1789 - Jay-Gardoqui Treaty
  Jay-Gardoqui Treaty
  
  The Jay-Gardoqui Treaty of 1789 between the United States and Spain guaranteed Spain's exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 30 years....
   with Spain, gave Spain exclusive right to navigate Mississippi River for 30 years; not ratified because of western opposition.
• 1793-1815 - Major worldwide war
  French Revolutionary Wars
  
  The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts, from 1792 until 1802, fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states....
   between Great Britain and France (and their allies); America neutral until 1812 and does business with both sides
• 1795 - Jay Treaty
  Jay Treaty
  
  The Jay Treaty, also known as Jay's Treaty and the Treaty of London of 1794, between the United States and Kingdom of Great Britain averted war, solved many issues left over from the American Revolution, and opened ten years of largely peaceful trade in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars....
   with Britain. Averts war, opens 10 years of peaceful trade with Britain, fails to settle neutrality issues; British eventually evacuate western forts; boundary lines and debts (in both directions) to be settled by arbitration. Barely approved by Senate
  United States Senate
  
  The United States Senate is the upper house of the Bicameralism United States Congress, the lower house being the United States House of Representatives....
   (1795) after revision; intensely opposed, became major issue in formation of First Party System
  First Party System
  
  The First Party System is a term of periodization used by some political scientists and historians to describe the political system existing in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824....
  
• 1795 - Treaty of Madrid
  Pinckney's Treaty
  
  Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain....
   established boundaries with the Spanish colonies of Florida and Louisiana
  Louisiana
  
  The State of Louisiana is a U.S. state located in the U.S. Southern States of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans....
   and guaranteed navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
• 1796 - Treaty of Tripoli; peace treaty with Barbary state of Tripoli
  Tripoli
  
  Tripoli is the largest and Capital city of Libya.Tripoli has a population of 1.69 million. The city is located in the northwest of the country on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean Sea and forming a bay....
  ; America says government
  Federal government of the United States
  
  The Federal Government of the United States is the central current reigning United States governmental body, established by the United States Constitution....
   is non-religious
  Irreligion
  
  File:Irreligion map.pngFile:Religion in the world.PNGFile:Believers - Religion map 2005.svgFile:Religious importance.pngIrreligion is an absence of religion, indifference to religion, or hostility to religion....
   in origin and practice; violated in 1801 by the Basha
  Pasha
  
  Pasha or pacha, formerly bashaw, was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors and generals....
   of Tripoli which led to the Tripolitanian War
  First Barbary War
  
  The First Barbary War , also known as the Barbary Coast War or the Tripolitan War, was the first of two Barbary Wars fought between the United States and the North African states known collectively as the Barbary States....
  .
• 1797 - XYZ Affair
  XYZ Affair
  
  The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident that almost led to war between the United States and France. The scandal inflamed U.S. public opinion and led to the passage of the ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS of 1798 ....
  ; humiliation by French diplomats; threat of war with France.
• 1798-1800 - Quasi-War
  Quasi-War
  
  The Quasi-War was an undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. In the United States, the conflict is sometimes also referred to as the Undeclared War with France, The Pirate Wars, or the Half-War....
  ; undeclared naval
  Navy
  
  A navy is the branch of a nation's military forces principally designated for naval warfare and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions....
   war with France.

19th century

• 1800 - Treaty of Mortefontaine
  Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine)
  
  The Convention of 1800 was a meeting between the United States of America and France to settle the hostilities that had erupted during the Quasi-War....
   with France ends the Quasi-War and ends alliance of 1778
• Early 1800s - Barbary Wars
  Barbary Wars
  
  The Barbary Wars were two wars between the United States and Barbary States in North Africa in the early 19th century. At issue was the pirates' demand of tribute from American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean Sea....
  : Algiers
  Algiers
  
  Algiers Nicknamed El-Bahdja or Alger la Blanche for the glistening white of its buildings as seen rising up from the sea, Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea....
  , Morocco
  Morocco
  
  Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 34 million and an area just under 447,000 km2....
  , Tripoli
  Tripoli
  
  Tripoli is the largest and Capital city of Libya.Tripoli has a population of 1.69 million. The city is located in the northwest of the country on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean Sea and forming a bay....
  , and Tunis
  Tunis
  
  Tunis is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis Governorate, with a population of 1 200,000 in 2008 and over 3,980,500 in the municipal area....
   require America to pay protection money; U.S. Navy
  United States Navy
  
  The United States Navy is the navy of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy currently has approximately 331,682 personnel on active duty as of 31 December 2008 and 124,000 in the United States Navy Reserve....
   sent in and forces abandonment of tribute; other states demanded tribute until 1815 when Stephen Decatur
  Stephen Decatur
  
  Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr was an United States Navy officer notable for his heroism in the Barbary Wars and in the War of 1812. He was the youngest man to reach the rank of captain in the history of the United States Navy, and the first American celebrated as a national military hero who had not played a role in the American Revolution....
   again prevailed.
• 1803 - Louisiana Purchase
  Louisiana Purchase
  
  The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America of of the French territory Louisiana in 1803. The U.S. paid 60 million French franc plus cancellation of debts worth 18 million francs , a total cost of $15,000,000 for the Louisiana territory....
   from France for $15,000,000.
• 1806 - Essex Case; British reverse policy and seize American ships trading with French colonies; America responds with Non-Importation Act stopping imports of some items from Great Britain
• 1806 - Napoleon
  Napoleon I of France
  
  Napoleon Bonaparte later known as Emperor Napoleon I, was a military and political leader of France whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century....
   issues Berlin Decree
  Berlin Decree
  
  The Berlin Decree was issued by Napoleon on November 21, 1806, following the French success against Prussia at the battle of Jena. The decree forbade the import of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland goods into European countries allied with or dependent upon France, and installed the Continental System in Europe....
  , a paper blockade of Great Britain
• 1806 - Monroe-Pinkney Treaty
  Monroe-Pinkney Treaty
  
  The Monroe-Pinkney Treaty of 1806 was a treaty drawn up by diplomats of the United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as a renewal of the Jay Treaty of 1795....
   with Great Britain; rejected by Jefferson
• 1807-09 - Embargo Act
  Embargo Act of 1807
  
  BackgroundOn June 21, 1807, in an event known as the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair, the American frigate USS Chesapeake was fired upon and was boarded near Norfolk by the British warship HMS Leopard ....
  , inclusive to all shipping exports.
• 1807-12 - Impressment of 6,000 sailors from American ships with U.S. citizenship into the Royal Navy
  Royal Navy
  
  The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British Armed Forces . From the mid-18th century until well into the 20th century, it was the most powerful navy in the world, playing a key part in establishing the British Empire as the dominant world power from 1815 until the early 1940s....
  ; Great Britain ignores vehement American protests
• 1812 - America declares war on Great Britain, beginning the War of 1812
  War of 1812
  
  The War of 1812, between the United States of America and the British Empire , was fought from 1812 to 1815.There were several immediate stated causes for the U.S....
  .
• 1814 - December 24: Treaty of Ghent
  Treaty of Ghent
  
  The Treaty of Ghent , signed on December 24, 1814, in Ghent, currently in Belgium, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland....
   ended the War of 1812
  War of 1812
  
  The War of 1812, between the United States of America and the British Empire , was fought from 1812 to 1815.There were several immediate stated causes for the U.S....
  , providing status quo ante bellum; Great Britain no longer needs impressment and stops
• 1819 - Adams-Onís Treaty
  Adams-Onís Treaty
  
  The Adams-On?s Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819, settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain....
  : Spain ceded Florida to America for $5,000,000; America agrees to assume claims against Spain, America gives up claims to Texas
  Texas
  
  Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
  .
• 1823 - Monroe Doctrine
  Monroe Doctrine
  
  The Monroe Doctrine is a United States policy introduced on December 2, 1823, which said that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention....
  . British propose America join in stating that European powers will not be permitted further American colonization. President
  President of the United States
  
  The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition....
   James Monroe
  James Monroe
  
  James Monroe was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida ; the Missouri Compromise , in which Missouri was declared a slave state; the admission of Maine in 1820 as a free state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine , declaring U.S....
   states it on December 2 as independent American policy.
• 1833 - Argentina
  Argentina
  
  Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
  . U.S. Navy attacks the Falkland Islands
  Falkland Islands
  
  The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located from the coast of Argentina, west of the Shag Rocks , and north of the British Antarctic Territory ....
  , at the time under Argentine control, in retaliation for the seizing of American ships fishing in Argentine waters.
• 1837 - Caroline affair
  Caroline affair
  
  The Caroline Affair was a series of events beginning in 1837 that strained relations between the United States and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland....
  ; Canadian military enters U.S. territory to burn a ship used by Canadian rebels.
• 1838 - Aroostook War
  Aroostook War
  
  The Aroostook War was an undeclared confrontation in 1838-39 between the United States and Great Britain over the international boundary between British North America and Maine....
   re: Maine
  Maine
  
  The State of Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, New Hampshire to the southwest, the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast....
  -Canada border; no combat
• 1842 - Webster-Ashburton Treaty
  Webster-Ashburton Treaty
  
  The Webster-Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the Canada under British Imperial control , particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border....
  -settled Maine-New Brunswick
  New Brunswick
  
  New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only Constitution of Canada bilingual province in the federation. The provincial capital is Fredericton....
   border and rest of United States-Canadian border, settling Aroostook War and Caroline affair.
• 1844 - Oregon Question
  Oregon boundary dispute
  
  The Oregon boundary dispute, or the Oregon question, arose as a result of competing United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and United States claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century....
  ; America and Great Britain at sword's point; "54-40 or fight" is American slogan; compromise reached splitting the region, with British Columbia
  British Columbia
  
  British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
   to Great Britain, and Washington
  Washington
  
  Washington is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Washington was carved out of the western part of Washington Territory which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 by the Oregon Treaty as settlement of the Oregon Boundary Dispute....
  , Idaho
  Idaho
  
  The State of Idaho is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. The state's largest city and Capital is Boise, Idaho....
  , and Oregon
  Oregon
  
  Oregon is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers....
   to America.
• 1844 - Treaty of Wanghia
  Treaty of Wanghia
  
  The Treaty of Wanghia , is a Treaty between the Qing Empire and the United States, signed on 3 July 1844 in the :pt:Templo de Kun Iam Tong ....
  .
• 1845 - James K. Polk
  James K. Polk
  
  James Knox Polk was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849. He was 49 years old at the time of his inauguration, making him the youngest President up to that time....
   Doctrine, Manifest Destiny
  Manifest Destiny
  
  Manifest Destiny is the historical belief that the United States was destined and divinely ordained by God in Christianityto expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean....
  .
• 1845 - Annexation of Republic of Texas
  Republic of Texas
  
  The Republic of Texas was a sovereignty nation in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to 1846.Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the nation claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S....
  ; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation
• 1845 - Slidell
  John Slidell
  
  John Slidell was an United States politician, lawyer and businessman. Originally a native of New York, Slidell moved to Louisiana as a young man and became a staunch defender of southern rights as a United States House of Representatives and United States Senate....
   Mission fails to avert war with Mexico
• 1846 - Mexican–American War
  Mexican–American War
  
  The Mexican?American War was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. Texas Annexation of Republic of Texas....
   begins; Oregon settlement with Britain.
• 1848 - Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo- settled Mexican-American War, Rio Grande
  Rio Grande
  
  For the railroad often known as the Rio Grande, see Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.The Rio Grande River in the United States, known as the R?o Bravo in Mexico, is a river, long, is the fourth longest river system in the United States and serves as a natural boundary along the border between the U.S....
   as border of Texas
  Texas
  
  Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
  , territory of New Mexico
  New Mexico
  
  New Mexico is a U. S. State located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. Inhabited by Native Americans in the United States populations for many centuries, it has also has been part of the Spanish Empire viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S....
   rest of west
  Western United States
  
  The Western United States—commonly referred to as the American West or simply The West—traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost U.S....
   ceded to America, California
  California
  
  California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
   ceded, America paid Mexico $15,000,000 and assumed $3,250,000 liability against Mexico.
• 1850 - Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
  
  The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty was a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, negotiated in 1850 by John M. Clayton and Sir Henry Bulwer, 1st Baron Dalling and Bulwer , in consequence of the situation created by the project of an inter oceanic canal across Nicaragua, each signatory being jealous of the activities of the other in Ce...
  . America and Great Britain agreed that both nations were not to colonize or control any Central American republic, neither nation would seek exclusive control of Isthmian canal, if canal built protected by both nations for neutrality and security. Any canal built open to all nations on equal terms.
• 1853 - Gadsden
  James Gadsden
  
  James Gadsden . Namesake of the Gadsden Purchase, in which the United States purchased from Mexico the land that became the southern portion of Arizona and New Mexico....
   Purchase
  Gadsden Purchase
  
  The Gadsden Purchase is a region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by President Franklin Pierce on June 24, 1853, and then ratified by the U.S....
  : purchase of 30,000 square miles (78,700 km²) in southern Arizona
  Arizona
  
  The State of Arizona is a U.S. state located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona....
   for $10,000,000 for purpose of railroad connections
• 1854 - Kanagawa Treaty
  Convention of Kanagawa
  
  On March 31, 1854, the or was concluded between Commodore Matthew C. Perry of the United States Navy and the Empire of Japan. The treaty opened the Japanese ports of Shimoda, Shizuoka and Hakodate to United States trade, guaranteed the safety of shipwrecked U.S....
  ; Matthew Perry to Tokyo in 1853; returning 1854 with seven warships; treaty opened two Japanese ports and guaranteeing safety of shipwrecked American seamen.
• 1857 - Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  
  Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
  ; U.S. Navy forces the surrender of filibusterer
  Filibuster (military)
  
  A filibuster is someone who engages in an unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country to foment or support a revolution. The term is usually used to describe United States citizens who attempted to foment insurrections in Latin America in the mid-19th century....
   William Walker
  William Walker (soldier)
  
  William Walker worked closely with various forces associated with the Texas Rangers.William Walker was an United States filibuster and adventurer who attempted to conquer several Latin American countries in the mid-19th century....
  , who had tried to seize control of the country.
• 1861 - President Abraham Lincoln
  Abraham Lincoln
  
  Abraham Lincoln was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States. He successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery....
   proclaims blockade of Confederate States of America
  Confederate States of America
  
  The Confederate States of America formed as the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven Southern United States U.S. state of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S....
  , giving it some legitimacy
• 1861-65 - Lincoln threatens war against any country that recognizes the Confederacy; no country does so
• 1864-65 - Maximilian Affair: In defiance of the Monroe Doctrine
  Monroe Doctrine
  
  The Monroe Doctrine is a United States policy introduced on December 2, 1823, which said that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention....
  , French Emperor Napoleon III
  Napoleon III of France
  
  Napol?on III, also known as Louis-Napol?on Bonaparte was the first President of the French Republic and the only emperor of the Second French Empire....
   placed Archduke Maximilian
  Maximilian I of Mexico
  
  Maximilian I was a member of Austria's Imperial Habsburg-Lorraine family who was Emperor of Mexico. With the backing of Napoleon III of France and a group of Mexican monarchy, he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico on 10 April 1864....
   on Mexican throne, America warns France against intervention, with 50,000 combat troops being sent to the Mexican border by President Andrew Johnson
  Andrew Johnson
  
  Andrew Johnson was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States , succeeding to the Presidency upon Abraham Lincoln assassination of Abraham Lincoln....
  ; Maximillian overthrown
• 1867 - Alaska purchase
  Alaska purchase
  
  The Alaska Purchase by the United States from the Russian Empire occurred in 1867 at the behest of Secretary of State William H. Seward. The territory purchased was 586,412 square miles of the modern state of Alaska....
  : America purchases Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000.
• 1868 - Treaty on Naturalization
  Bancroft Treaties
  
  The Bancroft treaties, also called the Bancroft conventions, were a series of agreements made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries between the United States and other countries that 1) recognized the right of each party's nationality to become naturalization citizenship of the other; and 2) defined circumstances in which naturalized pe...
   with North German Confederation
  North German Confederation
  
  The North German Confederation , came into existence in August 1866 as a military alliance of 22 states of northern Germany with the Kingdom of Prussia as the leading state....
   marked first recognition by a European power of the right of its subjects to become naturalized U.S. citizens.
• 1868 - Burlingame Treaty
  Burlingame Treaty
  
  The Burlingame Treaty, between the United States and China, amended the Treaty of Tientsin and established formal friendly relations between the two countries, with the United States granting China Most Favored Nation status....
   established formal friendly relations with China and placed them on most favoured nation
  Most favoured nation
  
  Most favoured nation , also called Permanent Normal Trade Relations in the United States, is a status awarded by one nation to another in international trade....
   status, Chinese immigration encouraged; reversed in 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act.
• 1871 - Alabama Claims
  Alabama Claims
  
  The Alabama Claims were a series of claims for damages by the Federal government of the United States against the Her Majesty's Government for the perceived Covert operations given to the Confederate States of America cause during the American Civil War....
  . During the American Civil War
  American Civil War
  
  The American Civil War , also known as the War Between the States and several Naming the American Civil War, was a civil war in the United States....
  , Confederate States of America
  Confederate States of America
  
  The Confederate States of America formed as the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven Southern United States U.S. state of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S....
   raider CSS Alabama
  CSS Alabama
  
  CSS Alabama was a screw sloop-of-war built for the Confederate States Navy at Birkenhead, United Kingdom, in 1862 by John Laird Sons and Company....
   built in Great Britain, America claimed direct and collateral damage against Great Britain, awarded $15,500,000 by international tribunal.
• 1891 - Baltimore Crisis
  Baltimore Crisis
  
  The Baltimore Crisis was a diplomatic incident that took place between Chile and the United States as the result of US intervention in the Chilean Civil War....
  , minor scuffle with Chile
  Chile
  
  Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
  .
• 1893 - Hawaii; January 16 to April 1. Business community overthrows Queen Liliuokalani and proclaims provisional government; U.S. Marines
  United States Marine Corps
  
  The United States Marine Corps is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing Military power projection from the sea, using the mobility of the United States Navy to rapidly deliver Marine Air-Ground Task Force....
   landed to protect American lives; Hawaii and President Harrison agree to annexation but treaty withdrawn by President Grover Cleveland
  Grover Cleveland
  
  Stephen Grover Cleveland was both the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States. Cleveland is the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents....
   who rejects annexation
• 1898 - De Lôme Letter: Spanish minister writes disparagingly of President William McKinley
  William McKinley
  
  William McKinley, Jr. was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected....
  
• 1898 - Spanish-American War
  Spanish-American War
  
  The Spanish?American War was an armed military conflict between Spain and the United States that took place between April and August 1898, over the issues of the liberation of Cuba....
  ; combat lasted less than 6 months
• 1898 - Treaty of Paris
  Treaty of Paris (1898)
  
  The Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War.American and Spanish delegates met in Paris on October 1, 1898 to produce a treaty that would bring an end to the war after six months of hostilities....
  
• 1898 - Hawaii; July 7. The Newlands Resolution
  Newlands Resolution
  
  The Newlands Resolution, named after United States Congressman Francis G. Newlands was an Act of Congress to annex the Republic of Hawai'i and create the Territory of Hawai'i....
   in Congress annexes the Hawaiian Republic
  Hawaii
  
  File:Pahoehoe and Aa flows at Hawaii.jpgThe State of Hawaii is a U.S. state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia....
  , with full U.S. citizenship for inhabitants regardless of race
• 1899-1901 - Philippine-American War
  Philippine-American War
  
  The Philippine?American War was an armed military conflict between the United States and the Philippines, which arose from the First Philippine Republic struggle against U.S....
  , commonly known as the "Philippine Insurrection".
• 1899 - Open Door Policy
  Open Door Policy
  
  The Open Door Policy is a concept in foreign affairs. As a theory, the Open Door Policy originates with British commercial practice, as was reflected in treaties concluded with Qing Dynasty China after the First Opium War ....
   for equal trading rights inside China; accepted by Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Russia and Japan

20th century

• 1900 - U.S. forces participate in international rescue in Peking
  Beijing
  
  is a metropolis in northern China and the Capital of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the four municipality of China, which are equivalent to province in China's Political divisions of China....
  , in Boxer Rebellion
  Boxer Rebellion
  
  The Boxer Rebellion, or more properly Boxer Uprising, was a violent anti-foreign, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,? Yihe tuan or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China....
  
• 1901 - Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
  Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
  
  In 1901 the United States and the United Kingdom signed the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty. This agreement nullified the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 and gave the United States the right to create and control a canal across Central America, connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean....
  . American agreement with Great Britain nullifying Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
  
  The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty was a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, negotiated in 1850 by John M. Clayton and Sir Henry Bulwer, 1st Baron Dalling and Bulwer , in consequence of the situation created by the project of an inter oceanic canal across Nicaragua, each signatory being jealous of the activities of the other in Ce...
   of 1850; guarantee of open passage for any nation through proposed Panama Canal
  Panama Canal
  
  The Panama Canal is a man-made canal which joins the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean oceans. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, it had an enormous impact on shipping between the two oceans, replacing the long and treacherous route via the Drake Passage and Cape Horn at the southernmost tip of South Am...
  .
• 1901 - Platt Amendment
  Platt Amendment
  
  The Platt Amendment was a rider appended to the Army Appropriations Act presented to the U.S. Senate by Connecticut United States Republican Party United States Senate Orville H....
  , March 2. Rider attached to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901 designed to protect Cuba
  Cuba
  
  The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
  's independence from foreign intervention. The amendment effectively makes Cuba a U.S. protectorate and allowed for American intervention in Cuban affairs in 1906, 1912, 1917, and 1920. It also permitted America to lease Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
  Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
  
  Guantanamo Bay Naval Base is located on the shore of Guant?namo Bay at the southeastern end of Cuba and has been used by the United States Navy for more than a century....
  . Rising Cuban nationalism and widespread criticism led to its abrogation in 1934 by the Ramón Grau
  Ramón Grau
  
  Dr. Ram?n Grau San Martin was a Cuban physician and the 7th and 15th President of Cuba ....
   administration.
• 1902 - Drago Doctrine
  Drago Doctrine
  
  The Drago Doctrine was announced in 1902 by the Argentina Minister of Foreign Affairs Luis Mar?a Drago. Extending the Monroe Doctrine, it set forth the policy that no foreign power, including the United States, could use force against an Americas nation to collect debt....
  . Foreign Minister Luis María Drago
  Luis Maria Drago
  
  Luis Mar?a Drago was an Argentina politician.Born into a distinguished Argentine family in Buenos Aires, Drago began his career as a newspaper editor....
   of Argentina
  Argentina
  
  Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
   announced policy that no European power could use force against any American nation to collect debt, supplanted in 1904 by Roosevelt Corollary
  Roosevelt Corollary
  
  The Roosevelt Corollary was a substantial amendment to the Monroe Doctrine by United States President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt in 1904....
   to Monroe Doctrine
  Monroe Doctrine
  
  The Monroe Doctrine is a United States policy introduced on December 2, 1823, which said that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention....
  .
• 1903 - Big Stick diplomacy
  Big stick diplomacy
  
  Big Stick Ideology, or Big Stick Diplomacy, or Big Stick Policy, is a form of hegemony and was the slogan describing President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt?s Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine....
  : Theodore Roosevelt
  Theodore Roosevelt
  
  Theodore Roosevelt , also known as T.R., and to the public as Teddy, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
   refers to U.S. policy as "speaking softly and carrying a big stick", applied the same year by assisting Panama
  Panama
  
  Panama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on an isthmus connecting North and South America, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation....
  's independence movement from Colombia
  Colombia
  
  Colombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the north west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean....
  . U.S. forces sought to protect American interests and lives during and following the Panamanian revolution over construction of the Isthmian Canal. U.S. Marines were stationed on the isthmus (1903-1914)
• 1903 - Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty
  Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty
  
  The Hay-Banau Varilla Treaty was signed on November 18, 1903 . Phillipe Bunau-Varilla went to Washington, D.C. and New York City to negotiate the terms with several U.S....
   with Panama; leased strip of land increased to 10 miles (16 km) wide.
• 1903 - Hay-Herbert Treaty
  Hay-Herbert Treaty
  
  Hay-Herbert Treaty is a treaty between Great Britain and United States that resolved a Alaska boundary dispute.On January 24, 1903 U.S. Secretary of State John Hay and British Ambassador Michael H....
   resolved the Alaska boundary dispute
  Alaska Boundary Dispute
  
  The Alaska Boundary Dispute was a territorial dispute between the United States and Canada , and at a subnational level between Alaska on the U.S....
   between the United States and Canada in favor of U.S.; Canada angry at Britain.
• 1906 - Algeciras Conference
  Algeciras Conference
  
  The Algeciras Conference of 1906 took place in Algeciras, Spain, and lasted from January 16 to April 7. The purpose of the conference was to find an issue to the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany, which arose as Germany attempted to prevent France from establishing a protectorate over Morocco....
  . Roosevelt mediated the First Moroccan Crisis
  First Moroccan Crisis
  
  The First Moroccan Crisis was the international crisis over the international status of Morocco between March 1905 and May 1906....
   between France and Germany, essentially in French favor.
• 1908-09 - America negotiates arbitration treaties with 25 countries (but not Germany)
• 1911 - Reciprocity treaty with Canada fails on surge of Canadian nationalism
  Nationalism
  
  Nationalism refers to an ideology, a feeling, a form of culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. While there is significant debate over the historical origins of nations, nearly all Expert accept that nationalism, at least as an ideology and social movement, is a Modernity phenomenon originating in Europe....
   led by Conservative Party
  Conservative Party of Canada (historical)
  
  The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. Initially known as the "Liberal-Conservative Party", it dropped "Liberal" from its name in 1873, although many of its candidates continued to use this name....
  .
• 1911-20 - Mexican Revolution
  Mexican Revolution
  
  The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910 with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio D?az....
  ; hundreds of thousands of refugees flee to America; President William Howard Taft
  William Howard Taft
  
  William Howard Taft was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice of the United States, a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the History of the United States Republican Party in the early 20th century, a pioneer in international arbitration and staunch advocate of world pe...
   recognizes Francisco I. Madero
  Francisco I. Madero
  
  Francisco Ignacio Madero Gonz?lez was a politician, writer and revolutionary who served as President of Mexico of Mexico from 1911 to 1913. As a respectable upper-class politician he supplied a center around which opposition to the dictatorship of Porfirio D?az could coalesce....
  's regime; Madero assassinated by Victoriano Huerta
  Victoriano Huerta
  
  Jos? Victoriano Huerta M?rquez was a Mexico military officer and president of Mexico....
  , not recognized by America
• 1912-25 - Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  
  Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
  ; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet
  Puppet state
  
  The term puppet state describes a nominal sovereignty controlled effectively by a foreign power.. The term refers to a government controlled by the government of another country like a puppeteer controls the strings of a marionette....
   Conservative Party
  Conservative Party of Nicaragua
  
  The Conservative Party is a Conservativism political party in Nicaragua.The party's colour is green and its emblem is a torch of freedom in a circle....
   presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty
  Bryan-Chamorro Treaty
  
  The Bryan-Chamorro Treaty was signed on August 5, 1914 under the approval of the Taft administration. The Wilson administration changed the treaty by adding a provision similar in language to that of the Platt Amendment, which would have authorized U.S....
  .
• 1912-41 - China. U.S. forces sent to protect American interests in China during chaotic revolution. In 1927, America had 5,670 troops ashore in China and 44 naval vessels in its waters.
• 1914 - Veracruz Incident a standoff between America and Huerta; Congress authorizes force at president's discretion; ABC Powers try to mediate; America seizes Veracruz
  Veracruz, Veracruz
  
  The city of Veracruz is a major port city and municipalities of Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexico States of Mexico of Veracruz. The metropolitan areas of Mexico is Mexico's largest on the Gulf coast and an important east coast port....
  ; Huerta breaks diplomatic relations; war seems near
• 1915 - British passenger liner RMS Lusitania
  RMS Lusitania
  
  RMS Lusitania was a Lusitania-Class Great Britain luxury ocean liner owned by the Cunard Line and built by John Brown and Company of Clydebank, Scotland, torpedoed by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915....
   torpedoed off Irish coast by German submarine; 1,200 dead include 128 Americans; Theodore Roosevelt demands war; Woodrow Wilson
  Woodrow Wilson
  
  Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States. A devout Presbyterianism and leading intellectual of the Progressive Era, he served as President of Princeton University of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913....
   issues strong protest
• 1915-34 - Haiti
  Haiti
  
  Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Haitian Creole language- and French language-speaking Caribbean country. Along with the Dominican Republic, it occupies the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago....
  . U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.
• 1916-24 - Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are List of divided islands, Saint Martin being the other....
  ; U.S. naval forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic and threatened insurrection.
• 1916 - Pancho Villa
  Pancho Villa
  
  This article is about the Mexican revolutionary general. For the boxer, see Francisco Guilledo.Doroteo Arango Ar?mbula , better known as Francisco or "Pancho" Villa, was the first Mexican Revolutionary general....
   raid into America; the Mexican Punitive Expedition
  Pancho Villa Expedition
  
  The Pancho Villa Expedition was a military operation conducted by the United States Army against the paramilitary forces of Pancho Villa from 1916 to 1917....
   under John J. Pershing
  John J. Pershing
  
  John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, Order of the Bath was an officer in the United States Army. He is the only person to be promoted in his own lifetime to the highest rank ever held in the United States Army?General of the Armies....
   chases Villa deep into Mexico; verge of war
• 1917 - Zimmermann Telegram
  Zimmermann Telegram
  
  The Zimmermann Telegram was a code telegram dispatched by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmermann, on January 16, 1917, to the Germany Ambassador in Washington, D....
  . Germany proposes military alliance between Germany and Mexico against America. Publication outrages American opinion; Mexico rejects proposal.
• 1917 - April. America declares war on Germany and Austria (but not Turkey
  Turkey
  
  Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
   or Bulgaria
  Bulgaria
  
  The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
  ); remains independent of Great Britain and France
• 1917 - Lansing-Ishii Agreement
  Lansing-Ishii Agreement
  
  The was a diplomatic note signed between the United States and the Empire of Japan on 2 November 1917 over their disputes with regards to China....
  . America recognizes Japan's claim to special interests in China, particularly in contiguous territory. Objection to Japan assuming German Asian territories.
• 1918 - Fourteen Points
  Fourteen Points
  
  The Fourteen Points were listed in a speech delivered by United States President of the United States Woodrow Wilson to a Joint session of the United States Congress of United States Congress on January 8, 1918....
  . Statement of American war aims by Wilson, served as basis for Treaty of Versailles
  Treaty of Versailles
  
  The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaty at the end of World War I. It ended the declaration of war between German Empire and Allies of World War I....
   and the League of Nations
  League of Nations
  
  The League of Nations was an inter-governmental organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919?1920. At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members....
  .
• 1919 - Versailles Treaty - Wilson one of "Big Four
  Big Four
  
  Big Four or The Big Four may refer to:...
  " negotiators; signed by Wilson but not ratified by Senate.
• 1919 - League of Nations - part of Versailles Treaty; America did not join.
• 1922 - Washington Naval Conference
  Washington Naval Conference
  
  The Washington Naval Conference also called the Washington Arms Conference, was a military conference called by the administration of President Warren G....
   held in Washington, D.C.
  Washington, D.C.
  
  Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....
   concluding in the Four-Power Treaty
  Four-Power Treaty
  
  The was a treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan at the Washington Naval Conference on 13 December 1921. It was partly a follow-on to the Lansing-Ishii Agreement, signed between the US and Japan....
  , Five-Power Treaty
  Washington Naval Treaty
  
  The Washington Naval Treaty, also known as the Five-Power Treaty, limited the naval armaments of its five signatories: the United States of America, the British Empire, the Empire of Japan, the French Third Republic, and the Kingdom of Italy ....
  , and Nine-Power Treaty
  Nine-Power Treaty
  
  The was a treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China as per the Open Door Policy, signed by all of the attendees to the Washington Naval Conference on 6 February 1922....
  ; major naval disarmament
• 1924 - American-led conference results in the Dawes Plan
  Dawes Plan
  
  The Dawes Plan was an attempt following World War I for the Allies to collect war reparations debt from Germany. When after five years the plan proved to be unsuccessful, the Young Plan was adopted in 1929 to replace it....
  . Eased reparations for Germany and improvement of its economic situation.
• 1926-33 - Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  
  Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
  ; The coup d'état
  Coup d'état
  
  A coup d??tat , often simply called a coup, is the sudden unconstitutional overthrow of a government by a part of the state establishment – usually the military – to replace the branch of the stricken government, either with another civil government or with a military government....
   of General Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
  Emiliano Chamorro Vargas
  
  Emiliano Chamorro Vargas was the 55th and 59th President of Nicaragua of Nicaragua from 1 January 1917 to 1 January 1921 and again from 14 March 1926 to 11 November 1926....
   aroused revolutionary activities leading to the landing of U.S. Marines intermittently until January 3, 1933.
• 1927 - Naval Disarmament Conference in Geneva
  Geneva
  
  Geneva is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie . Situated where the Rh?ne River exits Lake Geneva , it is the capital of the Canton of Geneva....
  ; failure to reach an agreement.
• 1927 - Clark Memorandum
  Clark Memorandum
  
  The Clark Memorandum on the Monroe Doctrine or Clark Memorandum, written on December 17, 1928 by Calvin Coolidge?s United States Deputy Secretary of State J....
   repudiates Roosevelt Corollary
  Roosevelt Corollary
  
  The Roosevelt Corollary was a substantial amendment to the Monroe Doctrine by United States President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt in 1904....
   to Monroe Doctrine
  Monroe Doctrine
  
  The Monroe Doctrine is a United States policy introduced on December 2, 1823, which said that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention....
  .
• 1928 - Kellogg-Briand Pact
  Kellogg-Briand Pact
  
  The Kellogg-Briand Pact, also known as the Pact of Paris or Paris Peace Pact., after the city where it was signed on August 27, 1928, was an international treaty "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." It failed in its purpose but was significant for later developments in international law....
  , multilateral treaty outlawing War by moral force of 60 signatory nations.
• 1929 - Young Plan
  Young Plan
  
  The Young Plan was a program for settlement of Germany World War I reparations debts after World War I written in 1929 and formally adopted in 1930....
   reduces amount of reparation
  World War I reparations
  
  World War I reparations refers to the payments and transfers of property and equipment that Germany was forced to make under the Treaty of Versailles following its defeat during World War I....
  s due from Germany to $8.0 billion over 58 years.
• 1930 - Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
  Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
  
  File:Smoot and Hawley standing together, April 11, 1929.jpgThe Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act...
   raised American tariffs on imports; 1000 economists protest it will worsen depression; retaliation by Canada and others.
• 1931 - Stimson Doctrine
  Stimson Doctrine
  
  The Stimson Doctrine is a policy of the United States Federal government of the United States, enunciated in a note of January 7 1932 to Japan and China, of non-diplomatic recognition of international territorial changes affected by force....
   America will not recognize Japanese takeover of parts of China; policy endorsed by the League of Nations.
• 1932 - Lausanne Conference
  Lausanne Conference of 1932
  
  The Lausanne Conference was a 1932 meeting of representatives from Great Britain, Germany, and France that resulted in an agreement to suspend World War I reparations payments imposed on the defeated countries by the Treaty of Versailles....
   cancels 90% of reparations owed by Germany; remainder is never paid
• 1933 - Montevideo Convention
  Montevideo Convention
  
  The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States was a treaty signed at Montevideo, Uruguay, on December 26, 1933, during the Seventh International Conference of American States....
  . President Franklin D. Roosevelt
  Franklin D. Roosevelt
  
  Franklin Delano Roosevelt , often referred to by his initials FDR, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States....
   declares the "Good Neighbor Policy
  Good Neighbor policy
  
  The "Good Neighbor" policy was the foreign policy of the administration of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt toward the countries of Latin America....
  ", U.S. opposition to armed intervention in inter-American affairs.
• 1933 - London Economic Conference
  London Economic Conference
  
  The London Economic Conference was a meeting that took place between representatives of 66 nations in the June 1933. Held at London's Geological Museum, the purpose was to attack global Recession, revive international trade, and stabilize international currency....
  , to deal with Great Depression
  Great Depression
  
  File:International depression.pngThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic Recession starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries....
  , fails when the U.S. withdraws.
• 1933 - America extends diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union
  Soviet Union
  
  The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
  .
• 1935 - Neutrality Act of 1935
  Neutrality Acts
  
  The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II....
  ; when war breaks out prohibits all arms shipments (allowing shipment of oil, steel, chemicals); U.S. citizens can travel on belligerent ships only at own risk
• 1936 - Neutrality Act of 1936
  Neutrality Acts
  
  The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II....
  ; no loans to belligerents
• 1936 - Spanish Civil War
  Spanish Civil War
  
  The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted coup d'?tat by a group of Spanish Army generals, supported by the conservative Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right , Carlist groups and the fascistic Falange, against the government of the Second Spanish Republic, then under the leadership of pr...
  ; America neutral;
• 1937 - Neutrality Act of 1937
  Neutrality Acts
  
  The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II....
  ; 1935 laws apply to civil wars
• 1937 - War between Japan and China; America strongly sympathetic to China; Roosevelt does not invoke neutrality laws
• 1941 - Atlantic Charter
  Atlantic Charter
  
  The Atlantic Charter was the blueprint for the world after World War II, and is the foundation for many of the international treaties and organizations that currently shape the world....
  . FDR and Winston Churchill
  Winston Churchill
  
  Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour, Territorial Decoration, Fellow of the Royal Society, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Queen's Privy Council for Canada was a Politics of the United Kingdom known chiefly for his leadership of the United King...
   agree (1) no territorial gains sought by America or Great Britain, (2) territorial adjustments must conform to people involved, (3) people have right to choose their own govt. (4) trade barriers lowered, (5) there must be disarmament, (6) there must be freedom from want and fear (4 Freedoms of FDR), (7) there must be freedom of the seas, (8) there must be an association of nations.
• 1943 - Cairo Conference
  Cairo Conference
  
  The Cairo Conference of November 22 - 26 November 1943, held in Cairo, Egypt, addressed the Allies of World War II position against Japan during World War II and made decisions about postwar Asia....
  . Roosevelt, Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek
  Chiang Kai-shek
  
  Chiang Kai-shek , Order of the Bath , served as Generalissimo of the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China from 1928 to 1948. He was sometimes referred to simply as "the Generalissimo"....
    meet to make decisions about postwar Asia: Japan returns all territory, independent Korea.
• 1943 - Casablanca Conference
  Casablanca Conference (1943)
  
  The Casablanca Conference was held at the Anfa Hotel in Casablanca, Morocco, then a French protectorate, from January 14 to January 24, 1943, to plan the European Theatre of World War II of the Allies of World War II during World War II....
  . Roosevelt and Churchill meet to plan European strategy. Unconditional surrender of Axis countries demanded, Soviet aid and participation, invasion of Sicily
  Sicily
  
  Sicily is an Autonomous regions with special statute of Italy. Of all the regions of Italy, Sicily covers the largest land area at 25,708 km? and currently has just over five million inhabitants....
   and Italy planned
• 1943 - Tehran Conference
  Tehran Conference
  
  The Tehran Conference was the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943 in Tehran, Iran....
  . Roosevelt and Churchil meet with Stalin
• 1944 - United Nations
  United Nations
  
  The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
   Monetary and Financial Conference
  United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference
  
  The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, commonly known as Bretton Woods conference, was a gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allies of World War II at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II....
   held in July in Bretton Woods
  Bretton Woods, New Hampshire
  
  Bretton Woods is an area within the town of Carroll, New Hampshire, New Hampshire, USA, whose principal points of interest are three leisure and recreation facilities....
  , New Hampshire
  New Hampshire
  
  New Hampshire is a U.S. state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States United States of America. The state was named after the southern English Counties of England of Hampshire....
  ; International Monetary Fund
  International Monetary Fund
  
  The International Monetary Fund is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries, in particular those with an impact on exchange rates and the balance of payments....
   and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  
  The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of five institutions that comprise the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II....
   (World Bank
  World Bank Group
  
  The World Bank Group is a family of five international organizations responsible for providing finance and advice to countries for the purposes of economic development and eliminating poverty....
  ) created to aid nations devastated by the war and to stabilize the international monetary system.
• 1944 - Dumbarton Oaks Conference
  Dumbarton Oaks Conference
  
  The Dumbarton Oaks Conference was an international conference at which the United Nations was formulated and negotiated.It was held from 21 August to 7 October 1944 in Dumbarton Oaks, a mansion in Washington, DC, United States, and was attended by representatives of the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the Republic...
   held in August in Washington, D.C.
  Washington, D.C.
  
  Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....
   United Nations was formulated, followed up by San Francisco
  San Francisco, California
  
  The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the List of United States cities by population in the United States, with a 2007 estimated population of 799,183....
   Conference on International Organization
  United Nations Conference on International Organization
  
  The United Nations Conference on International Organization was a convention of delegates from 50 Allies of World War II that took place from 25 April 1945 to 26 June 1945 in San Francisco, United States....
  . Security Council
  United Nations Security Council
  
  The United Nations Security Council is one of the principal organs charged with the maintenance of international security. Its powers, outlined in the United Nations Charter, include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of war....
   veto
  Veto
  
  A veto, Latin for "I forbid", is used to denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a piece of legislation. In practice, the veto can be absolute or limited ...
   powers established.
• 1945 - February 4-11 Yalta Conference
  Yalta Conference
  
  The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and Code name the Argonaut Conference, was the wartime meeting from 4 February 1945 to 11 February 1945 among the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union?President of the United States Franklin D....
   with Joseph Stalin
  Joseph Stalin
  
  Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953....
   and Churchill; agreement on division of Eastern Europe
  Eastern Europe
  
  Eastern Europe is a term that applies to the geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the Europe. Throughout history and to a lesser extent today, parts of Eastern Europe has been distinguishable from Western Europe and other regions due to cultural, religious, economic, and historical reasons, even though there i...
  
• 1945 - Surrender of Germany (V-E Day
  Victory in Europe Day
  
  Victory in Europe Day was May 7 and May 8, 1945, the dates when the World War II Allies of World War II formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany....
  ) and Japan (V-J Day
  Victory over Japan Day
  
  Victory over Japan Day is a name chosen for the day on which the Surrender of Japan occurred, and subsequent anniversaries of that event. The term has been applied to both the day on which the initial announcement of Japan's surrender was made in the afternoon of August 15, 1945 , as well as the date the formal surrender ceremony was perfo...
  )
• 1945 - July 17 - August 2 Potsdam Conference
  Potsdam Conference
  
  The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of William, German Crown Prince, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16 to August 2, 1945....
  ; U.S. President Harry S. Truman
  Harry S. Truman
  
  Harry S. Truman was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States . As the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States, he succeeded Franklin D....
   meets with Stalin and U.K. Prime Minister
  Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
  
  The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom and the head of government Her Majesty's Government....
   Clement Attlee
  Clement Attlee
  
  Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Order of the Companions of Honour, Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Fellow of the Royal Society was a British people politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951, and leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955....
  ; tells Stalin of atomic bomb
  Nuclear weapon
  
  A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either nuclear fission or a combination of fission and nuclear fusion....
  ; gives Japan last warning to surrender
  Potsdam Declaration
  
  The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender was a statement issued on July 26 for the surrender of Japanese forces, 1945, by United States President of the United States Harry S....
  ; Germany (and Austria) divided into 4 zones of occupation
• 1945 - June 26 - United Nations Charter
  United Nations Charter
  
  The United Nations Charter is the treaty that forms and establishes the international organization called the United Nations. It was signed at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, California, United States, on June 26, 1945, by 50 of the 51 original member countries ....
   signed in San Francisco. America becomes a founding member and has veto power on the Security Council along with Great Britain, France, China and the Soviet Union.
• 1945-47 - Marshall Mission
  Marshall Mission
  
  The Marshall Mission was a failed diplomatic mission undertaken by United States Army General George C. Marshall to China in an attempt to negotiate the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang into a unified government....
   to China tries and fails to force coalition government of nationalists and Communists
  Communism
  
  Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarianism, classlessness, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general....
  
• 1947-89 - Cold War
  Cold War
  
  The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between a number of world powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, People's Republic of China, France, United Kingdom and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s....
  , the period of tension and hostility between America, Western Europe
  Western Europe
  
  Western Europe refers to the countries in the western most half of Europe. This concept has had different meanings, political and cultural as well as geographical issues have influenced the area....
  , and Japan, and Eastern Europe
  Eastern Europe
  
  Eastern Europe is a term that applies to the geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the Europe. Throughout history and to a lesser extent today, parts of Eastern Europe has been distinguishable from Western Europe and other regions due to cultural, religious, economic, and historical reasons, even though there i...
  , China and the Soviet Union.
• 1947 - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
  General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
  
  The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization ....
  . Signed in Geneva
  Geneva
  
  Geneva is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie . Situated where the Rh?ne River exits Lake Geneva , it is the capital of the Canton of Geneva....
   by 23 nations including America, membership has since increased, for the purpose of eliminating trade barriers of all kinds on industrial and agricultural goods.
• 1948 - "European Recovery Plan" (called Marshall Plan
  Marshall Plan
  
  The Marshall Plan was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the countries of Western Europe, and repelling communism after World War II....
  ); America gives out $11 billion to rebuild and modernize Western European economies. Increased trade between Europe and the America; no repayment asked for.
• 1948 - Berlin Blockade
  Berlin Blockade
  
  The Berlin Blockade, also known as the "German hold-up" was one of the first major international crisis of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post-World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the three Western powers' railroad and road access to the western sectors of Berlin that they had been controlling....
   imposed on June 24 by the Soviet Union, blocking traffic into western sectors of Berlin, followed by Operation Vittles, America airlifted massive amounts of food, fuel and supplies into city. Soviet blockade lifted on May 12, 1949.
• 1949 - America and eleven other nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty
  North Atlantic Treaty
  
  The North Atlantic Treaty is the treaty that brought NATO into existence, signed in Washington, DC on April 4, 1949. The original twelve nations that signed it and thus became the founding members of NATO were the following:...
  , creating NATO
  NATO
  
  The North Atlantic Treaty Organization , also called the Atlantic Alliance, is a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949....
  , a military alliance with the purpose of countering the Soviet Union and its allies.
• 1949 Dean Acheson becomes Secretary of State
• 1950-53 - Korean War
  Korean War
  
  The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korea and South Korea regimes, with major hostilities lasting from June 25, 1950 until the armistice signed on July 27, 1953....
  ; U.N. orders defense of South Korea against invasion by North Korea
  North Korea
  
  North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
  . (Soviet Union boycotted U.N. and did not veto.) U.S. forces deployed in Korea exceeded 300,000 during the last year of the conflict.
• 1951 - ANZUS Treaty united America, Australia and New Zealand in a defensive regional pact
• 1952 - Guatemala
  Guatemala
  
  Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast....
  . Central Intelligence Agency
  Central Intelligence Agency
  
  The Central Intelligence Agency is a civilian intelligence agency of the Federal government of the United States. It is the successor of the Office of Strategic Services formed during World War II to coordinate espionage activities between the branches of the US military services....
   attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán
  Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán
  
  Colonel Jacobo ?rbenz Guzm?n was the President of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954, when he was ousted in a coup d'?tat organized by the United States Central Intelligence Agency, known as Operation PBSUCCESS, and was replaced by a military junta, headed by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas, plunging the country into chaos and long-lasting political...
   in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García
  Anastasio Somoza García
  
  Anastasio Somoza Garc?a was officially the 65th and 69th President of Nicaragua of Nicaragua from 1 January 1937 to 1 May 1947 and from 21 May 1950 to 29 September 1956, but ruled effectively as dictator from 1936 until his assassination....
  , authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE
  Operation PBFORTUNE
  
  Operation PBFORTUNE was the name of a contingency plan drafted by the United States Central Intelligence Agency in 1951 that outlined a method of ousting Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz Guzm?n if he was deemed a Communist threat in the hemisphere....
  .
• 1953 - Iran
  Iran
  
  Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
  . U.S., and U.K. governments support shah's coup against Prime Minister
  Prime Minister of Iran
  
  Prime Minister of Iran was a political post in Iran had existed during several different periods of time starting with the Qajar era until its most recent revival from 1979 to 1989 following the Iranian Revolution....
   Mohammed Mosaddeq
• 1954-77 - SEATO
  Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
  
  The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization , was an international organization for collective defense created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty or the Manila Pact, which was signed on September 8, 1954....
   alliance in Southeast Asia
  Southeast Asia
  
  Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India and north of Australia....
  . South Vietnam
  South Vietnam
  
  South Vietnam refers to an internationally recognized state which governed Vietnam south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone until 1975. Its capital was Saigon and its origin can be traced to the French colony of Cochinchina, which consisted of the southern third of Vietnam....
   not a signatory
• 1954 - Baghdad Pact. Central Treaty Organization
  Central Treaty Organization
  
  The Central Treaty Organization was adopted in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. It was dissolved in 1979.U.S....
   (or CENTO
  Cento
  
  Cento is a city and commune in the province of Ferrara, part of the region Emilia-Romagna ....
  ) initiated by John Foster Dulles
  John Foster Dulles
  
  John Foster Dulles served as United States Secretary of State under President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against communism around the world....
  , members were Iran
  Iran
  
  Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
  , Iraq
  Iraq
  
  Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
  , Pakistan
  Pakistan
  
  Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
  , and Turkey
  Turkey
  
  Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
  , U.S. aid.
• 1954 - Guatemala
  Guatemala
  
  Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast....
  . Dwight D. Eisenhower
  Dwight D. Eisenhower
  
  Dwight David ?Ike? Eisenhower was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a General of the Army in the United States Army....
   authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS
  Operation PBSUCCESS
  
  The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'?tat was a covert operation organized by the United States Central Intelligence Agency to overthrow Jacobo Arbenz Guzm?n, the democratically-elected President of Guatemala....
  , a program of "psychological warfare and political action" and "subversion," that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán
  Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán
  
  Colonel Jacobo ?rbenz Guzm?n was the President of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954, when he was ousted in a coup d'?tat organized by the United States Central Intelligence Agency, known as Operation PBSUCCESS, and was replaced by a military junta, headed by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas, plunging the country into chaos and long-lasting political...
   with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas
  Carlos Castillo Armas
  
  Carlos Castillo Armas was Presidents of Guatemala of Guatemala from July 8, 1954 until his assassination in 1957....
  .
• 1957 - Eisenhower Doctrine
  Eisenhower Doctrine
  
  The Eisenhower Doctrine, given in a message to the United States Congress on January 5, 1957, was the foreign policy of President of the United States Dwight D....
   gives the president authority to determine the necessity to assist any nation requesting assistance against armed aggression from any country controlled by international communism, applied in Lebanon
  Lebanon
  
  Lebanon , officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic , is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea....
   the following year.
• 1957 - Americans embarrassed when Soviets launch Sputnik space satellite
  Sputnik 1
  
  Sputnik 1 was the world's first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. It was launched into a low altitude elliptical orbit by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and was the first in a series of satellites collectively known as the Sputnik program....
   and leapfrog America in high technology.
• 1958 - U.S. foreign aid appropriation, $3.2 billion for military and economic aid; lending authority of the Export-Import Bank raised to $7 billion; U.S. admits 32,000 Hungarian refugees from 1956 revolt
• 1959 - Cuba
  Cuba
  
  The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
  . Fidel Castro
  Fidel Castro
  
  Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from February 1959 to December 1976 and then president, premier until his resignation from the office in February 2008....
   comes to power. first of 1 million Cuban exile
  Cuban exile
  
  The term "Cuban exile" refers to the many Cubans who have sought alternative political or economic conditions outside the island, dating back to the Ten Years' War and the struggle for Cuban independence during the 19th century....
  s go to U.S., concentrating in Miami
  Miami, Florida
  
  Miami is a global city in southeastern Florida, in the United States. Miami is the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, the most populous county in Florida....
  , Florida
  Florida
  
  Florida is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast....
  
• 1960 - Nikita Khrushchev
  Nikita Khrushchev
  
  Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin, and Premier of the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1964....
   cancels summit conference with Eisenhower after U.S. U-2
  Lockheed U-2
  
  The Lockheed Corporation U-2, nicknamed "Dragon Lady", is a single-engine, high-altitude aircraft flown by the United States Air Force and previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency....
   spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union
• 1960 - Act of Bogotá
  Bogotá
  
  Bogot? ? officially named Bogot?, D.C. , formerly called Santa Fe de Bogot? ? is the capital city of Colombia, as well as the most populous city in the country, with 6,776,009 inhabitants ....
   makes social reform a prior condition for American economic aid
• 1960 - Cuba
  Cuba
  
  The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
  . America suspends sugar quota; (sugar was 80% of Cuban exports to America); Soviet Union agrees to buy Cuban sugar and provide oil; Cuba seizes $1.5 billion of American properties; America imposes complete trade embargo (except food, medicine);
• 1961 - President John F. Kennedy
  John F. Kennedy
  
  John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States, serving from 1961 until John F....
   launches Space Race
  Space Race
  
  File:Space race1.jpgThe Space Race was a competition of space exploration between the Soviet Union and the United States, which lasted roughly from 1957 to 1975....
  , promising Americans on the Moon
  Moon
  
  The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and the List of natural satellites by diameter satellite in the Solar System. The average centre-to-centre distance from the Earth to the Moon is km, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth....
  ; they landed
  Apollo 11
  
  The Apollo 11 mission was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. It was the fifth human spaceflight of Apollo program and the third human voyage to the Moon....
   July 20, 1969
• 1961 McGeorge Bundy becomes U.S. National Security Advisor.
• 1961 - Cuba
  Cuba
  
  The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
  . America breaks diplomatic relations as Castro aligns with Soviet Union.
• 1961 - Alliance for Progress
  Alliance for Progress
  
  The Alliance for Progress initiated by United States President of the United States John F. Kennedy in 1961 aimed to establish economic cooperation between North and South America....
  . inter-regional agreement funded by America to counter the growing regional appeal of the Cuban Revolution
  Cuban Revolution
  
  The Cuban Revolution was a revolution that led to the overthrow of the Dictator government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of July movement and other revolutionary organizations....
  . Stated aims are to "develop the resources of the hemisphere, strengthen the forces of democracy, and widen the vocational and educational opportunities within the Americas".
• 1961 - Bay of Pigs Invasion
  Bay of Pigs Invasion
  
  The Bay of Pigs Invasion, was an unsuccessful attempt by a U.S.-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba with support from U.S. government armed forces to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro....
   in April; CIA-trained Cuban exiles invaded Cuba and were defeated at the Bay of Pigs
  Bay of Pigs
  
  The Bay of Pigs is an inlet of the Gulf of Cazones on the southern coast of Cuba. By 1910, it was located in Santa Clara Province, then by 1961 in Las Villas Province, but in 1976 it was re-assigned to Cienfuegos Province, when the original six provinces were re-organized into fourteen new Provinces of Cuba....
  ; captured and ransomed by President Kennedy
• 1961 - Berlin Crisis
  Checkpoint Charlie
  
  Checkpoint Charlie" Checkpoint C" was the name given by the Western Allies to a crossing point between East Berlin and West Berlin during the Cold War, located at the junction of Friedrichstra?e with Zimmerstra?e and Mauerstra?e, ....
  . Soviets give East Germany
  German Democratic Republic
  
  The German Democratic Republic was a self-declared socialist state created in the Soviet Zone of occupied Germany and the East Berlin of Allied Occupation Zones in Germany....
   control over East Berlin
  East Berlin
  
  East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. It consisted of the Soviet Union Allied Occupation Zones in Germany of Berlin that was established in 1945....
  ; in August the Berlin Wall
  Berlin Wall
  
  The Berlin Wall was a physical separation barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic , including East Berlin. The longer inner German border demarcated the border between East and West Germany....
   is built to stem wave of refugees escaping to the Western side. Kennedy proclaims "Ich bin ein Berliner
  Ich bin ein Berliner
  
  "Ich bin ein Berliner" is a quotation from a June 26, 1963 speech by President of the United States John F. Kennedy in West Berlin. He was underlining the support of the United States for West Germany shortly after the Soviet Union-supported Communist state of East Germany erected the Berlin Wall as a barrier to prevent movement between E...
  " ("I am a citizen of Berlin") to cheering West Berlin
  West Berlin
  
  West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. It consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors established in 1945....
  ers.
• 1962 - Organization of American States
  Organization of American States
  
  The Organization of American States is an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. Its members are the thirty-five independent states of the Americas....
   (OAS) excludes Cuba, sets up trade embargo
  Embargo
  
  In international commerce and International relations, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce and trade with a certain country, in order to isolate it and to put its government into a difficult internal situation, given that the effects of the embargo are often able to make its economy suffer from the initiative....
  ; dropped in 1975.
• 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis
  Cuban Missile Crisis
  
  File:EXCOMM meeting, , 29 October 1962.jpgFile:Jupiter IRBM.jpgThe Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba that occurred in the early 1960s during the Cold War....
  . John F. Kennedy
  John F. Kennedy
  
  John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States, serving from 1961 until John F....
   on October 22 announces that there exist S.U. missiles in Cuba
  Cuba
  
  The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
   and demanded their removal while imposing an air sea blockade. S.U. missiles are withdrawn on condition that America will not invade Cuba.
• 1963 - Partial Test Ban Treaty
  Partial Test Ban Treaty
  
  The Treaty banning Nuclear Weapon Tests In The Atmosphere, In Outer Space And Under Water, often abbreviated as the Partial Test Ban Treaty , Limited Test Ban Treaty , or Nuclear Test Ban Treaty is a treaty prohibiting all nuclear testing of nuclear weapons Underground nuclear testing....
  . America and the Soviet Union agreed not to conduct nuclear tests in space, in the atmosphere or underwater. Underground tests permitted; signed by 100 nations, excluding France and the People's Republic of China.
• 1964 - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
  Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
  
  The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was addressed by President Lyndon B. Johnson as a joint resolution of the United States Congress passed on August 10, 1964 in direct response to a reported minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident....
   gives President Lyndon B. Johnson
  Lyndon B. Johnson
  
  Lyndon Baines Johnson , often referred to as LBJ, was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States and List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States ....
   Congressional approval to act in Vietnam
  Vietnam
  
  Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
  ; repealed in 1970.
• 1965 - Indonesia
  Indonesia
  
  The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
  ; America supports coup against Sukarno
  Sukarno
  
  Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo was the first President of Indonesia. He helped the country win its independence from Netherlands and was President from 1945 to 1967, presiding with mixed success over the country's turbulent transition to independence....
  's pro-Communist government
• 1965 - Intervention in Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are List of divided islands, Saint Martin being the other....
  .
• 1968 - Tet Offensive in Vietnam causes political crisis at home.
• 1969 - Henry Kissinger becomes U.S National Security Advisor.
• 1972 - SALT I
  Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
  
  The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of Bilateralism talks and corresponding international treaties between the Soviet Union and the United States?the Cold War superpowers?on the issue of arms race....
   signed by President Richard Nixon
  Richard Nixon
  
  Richard Milhous Nixon was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States and the only president to resign the office....
  
• 1973 - Paris Peace Accords
  Paris Peace Accords
  
  The Paris Peace Accords of 1973, intended to establish peace in Vietnam and an end to the Vietnam Conflict, ended direct U.S. military involvement and temporarily stopped the fighting between north and south....
   end the American war
  Vietnam War
  
  The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina Wars, the Vietnam Conflict, or often in Vietnam the American War occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1959 to April 30, 1975....
   in Vietnam; POW
  Prisoner of war
  
  A prisoner of war is a combatant who is held in continuing custody by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict....
  's returned
• 1973 - Chile
  Chile
  
  Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
  an military coup against Salvador Allende
  Salvador Allende
  
  Salvador Isabelino Allende Gossens was President of Chile of Chile from November 1970 until his death during the 1973 Chilean coup d'?tat.Allende's involvement in Chilean political life spanned a period of nearly forty years....
   given American approval
• 1975 - North Vietnam
  North Vietnam
  
  The Democratic Republic of Vietnam , or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic was an effective state all over Vietnam from 1945 until the partition of Vietnam in 1954....
   invades and conquers South Vietnam
  South Vietnam
  
  South Vietnam refers to an internationally recognized state which governed Vietnam south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone until 1975. Its capital was Saigon and its origin can be traced to the French colony of Cochinchina, which consisted of the southern third of Vietnam....
  ; over 1 million refugees eventually come to America
• 1978 - Camp David
  Camp David
  
  Naval Support Facility Thurmont, popularly known as Camp David, is a mountain based military camp in Frederick_County,_Maryland, Maryland used as a country retreat and for high alert protection of the President of the United States and his guests....
   Accords
  Camp David Accords
  
  The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David....
  , Anwar Al Sadat, Menachem Begin
  Menachem Begin
  
  was the sixth Prime Minister of Israel. Before the establishment of the state, he was the leader of the Irgun, playing a central role in Jewish resistance to the British Mandate of Palestine....
  , and Jimmy Carter
  Jimmy Carter
  
  James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. served as the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize....
   meet to determine "land for peace" exchange in Middle East
• 1979-89 - The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan
  Afghanistan
  
  Afghanistan , officially the Islamic republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia....
  ; America works with Pakistan
  Pakistan
  
  Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
   and Saudi Arabia
  Saudi Arabia
  
  The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA , is an Arab country and the largest country of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south....
   in funding, training, and arming Muslim mujahideen
  Mujahideen
  
  A Mujahid is a person involved in a jihad. The plural is Mujahideen . The word is from the same Arabic triliteral as jihad ....
   insurgency against S.U. occupation.
• 1979 - After Afghanistan, President Carter agrees détente has failed; calls for boycott
  American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics
  
  The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics was a part of a package of actions to protest the Soviet war in Afghanistan....
   of Moscow Summer Olympics
  1980 Summer Olympics
  
  The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Moscow in the Soviet Union....
   in 1980
• 1979-90 - Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  
  Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
  ; America supports the Contras
  Contras
  
  The Contras is a label given to the various rebel groups opposing Nicaragua's FSLN Sandinista National Liberation Front Junta of National Reconstruction following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle....
   fighting against the Sandinista government
  Sandinista National Liberation Front
  
  The Sandinista National Liberation Front is a socialist Nicaraguan political party. Their organization is generally referred to by the initials FSLN and its members are called, in both English and Spanish, Sandinistas....
   in Nicaragua.
• 1979-81 - Iran
  Iran
  
  Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
   becomes an Islamic republic
  Islamic republic
  
  Islamic Republic is the name given to several states in the Muslim world including the Islamic Republics of Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Mauritania....
   after the overthrow of American-backed shah; militants seize 63 American diplomats for 444 days during the Iran hostage crisis
  Iran hostage crisis
  
  The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomacy crisis between Iran and the United States where 52 U.S. diplomats were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979 to January 20, 1981, after a group of Islamism students took over the American embassy in support of the Iranian revolution....
  ; America seizes $12 billion in Iranian assets; American rescue effort fails; hostages and assets are freed on January 20, 1981.
• 1980 - Cuba
  Cuba
  
  The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
  . 125,000 Cuban refugees arrive in America during the Mariel Boatlift
  Mariel boatlift
  
  The Mariel Boat Lift was a mass emigration of Cubans who departed from Cuba's Mariel Harbor for the United States between April 15 and October 31, 1980....
  .
• 1980-88 - Iran–Iraq War. America officially neutral in war between Iraq
  Iraq
  
  Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
   and Iran
  Iran
  
  Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran and formerly known internationally as Persian Empire until 1935, is a country in Central Eurasia, located on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf and the southern shore of the Caspian Sea....
  ; America flags oil tankers to protect flow of oil in Persian Gulf
  Persian Gulf
  
  The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes Persian Gulf naming dispute referred to as the Arabian Gulf by certain Arab countries or simply The Gulf, although nei...
  , and sells arms and weaponry to both sides of the conflict.
• 1981 - President Ronald Reagan
  Ronald Reagan
  
  Ronald Wilson Reagan was the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States and the 33rd Governor of California . Born in Illinois, Reagan moved to Los Angeles, California in the 1930s, where he was an actor, president of the Screen Actors Guild , and a spokesman for General Electric ....
   escalates Cold War with heavy new military spending and research in new weapons; forward strategy for Navy;
• 1983 - U.S. invades
  Invasion of Grenada
  
  The Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, was an invasion of the nation of Grenada, an island in the Caribbean Sea, 100 miles north of Venezuela, and over 1,500 miles southeast of the United States, by the combined force of troops from the United States , Jamaica and members of the Regional Security System ....
   Grenada
  Grenada
  
  Grenada is an island nation that includes the southern Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines....
   in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister
  List of Prime Ministers of Grenada
  
  This is a list of heads of government of Grenada:...
   Bernard Coard
  Bernard Coard
  
  Winston Bernard Coard is a former Grenada Deputy Prime Minister in the revolutionary government of the New Jewel Movement, who placed Maurice Bishop under house arrest in 1983 and took control of the government....
   on the Caribbean
  Caribbean
  
  The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
   island.
• 1986 - Iran-Contra Affair
  Iran-Contra Affair
  
  The Iran-Contra affair was a American political scandals in the United States which came to light in November 1986, during the Presidency of Ronald Reagan, over an arms-for-hostages deal with Iran and funding for the Nicaraguan Contras....
  : White House
  White House
  
  The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., it was built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the late Georgian architecture and has been the executive residence of every U.S....
   officials sell weapons to Iran and give the profits to Contras; President Reagan embarrassed
• 1989 - End of Eastern Bloc; fall of Berlin Wall
  Berlin Wall
  
  The Berlin Wall was a physical separation barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic , including East Berlin. The longer inner German border demarcated the border between East and West Germany....
  ; all East European satellites break away from Moscow
• 1990 - Panama
  Panama
  
  Panama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on an isthmus connecting North and South America, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation....
  ; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega
  Manuel Noriega
  
  Manuel Antonio Noriega is a former Panamanian general and the military dictator of Panama from 1983 to 1989. He was never officially the president of Panama, but held the post of "chief executive officer" for a brief period in 1989....
  
• 1991 - Gulf War
  Gulf War
  
  "Persian Gulf War" and "First Gulf War" redirect here. For other uses, see Persian Gulf War .The Persian Gulf War was a United Nations-authorized military conflict between Iraq and a Coalition of Gulf War from 34 nations commissioned with expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait after Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait of Kuwait in August 1990....
  ; America leads a U.N.-authorized coalition to repel an Iraqi invasion out of neighboring Kuwait
  Kuwait
  
  The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed by Saudi Arabia to the south and Iraq to the north and west....
  .
• 1991-2003 - Iraq sanctions
  Iraq sanctions
  
  The Iraq sanctions were a near-total financial and trade embargo imposed by the United Nations Security Council against the nation of Iraq. They began August 6 1990, four days after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait , and continued until May 22 2003, after the fall of the Saddam Hussein government in the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq earlier that year...
  ; America and Great Britain maintain no-fly-zones in the north and south of Iraq with periodic bombings.
• 1991-93 - START II
  START II
  
  START II, the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, which was signed by United States President of the United States George H....
   accords held by America and Russia to limit nuclear weapons
• 1991 - The Soviet Union is dissolved; Mikhail Gorbachev
  Mikhail Gorbachev
  
  Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a Russian politician. He was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until 1991, and also the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1988 until its collapse in 1991....
   resigns

21st century

• 2001 - U.S. and NATO forces invade
  War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
  
  The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7, 2001 as the U.S. military operation Operation Enduring Freedom, was launched by the United States with the United Kingdom in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks....
   Afghanistan and overthrow the Taliban.
• 2003 - U.S.-led coalition
  Coalition Provisional Authority
  
  The Coalition Provisional Authority ???? ???????? ??????? was established as a transitional government following the invasion of Iraq by the United States, United Kingdom and the other members of the coalition of the willing which was formed to oust the government of Saddam Hussein in 2003....
   invades Iraq
  Iraq
  
  Iraq , officially the Republic of Iraq , is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros Mountains, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
   to overthrow Saddam Hussein
  Saddam Hussein
  
  Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti was the President of Iraq of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.A leading member of the revolutionary Ba'ath Party, which espoused secular pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and Arab socialism, Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup that brought the party to long-term power....
  ; troops remain to fight
  Iraq War
  
  The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, and Operation Iraqi Freedom, is an ongoing conflicts military campaign which began on March 20, 2003 with the 2003 invasion of Iraq by a Multinational force in Iraq now led by and composed almost entirely of troops from the United States and United King...
   insurgency
  Iraqi insurgency
  
  The Iraqi insurgency is composed of a diverse mix of militias, foreign fighters, all Iraqi units or mixtures using violent measures against the United States-led Multinational force in Iraq in Iraq and the post-2003 Iraqi government, or by propaganda or money supportive thereof....
   against the U.N.-approved elected government.
• 2006 - President George W. Bush
  George W. Bush
  
  George Walker Bush served as the List of Presidents of the United States President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was the 46th List of Governors of Texas from 1995 to 2000 before being United States presidential inauguration as President on January 20, 2001....
   signs the United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act into law.

Footnotes

See also

• Timeline of United States history
  
  This is a timeline of United States history.The United States Constitution was completed on September 17, 1787 and the history of the United States is divided up below into pre- and post-constitution....
  
• List of treaties
  List of treaties
  
  This list of treaties contains historic agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups....
  
• List of United States treaties
  List of United States treaties
  
  This is a list of Treaty to which the United States has been a party or which have had direct relevance to U.S. history....
  
• American diplomatic missions
  American diplomatic missions
  
  Benjamin Franklin established the first overseas mission of the United States in Paris in 1779. On April 19, 1782, John Adams was received by the States-General of the Netherlands, and the Dutch Republic became the second country, after France, to recognize the United States as an independent government....