Tiger beetle
Encyclopedia
The tiger beetles are a large group of beetle
Beetle
Coleoptera is an order of insects commonly called beetles. The word "coleoptera" is from the Greek , koleos, "sheath"; and , pteron, "wing", thus "sheathed wing". Coleoptera contains more species than any other order, constituting almost 25% of all known life-forms...

s known for their aggressive predatory habits and running speed. The fastest species of tiger beetle can run at a speed of 9 km/h (5.6 mph), which, relative to its body length, is about 22 times the speed of former Olympic sprinter Michael Johnson
Michael Johnson (athlete)
Michael Duane Johnson is a retired American sprinter. He won four Olympic gold medals and eight world championship gold medals. Johnson currently holds the world and Olympic records in the 400 m and 4 x 400 meters relay. He formerly held the world and Olympic record in the 200 m, and the world...

, the equivalent of a human running at 480 miles per hour (772.5 km/h). As of 2005, about 2,600 species and subspecies were known, with the richest diversity in the Oriental (Indo-Malayan) region, followed by the Neotropics.

Description

Tiger beetles often have large bulging eyes, long, slender legs and large curved mandibles
Mandible (arthropod)
thumb|250px|The mandibles of a [[Bull ant]]The mandible of an arthropod is either of a pair of mouthparts used for biting, cutting and holding food. Mandibles are often simply referred to as jaws. Mandibles are present in the extant subphyla Myriapoda , Crustacea and Hexapoda...

. All are predatory, both as adults and as larvae. The genus Cicindela
Cicindela
Cicindela are generally brightly colored and metallic beetles, often with some sort of patterning of ivory or cream-colored markings. They are most abundant and diverse in habitats with sandy soil , and very often near bodies of water, even if seasonally transient; along river, sea and lake shores,...

has a cosmopolitan distribution
Cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, a taxon is said to have a cosmopolitan distribution if its range extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. For instance, the killer whale has a cosmopolitan distribution, extending over most of the world's oceans. Other examples include humans, the lichen...

. Other well-known genera include Tetracha, Omus
Omus
Omus is a genus of tiger beetles, subfamily Cicindelinae. Its members are dark colored, nocturnal, and flightless. All members occur along the west coast of North America.Omus contains the following species:* Omus ambiguus Schaupp, 1884...

, Amblycheila
Amblycheila
Amblycheila is a genus of flightless, nocturnal tiger beetles. There are at least five species occurring sparsely over much of the central and western United States, and with a few more species found southwards into Mexico.Species include:...

and Manticora. While members of the genus Cicindela are usually diurnal
Diurnal animal
Diurnality is a plant or animal behavior characterized by activity during the day and sleeping at night.-In animals:Animals that are not diurnal might be nocturnal or crepuscular . Many animal species are diurnal, including many mammals, insects, reptiles and birds...

 and may be out on the hottest days, Tetracha, Omus, Amblycheila and Manticora are all nocturnal. Both Cicindela and Tetracha are often brightly colored, while the other genera mentioned are usually uniform black in color.

Tiger beetles in the genus Manticora are the largest in size of the subfamily. These live primarily in the deserts of South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

.

The larva
Larva
A larva is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle...

e of tiger beetles live in cylindrical burrows as much as a meter deep. They are large-headed, hump-backed grubs that flip backwards to capture prey insects that wander over the ground. The fast-moving adults run down their prey and are extremely fast on the wing, their reaction times being of the same order as that of common houseflies
Housefly
The housefly , Musca domestica, is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha...

. Some tiger beetles in the tropics are arboreal, but most run on the surface of the ground. They live along sea and lake shores, on sand dunes, around playa lakebeds and on clay banks or woodland paths, being particularly fond of sandy surfaces.

Tiger beetles are considered a good indicator species
Indicator species
An indicator species is any biological species that defines a trait or characteristic of the environment. For example, a species may delineate an ecoregion or indicate an environmental condition such as a disease outbreak, pollution, species competition or climate change...

 and have been used in ecological studies on biodiversity
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Biodiversity is a measure of the health of ecosystems. Biodiversity is in part a function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical regions are typically rich whereas polar regions...

. Several species of wingless parasitic wasps in the genus Methocha (family Tiphiidae
Tiphiidae
Tiphiidae is a family of large solitary wasps whose larvae are almost universally parasitoids of various beetle larvae, especially those in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea....

), lay their eggs on larvae of various Cicindela
Cicindela
Cicindela are generally brightly colored and metallic beetles, often with some sort of patterning of ivory or cream-colored markings. They are most abundant and diverse in habitats with sandy soil , and very often near bodies of water, even if seasonally transient; along river, sea and lake shores,...

 spp.
, such as Cicindela dorsalis
Cicindela dorsalis
Cicindela dorsalis is a species of tiger beetle found in the eastern United States. The larva of ssp. media moves by distorting its body into the shape of a wheel, and then rolling along the ground....

.

Systematics

Tiger beetles were traditionally classified as the family Cicindelidae but most authorities now treat them as the subfamily Cicindelinae of the Carabidae (ground beetle
Ground beetle
Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, approximately 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe.-Description and ecology:...

s). The most recent classifications, however, have relegated them to a monophyletic subgroup within the subfamily Carabinae
Carabinae
Carabinae is a subfamily of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following genera:* Aplothorax Waterhouse, 1841* Calosoma Weber, 1801* Carabus Linnaeus, 1758* Ceroglossus Solier, 1848* Cychropsis Boileau, 1901...

, though this is not yet universally accepted. Accordingly, there is no consensus classification for this group, at any level from family down to subspecies, and it can be exceedingly difficult to decipher the taxonomic literature surrounding this group.

Very many were described by the German entomologist Walther Horn
Walther Hermann Richard Horn
Walther Hermann Richard Horn was a German entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. He was born in Berlin, where he also died.He was first a physician then Director of the German Entomological Institute.-Selected works:...

.
The genera of tiger beetles include:
  • Abroscelis
    Abroscelis
    Abroscelis is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Abroscelis anchoralis Chevrolat, 1845* Abroscelis longipes Fabricius, 1798* Abroscelis maino MacLeay, 1876* Abroscelis mucronata Jordan, 1894...

    Hope, 1838
  • Amblycheila
    Amblycheila
    Amblycheila is a genus of flightless, nocturnal tiger beetles. There are at least five species occurring sparsely over much of the central and western United States, and with a few more species found southwards into Mexico.Species include:...

    Say, 1829
  • Aniara
    Aniara (genus)
    Aniara sepulchralis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Aniara....

    Hope, 1838
  • Antennaria
    Antennaria (beetle)
    Antennaria is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Antennaria crassicornis Macleay, 1888* Antennaria doddi Sloane, 1905* Antennaria ioscelis Hope, 1841* Antennaria sparsimpilosa Horn, 1913...

    Dokhtouroff, 1883
  • Apteroessa
    Apteroessa
    Apteroessa grossa is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Apteroessa....

    Hope, 1838
  • Archidela
    Archidela
    Archidela is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Archidela darwini * Archidela nigrina...

    Rivalier, 1963
  • Baloghiella
    Baloghiella
    Baloghiella caledonica is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Baloghiella....

    Mandl, 1981
  • Bennigsenium
    Bennigsenium
    Bennigsenium is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Bennigsenium basilewsky * Bennigsenium bodongi * Bennigsenium discoscriptum...

    W. Horn, 1897
  • Brasiella
    Brasiella
    Brasiella is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Brasiella acuniae * Brasiella adisi * Brasiella amoenula * Brasiella anulipes Brasiella is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Brasiella acuniae (Mutchler, 1924)*...

    Rivalier, 1954
  • Caledonica
    Caledonica
    Caledonica is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Caledonica acentra Chaudoir, 1869* Caledonica affinis Montrouzier, 1860* Caledonica arrogans...

    Chaudoir, 1860
  • Caledonomorpha
    Caledonomorpha
    Caledonomorpha is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Caledonomorpha darlingtoni Cassola, 1986* Caledonomorpha elegans Deuve, 1980* Caledonomorpha jordani W...

    W. Horn, 1897
  • Callytron
    Callytron
    Callytron is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Callytron alleni * Callytron andersoni * Callytron doriai * Callytron gyllenhalii...

    Gistl, 1848
  • Calomera
    Calomera
    Calomera is a genus of ground beetles native to the Palearctic, the Near East and northern Africa. It contains the following species: * Calomera alboguttata Klug, 1832* Calomera angulata Fabricius, 1798* Calomera aulica Dejean, 1831...

    Motschulsky, 1862
  • Calyptoglossa
    Calyptoglossa
    Calyptoglossa frontalis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Calyptoglossa....

    Jeannel, 1946
  • Cenothyla
    Cenothyla
    Cenothyla is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Cenothyla cognata * Cenothyla consobrina...

    Rivalier, 1969
  • Cephalota
    Cephalota
    Cephalota is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Cephalota atrata * Cephalota besseri * Cephalota chiloleuca...

    Dokhtouroff, 1883
  • Chaetodera
    Chaetodera
    Chaetodera is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Chaetodera albina * Chaetodera andriana * Chaetodera antatsima...

    Jeannel, 1946
  • Cheilonycha
    Cheilonycha
    Cheilonycha is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Cheilonycha auripennis Lucas, 1857* Cheilonycha chalybea...

    Lacordaire, 1843
  • Cheiloxya
    Cheiloxya
    Cheiloxya is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Cheiloxya binotata * Cheiloxya longipennis W. Horn, 1891...

    Guerin-Meneville, 1855
  • Cicindela
    Cicindela
    Cicindela are generally brightly colored and metallic beetles, often with some sort of patterning of ivory or cream-colored markings. They are most abundant and diverse in habitats with sandy soil , and very often near bodies of water, even if seasonally transient; along river, sea and lake shores,...

    Linnaeus, 1758
  • Collyris
    Collyris
    Collyris is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Collyris brevipennis Horn, 1901* Collyris colossea Naviaux, 1994* Collyris dohrni Chaudoir, 1860* Collyris dormeri Horn, 1898...

    Fabricius, 1801
  • Cratohaerea
    Cratohaerea
    Cratohaerea is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Cratohaerea brunet * Cratohaerea chrysopyga * Cratohaerea confusa Basilewsky, 1954...

    Chaudoir, 1850
  • Ctenostoma
    Ctenostoma
    Ctenostoma is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Ctenostoma abbreviatum Naviaux, 1998* Ctenostoma acciavattii Naviaux, 1998* Ctenostoma aeneum Naviaux, 1998...

    Klug, 1821
  • Cylindera
    Cylindera
    Cylindera is a genus of ground beetles native to the Palearctic, the Near East and northern Africa. It contains the following species:* Cylindera agnata * Cylindera albopunctata...

    Westwood, 1831
  • Darlingtonica
    Darlingtonica
    Darlingtonica papua is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Darlingtonica....

    Cassola, 1986
  • Derocrania
    Derocrania
    Derocrania is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Derocrania agnes * Derocrania brevicollis * Derocrania concinna Chaudoir, 1860...

    Chaudoir, 1860
  • Diastrophella
    Diastrophella
    Diastrophella is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Diastrophella pauliani Rivalier, 1957* Diastrophella richardi Rivalier, 1957...

    Rivalier, 1957
  • Dilatotarsa
    Dilatotarsa
    Dilatotarsa is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Dilatotarsa beccarii * Dilatotarsa cassolai Werner & Sawada, 1990* Dilatotarsa kinabaluensis...

    Dokhtouroff, 1882
  • Distipsidera
    Distipsidera
    Distipsidera is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Distipsidera eungellae McCairns, Freitag & McDonald, 1997* Distipsidera flavicans * Distipsidera flavipes Macleay, 1887...

    Westwood, 1837
  • Dromica
    Dromica
    Dromica is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Dromica abruptesculpta W.Horn, 1914* Dromica abukari Cassola, 1989* Dromica albicinctella Bates, 1878* Dromica albivittis Chaudoir, 1865...

    Dejean, 1826
  • Dromicoida
    Dromicoida
    Dromicoida elegantia is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Dromicoida....

    Werner, 1995
  • Dromochorus
    Dromochorus
    Dromochorus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Dromochorus belfragei Salle, 1877* Dromochorus pilatei Guerin-Meneville, 1845* Dromochorus pruininus Casey, 1897...

    Guerin-Meneville, 1845
  • Ellipsoptera
    Ellipsoptera
    Ellipsoptera is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Ellipsoptera blanda * Ellipsoptera cuprascens * Ellipsoptera gratiosa...

    Dokhtouroff, 1883
  • Enantiola
    Enantiola
    Enantiola is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Enantiola denticollis * Enantiola hewitti * Enantiola spinicollis...

    Rivalier, 1961
  • Eucallia
    Eucallia
    Eucallia boussingaultii is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Eucallia....

    Guerin-Meneville, 1844
  • Eunota
    Eunota
    Eunota togata is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Eunota....

    Rivalier, 1954
  • Euprosopus
    Euprosopus
    Euprosopus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Euprosopus chaudoirii Thomson, 1859* Euprosopus quadrinotatus...

    Dejean, 1825
  • Euryarthron
    Euryarthron
    Euryarthron is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Euryarthron babaulti * Euryarthron benningseni * Euryarthron bocandei...

    Guerin-Meneville, 1849
  • Eurymorpha
    Eurymorpha
    Eurymorpha cyanipes is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Eurymorpha....

    Hope, 1838
  • Euzona
    Euzona
    Euzona is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Euzona aeneodorsis Sloane, 1917* Euzona albolineata Macleay, 1888* Euzona aurita Sloane, 1904* Euzona cyanonota Sumlin, 1997...

    Rivalier, 1963
  • Grandopronotalia W. Horn, 1936
  • Guineica
    Guineica
    Guineica is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Guineica inaequidens * Guineica tetrachoides...

    Rivalier, 1963
  • Habrodera
    Habrodera
    Habrodera is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Habrodera capensis * Habrodera leucoptera * Habrodera nilotica * Habrodera nitidula...

    Motschulsky, 1862
  • Habroscelimorpha
    Habroscelimorpha
    Habroscelimorpha is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Habroscelimorpha auraria * Habroscelimorpha boops * Habroscelimorpha californica...

    Dokhtouroff, 1883
  • Heptodonta
    Heptodonta
    Heptodonta is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Heptodonta analis * Heptodonta arrowi Heptodonta is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Heptodonta analis (Fabricius, 1801)* Heptodonta arrowi Heptodonta is a...

    Hope, 1838
  • Hypaetha
    Hypaetha
    Hypaetha is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Hypaetha antiqua * Hypaetha biramosa * Hypaetha copulata * Hypaetha frenchi...

    Leconte, 1860
  • Iresia
    Iresia
    Iresia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Iresia aureorufa W. Horn, 1909* Iresia besckii Mannerheim, 1837* Iresia bimaculata Klug, 1834* Iresia binotata Klug, 1834...

    Dejean, 1831
  • Jansenia
    Jansenia
    Jansenia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Jansenia applanata * Jansenia azureocincta * Jansenia bangalorensis Cassola & Werner, 2003...

    Chaudoir, 1865
  • Langea
    Langea
    Langea is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Langea euprosopoides W. Horn, 1901* Langea fleutiauxi W. Horn, 1915* Langea mellicollis Sumlin, 1993...

    W. Horn, 1901
  • Leptognatha
    Leptognatha
    Leptognatha is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Leptognatha alticola * Leptognatha bishopi Cassola, 1986 * Leptognatha curvidentis Cassola, 1986...

    Rivalier, 1963
  • Lophyra
    Lophyra
    Lophyra is a genus of predatory beetles in the family Carabidae capable of flight. It contains the following species:* Lophyra abbreviata * Lophyra alba * Lophyra albens...

    Motschulsky, 1859
  • Macfarlandia
    Macfarlandia
    Macfarlandia arachnoides is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Macfarlandia....

    Sumlin, 1981
  • Manautea
    Manautea
    Manautea is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Manautea gracilior Deuve, 2006* Manautea millei Deuve, 2006* Manautea minimior Deuve, 2006* Manautea tripotini Deuve, 2006...

    Deuve, 2006
  • Mantica
    Mantica
    Mantica horni is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Mantica....

    Kolbe, 1896
  • Manticora Fabricius, 1792
  • Megacephala
    Megacephala
    Megacephala is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Megacephala acutipennis * Megacephala aequinoctialis * Megacephala affinis...

    Latreille, 1802
  • Megalomma
    Megalomma
    Megalomma is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Megalomma fulgens * Megalomma janaki Moravec, 2007* Megalomma oculatum * Megalomma pierreorum Deuve, 2000...

    Westwood, 1842
  • Metriocheila
    Metriocheila
    Metriocheila nigricollis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Metriocheila....

    Thomson, 1857
  • Micromentignatha
    Micromentignatha
    Micromentignatha is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Micromentignatha leai * Micromentignatha oblongicollis...

    Sumlin, 1981
  • Microthylax
    Microthylax
    Microthylax is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Microthylax olivaceus * Microthylax schaefferi * Microthylax sinaloae...

    Rivalier, 1954
  • Myriochila
    Myriochila
    Myriochila is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Myriochila akhteri Cassola & Wiesner, 2009* Myriochila albomarginalis * Myriochila atelesta...

    Motschulsky, 1862
  • Naviauxella
    Naviauxella
    Naviauxella is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Naviauxella davisona * Naviauxella declivitatis Naviaux, 1991* Naviauxella gabrieli Naviaux, 1991...

    Cassola, 1988
  • Neochila
    Neochila
    Neochila is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Neochila apicenitens Cassola, 2007* Neochila baderlei Mandl, 1981* Neochila congoana Mandl, 1964* Neochila glabrilabris Mandl, 1964...

    Basilewsky, 1953
  • Neocicindela
    Neocicindela
    Neocicindela is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Neocicindela austromontana * Neocicindela brevilunata Neocicindela is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Neocicindela austromontana (Bates, 1878)* Neocicindela...

    Rivalier, 1963
  • Neocollyris
    Neocollyris
    Neocollyris is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Neocollyris acrolia * Neocollyris acuteapicalis * Neocollyris acutilabris Naviaux, 1994...

    W. Horn, 1901
  • Neolaphyra
    Neolaphyra
    Neolaphyra is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Neolaphyra leucosticta * Neolaphyra peletieri * Neolaphyra ritchiei...

    Bedel, 1895
  • Nickerlea
    Nickerlea
    Nickerlea is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Nickerlea aesdorsalis Sumlin, 1997* Nickerlea distypsideroides Horn, 1899* Nickerlea nigrilabris Sumlin, 1997* Nickerlea sloanei...

    W. Horn, 1899
  • Notospira
    Notospira
    Notospira phalangioides is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Notospira....

    Rivalier, 1961
  • Odontocheila
    Odontocheila
    Odontocheila is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Odontocheila amabilis Chaudoir, 1860* Odontocheila angulipenis W. Horn, 1933* Odontocheila annulicornis Brulle, 1837...

    Laporte, 1834
  • Omus
    Omus
    Omus is a genus of tiger beetles, subfamily Cicindelinae. Its members are dark colored, nocturnal, and flightless. All members occur along the west coast of North America.Omus contains the following species:* Omus ambiguus Schaupp, 1884...

    Eschscholtz, 1829
  • Opilidia
    Opilidia
    Opilidia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Opilidia chlorocephala * Opilidia fulgidiceps * Opilidia graphiptera...

    Rivalier, 1954
  • Opisthencentrus
    Opisthencentrus
    Opisthencentrus dentipennis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Opisthencentrus....

    W. Horn, 1893
  • Orthocindela
    Orthocindela
    Orthocindela is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Orthocindela angustecincta Rivalier, 1972* Orthocindela heterida...

    Rivalier, 1972
  • Oxycheila
    Oxycheila
    Oxycheila is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Oxycheila affinis W. Horn, 1900* Oxycheila aquatica Guerin-Meneville, 1843* Oxycheila barkleyi Wiesner, 1999* Oxycheila binotata Gray, 1832...

    Dejean, 1825
  • Oxycheilopsis
    Oxycheilopsis
    Oxycheilopsis cretacicus is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Oxycheilopsis....

    Cassola & Werner, 2004
  • Oxygonia
    Oxygonia
    Oxygonia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Oxygonia annulipes Bates, 1872 * Oxygonia boucardi Chevrolat, 1881 * Oxygonia buckleyi Bates, 1872 * Oxygonia carissima Bates, 1872...

    Mannerheim, 1837
  • Oxygoniola
    Oxygoniola
    Oxygoniola chamaeleon is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Oxygoniola....

    W. Horn, 1892
  • Paraphysodeutera
    Paraphysodeutera
    Paraphysodeutera is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Paraphysodeutera kamilmoraveci J. Moravec, 2004* Paraphysodeutera maviauxi J. Moravec, 2002...

    J. Moravec, 2002
  • Pentacomia
    Pentacomia
    Pentacomia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Pentacomia biguttata * Pentacomia brasiliensis * Pentacomia brevipennis Pentacomia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Pentacomia biguttata (Dejean, 1825) *...

    Bates, 1872
  • Peridexia
    Peridexia
    Peridexia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Peridexia fulvipes * Peridexia hilaris...

    Chaudoir, 1860
  • Phyllodroma
    Phyllodroma
    Phyllodroma is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Phyllodroma cylindricollis * Phyllodroma hispidula...

    Lacordaire, 1843
  • Physodeutera
    Physodeutera
    Physodeutera is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Physodeutera adonis * Physodeutera alluaudi * Physodeutera andriai...

    Lacordaire, 1843
  • Picnochile
    Picnochile
    Picnochile fallaciosa is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Picnochile....

    Motschulsky, 1856
  • Platychile
    Platychile
    Platychile pallida is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Platychile....

    Macleay, 1825
  • Pogonostoma
    Pogonostoma
    Pogonostoma is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Pogonostoma abadiei Rivalier, 1965* Pogonostoma affine W.Horn, 1893* Pogonostoma alluaudi W.Horn, 1898...

    Klug, 1835
  • Polyrhanis
    Polyrhanis
    Polyrhanis is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Polyrhanis ancorifera * Polyrhanis arfakensis Matalin & Wiesner, 2008* Polyrhanis aruana...

    Rivalier, 1963
  • Pometon
    Pometon
    Pometon is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Pometon bolivianus Huber, 1999* Pometon singularis Fleutiaux, 1899...

    Fleutiaux, 1899
  • Prepusa
    Prepusa miranda
    Prepusa miranda is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Prepusa....

    Chaudoir, 1850
  • Probstia
    Probstia
    Probstia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Probstia astoni Wiesner, 2010* Probstia triumphalis * Probstia triumphaloides...

    Cassola, 2002
  • Pronyssa
    Pronyssa
    Pronyssa is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Pronyssa andrsi J.Moravec & Wiesner, 2001* Pronyssa assamensis Sawada & Wiesner, 1999 * Pronyssa ingridae Sawada &Wiesner, 1999...

    Bates, 1874
  • Pronyssiformia
    Pronyssiformia
    Pronyssiformia excoffieri is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Pronyssiformia....

    W. Horn, 1929
  • Prothyma
    Prothyma
    Prothyma is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Prothyma annamica Deuve, 2002* Prothyma assamensis Rivalier, 1964* Prothyma banksi W.Horn, 1923* Prothyma bidentilabris W.Horn, 1934...

    Hope, 1838
  • Prothymidia
    Prothymidia
    Prothymidia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Prothymidia angusticollis * Prothymidia foveicollis * Prothymidia gemmipravata...

    Rivalier, 1957
  • Protocollyris
    Protocollyris
    Protocollyris is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Protocollyris antennalis * Protocollyris brevilabris * Protocollyris bryanti Mandl, 1975...

    Mandl, 1975
  • Pseudoxycheila
    Pseudoxycheila
    Pseudoxycheila is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Pseudoxycheila andina Cassola, 1997* Pseudoxycheila angustata Chaudoir, 1865 * Pseudoxycheila atahualpa Cassola, 1997...

    Guerin-Meneville, 1839
  • Rhysopleura
    Rhysopleura
    Rhysopleura orbicollis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Rhysopleura....

    Sloane, 1906
  • Rhytidophaena
    Rhytidophaena
    Rhytidophaena is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Rhytidophaena feae * Rhytidophaena inornata * Rhytidophaena tetraspilota...

    Bates, 1891
  • Rivacindela
    Rivacindela
    Rivacindela is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Rivacindela aurifodina Sumlin, 1997 * Rivacindela avita Sumlin, 1997 * Rivacindela blackburni Sloane, 1906...

    Nidek, 1973
  • Ronhuberia
    Ronhuberia
    Ronhuberia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Ronhuberia eurytarsipennis * Ronhuberia fernandezi...

    J. Moravec & Kudrna, 2002
  • Salpingophora
    Salpingophora
    Salpingophora is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Salpingophora bellana * Salpingophora hanseatica * Salpingophora helferi...

    Rivalier, 1950
  • Socotrana
    Socotrana
    Socotrana labroturrita is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Socotrana....

    Cassola & Wranik, 1998
  • Stenocosmia
    Stenocosmia
    Stenocosmia is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Stenocosmia angusta Rivalier, 1965* Stenocosmia tenuicollis...

    Rivalier, 1965
  • Sumlinia
    Sumlinia
    Sumlinia halophila is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Sumlinia....

    Cassola & Werner, 2001
  • Therates
    Therates
    Therates is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Therates alboobliquatus W.Horn, 1909* Therates angustatus W.Horn, 1902* Therates annandalei W.Horn, 1908...

    Latreille, 1816
  • Thopeutica
    Thopeutica
    Thopeutica is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Thopeutica afonini Matalin, 1998* Thopeutica albapicalis * Thopeutica albolabiata Cassola & Brzoska, 2008...

    Schaum, 1861
  • Tricondyla
    Tricondyla
    Tricondyla is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Tricondyla annulicornis Schmidt-Goebel, 1846* Tricondyla aptera * Tricondyla beccarii Gestro, 1874...

    Latreille, 1822
  • Vata
    Vata (genus)
    Vata is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:* Vata gracilipalpis * Vata thomsoni...

    Fauvel, 1903
  • Waltherhornia
    Waltherhornia
    Waltherhornia speculifera is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Waltherhornia....

    Olsoufieff, 1934

Many of the genera result from the splitting of the large genus Cicindela
Cicindela
Cicindela are generally brightly colored and metallic beetles, often with some sort of patterning of ivory or cream-colored markings. They are most abundant and diverse in habitats with sandy soil , and very often near bodies of water, even if seasonally transient; along river, sea and lake shores,...

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External links

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