Thomson problem
Encyclopedia
The Thomson problem is to determine the minimum energy configuration of N electron
Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. It has no known components or substructure; in other words, it is generally thought to be an elementary particle. An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton...

s on the surface of a sphere that repel each other with a force given by Coulomb's law
Coulomb's law
Coulomb's law or Coulomb's inverse-square law, is a law of physics describing the electrostatic interaction between electrically charged particles. It was first published in 1785 by French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb and was essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism...

. The physicist J. J. Thomson
J. J. Thomson
Sir Joseph John "J. J." Thomson, OM, FRS was a British physicist and Nobel laureate. He is credited for the discovery of the electron and of isotopes, and the invention of the mass spectrometer...

 posed the problem in 1904 after creating his so-called plum pudding model
Plum pudding model
The plum pudding model of the atom by J. J. Thomson, who discovered the electron in 1897, was proposed in 1904 before the discovery of the atomic nucleus. In this model, the atom is composed of electrons The plum pudding model of the atom by J. J. Thomson, who discovered the electron in 1897, was...

 of the atom
Atom
The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The atomic nucleus contains a mix of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons...

.
Related problems include the study of the geometry of the minimum energy configuration and the study of the large N behavior of the minimum energy.

Mathematical statement

Let be a collection of distinct points on the unit sphere
Unit sphere
In mathematics, a unit sphere is the set of points of distance 1 from a fixed central point, where a generalized concept of distance may be used; a closed unit ball is the set of points of distance less than or equal to 1 from a fixed central point...

 centered at the origin.
The energy of this configuration of points is defined to be .
Thomson's problem is to minimize this energy over all possible collections of distinct points
on the unit sphere.

Known solutions

Minimal energy configurations have been rigorously identified in only a handful of cases.
In the case of two points, the optimal configuration consists of antipodal points.
For N=3, three equidistant points on a great circle
Great circle
A great circle, also known as a Riemannian circle, of a sphere is the intersection of the sphere and a plane which passes through the center point of the sphere, as opposed to a general circle of a sphere where the plane is not required to pass through the center...

 realize the minimum energy configuration.
. The vertices of a regular tetrahedron
Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, three of which meet at each vertex. A regular tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are regular, or "equilateral", and is one of the Platonic solids...

 minimize the energy in the case of 4 points. Yudin showed that the vertices of the regular octahedron
Octahedron
In geometry, an octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each vertex....

 solve the problem in the case of 6 vertices. N.N. Andreev provides a method to prove that the vertex set of the regular icosahedron
Icosahedron
In geometry, an icosahedron is a regular polyhedron with 20 identical equilateral triangular faces, 30 edges and 12 vertices. It is one of the five Platonic solids....

 provides a solution in the case of 12 vertices.
In 2010, Richard Schwartz announced a mathematically rigorous computer-aided solution for 5 points.

Generalizations

One can also ask for ground states of particles interacting with arbitrary potentials.
To be mathematically precise, let f be a decreasing real-valued function, and define the energy functional

Traditionally, one considers . Notable cases include α=∞, the Tammes problem
Tammes problem
In geometry, Tammes problem is a problem in packing a given number of circles on the surface of a sphere such that the minimum distance between circles is maximized. It is named after a Dutch botanist who posed the problem in 1930 while studying the distribution of pores on pollen grains...

 (packing); α=1, the Thomson problem; α=0, Whyte's problem (to maximize the product of distances).

One may also consider configurations of N points on a sphere of higher dimension.

Relations to other scientific problems

Though experimental evidence led to the abandonment of Thomson's plum pudding model
Plum pudding model
The plum pudding model of the atom by J. J. Thomson, who discovered the electron in 1897, was proposed in 1904 before the discovery of the atomic nucleus. In this model, the atom is composed of electrons The plum pudding model of the atom by J. J. Thomson, who discovered the electron in 1897, was...

, Thomson's problem has since found
a role in the study of other physical models.
These include multi-electron bubbles and the surface ordering of liquid metal drops confined in Pauli traps.

The generalized Thomson problem arises, for example, in determining the arrangements of the protein subunits which comprise the shells of spherical virus
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...

es. The "particles" in this application are clusters of protein subunits arranged on a shell. Other realizations include regular arrangements of colloid
Colloid
A colloid is a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance.A colloidal system consists of two separate phases: a dispersed phase and a continuous phase . A colloidal system may be solid, liquid, or gaseous.Many familiar substances are colloids, as shown in the chart below...

 particles in colloidosomes, proposed for encapsulation of active ingredients such as drugs, nutrients or living cells, fullerene
Fullerene
A fullerene is any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs, and they resemble the balls used in association football. Cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes...

 patterns of carbon atoms, and VSEPR Theory
VSEPR theory
Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory is a model in chemistry used to predict the shape of individual molecules based upon the extent of electron-pair electrostatic repulsion. It is also named Gillespie–Nyholm theory after its two main developers...

. An example with long-range logarithmic interactions is provided by the Abrikosov vortices which would form at low temperatures in a superconducting
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance occurring in certain materials below a characteristic temperature. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum...

 metal shell with a large monopole at the center.

Configurations of smallest known energy

In the following table is the number of points (charges) in a configuration. is the energy. The symmetry type is given in Schönflies notation (see Point groups in three dimensions
Point groups in three dimensions
In geometry, a point group in three dimensions is an isometry group in three dimensions that leaves the origin fixed, or correspondingly, an isometry group of a sphere. It is a subgroup of the orthogonal group O, the group of all isometries that leave the origin fixed, or correspondingly, the group...

). are the positions of the charges. Most symmetry types require the sum (and thus the electric dipole moment
Electric dipole moment
In physics, the electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system of charges, that is, a measure of the charge system's overall polarity with SI units of Coulomb-meter...

) to be zero.

It is customary to also consider the polyhedron formed by the convex hull
Convex hull
In mathematics, the convex hull or convex envelope for a set of points X in a real vector space V is the minimal convex set containing X....

 of the points. Thus is the number of vertices where the given number of edges meet. is the total number of edges and and are the number of triangle and quadrilateral faces. is the smallest angle between any two points.
N Symmetry
Point groups in three dimensions
In geometry, a point group in three dimensions is an isometry group in three dimensions that leaves the origin fixed, or correspondingly, an isometry group of a sphere. It is a subgroup of the orthogonal group O, the group of all isometries that leave the origin fixed, or correspondingly, the group...

Equivalent Polyhedron
2 0.500000000 0 - - - - - - - - - 180.000°
3 1.732050808 0 - - - - - - - - - 120.000°
4 3.674234614 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 0 109.471° tetrahedron
Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, three of which meet at each vertex. A regular tetrahedron is one in which the four triangles are regular, or "equilateral", and is one of the Platonic solids...

5 6.474691495 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 9 6 0 90.000° triangular dipyramid
Triangular dipyramid
In geometry, the triangular bipyramid is the first in the infinite set of face-transitive bipyramids. It is the dual of the triangular prism with 6 isosceles triangle faces....

6 9.985281374 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 12 8 0 90.000° octahedron
Octahedron
In geometry, an octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces. A regular octahedron is a Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each vertex....

7 14.452997414 0 0 5 2 0 0 0 15 10 0 72.000° pentagonal dipyramid
Pentagonal dipyramid
In geometry, the pentagonal bipyramid is third of the infinite set of face-transitive bipyramids.Each bipyramid is the dual of a uniform prism.If the faces are equilateral triangles, it is a deltahedron and a Johnson solid...

8 19.675287861 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 16 8 2 71.694° square antiprism
Square antiprism
In geometry, the square antiprism is the second in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps...

9 25.759986531 0 0 3 6 0 0 0 21 14 0 61.190° triaugmented triangular prism
Triaugmented triangular prism
In geometry, the triaugmented triangular prism is one of the Johnson solids . As the name suggests, it can be constructed by attaching square pyramids to each of the three equatorial faces of the triangular prism...

10 32.716949460 0 0 2 8 0 0 0 24 16 0 64.996° gyroelongated square dipyramid
Gyroelongated square dipyramid
In geometry, the gyroelongated square bipyramid is one of the Johnson solids . As the name suggests, it can be constructed by gyroelongating an octahedron by inserting a square antiprism between its congruent halves...

11 40.596450510 0.013219635 0 2 8 1 0 0 27 18 0 58.540°
12 49.165253058 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 30 20 0 63.435° icosahedron
Icosahedron
In geometry, an icosahedron is a regular polyhedron with 20 identical equilateral triangular faces, 30 edges and 12 vertices. It is one of the five Platonic solids....

13 58.853230612 0.008820367 0 1 10 2 0 0 33 22 0 52.317°
14 69.306363297 0 0 0 12 2 0 0 36 24 0 52.866° gyroelongated hexagonal dipyramid
15 80.670244114 0 0 0 12 3 0 0 39 26 0 49.225°
16 92.911655302 0 0 0 12 4 0 0 42 28 0 48.936°
17 106.050404829 0 0 0 12 5 0 0 45 30 0 50.108°
18 120.084467447 0 0 2 8 8 0 0 48 32 0 47.534°
19 135.089467557 0.000135163 0 0 14 5 0 0 50 32 1 44.910°
20 150.881568334 0 0 0 12 8 0 0 54 36 0 46.093°
21 167.641622399 0.001406124 0 1 10 10 0 0 57 38 0 44.321°
22 185.287536149 0 0 0 12 10 0 0 60 40 0 43.302°
23 203.930190663 0 0 0 12 11 0 0 63 42 0 41.481°
24 223.347074052 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 60 32 6 42.065° snub cube
Snub cube
In geometry, the snub cube, or snub cuboctahedron, is an Archimedean solid.The snub cube has 38 faces, 6 of which are squares and the other 32 are equilateral triangles. It has 60 edges and 24 vertices. It is a chiral polyhedron, that is, it has two distinct forms, which are mirror images of each...

25 243.812760299 0.001021305 0 0 14 11 0 0 68 44 1 39.610°
26 265.133326317 0.001919065 0 0 12 14 0 0 72 48 0 38.842°
27 287.302615033 0 0 0 12 15 0 0 75 50 0 39.940°
28 310.491542358 0 0 0 12 16 0 0 78 52 0 37.824°
29 334.634439920 0 0 0 12 17 0 0 81 54 0 36.391°
30 359.603945904 0 0 0 12 18 0 0 84 56 0 36.942°
31 385.530838063 0.003204712 0 0 12 19 0 0 87 58 0 36.373°
32 412.261274651 0 0 0 12 20 0 0 90 60 0 37.377°
33 440.204057448 0.004356481 0 0 15 17 1 0 92 60 1 33.700°
34 468.904853281 0 0 0 12 22 0 0 96 64 0 33.273°
35 498.569872491 0.000419208 0 0 12 23 0 0 99 66 0 33.100°
36 529.122408375 0 0 0 12 24 0 0 102 68 0 33.229°
37 560.618887731 0 0 0 12 25 0 0 105 70 0 32.332°
38 593.038503566 0 0 0 12 26 0 0 108 72 0 33.236°
39 626.389009017 0 0 0 12 27 0 0 111 74 0 32.053°
40 660.675278835 0 0 0 12 28 0 0 114 76 0 31.916°
41 695.916744342 0 0 0 12 29 0 0 117 78 0 31.528°
42 732.078107544 0 0 0 12 30 0 0 120 80 0 31.245°
43 769.190846459 0.000399668 0 0 12 31 0 0 123 82 0 30.867°
44 807.174263085 0 0 0 24 20 0 0 120 72 6 31.258°
45 846.188401061 0 0 0 12 33 0 0 129 86 0 30.207°
46 886.167113639 0 0 0 12 34 0 0 132 88 0 29.790°
47 927.059270680 0.002482914 0 0 14 33 0 0 134 88 1 28.787°
48 968.713455344 0 0 0 24 24 0 0 132 80 6 29.690°
49 1011.557182654 0.001529341 0 0 12 37 0 0 141 94 0 28.387°
50 1055.182314726 0 0 0 12 38 0 0 144 96 0 29.231°
51 1099.819290319 0 0 0 12 39 0 0 147 98 0 28.165°
52 1145.418964319 0.000457327 0 0 12 40 0 0 150 100 0 27.670°
53 1191.922290416 0.000278469 0 0 18 35 0 0 150 96 3 27.137°
54 1239.361474729 0.000137870 0 0 12 42 0 0 156 104 0 27.030°
55 1287.772720783 0.000391696 0 0 12 43 0 0 159 106 0 26.615°
56 1337.094945276 0 0 0 12 44 0 0 162 108 0 26.683°
57 1387.383229253 0 0 0 12 45 0 0 165 110 0 26.702°
58 1438.618250640 0 0 0 12 46 0 0 168 112 0 26.155°
59 1490.773335279 0.000154286 0 0 14 43 2 0 171 114 0 26.170°
60 1543.830400976 0 0 0 12 48 0 0 174 116 0 25.958°
61 1597.941830199 0.001091717 0 0 12 49 0 0 177 118 0 25.392°
62 1652.909409898 0 0 0 12 50 0 0 180 120 0 25.880°
63 1708.879681503 0 0 0 12 51 0 0 183 122 0 25.257°
64 1765.802577927 0 0 0 12 52 0 0 186 124 0 24.920°
65 1823.667960264 0.000399515 0 0 12 53 0 0 189 126 0 24.527°
66 1882.441525304 0.000776245 0 0 12 54 0 0 192 128 0 24.765°
67 1942.122700406 0 0 0 12 55 0 0 195 130 0 24.727°
68 2002.874701749 0 0 0 12 56 0 0 198 132 0 24.433°
69 2064.533483235 0 0 0 12 57 0 0 201 134 0 24.137°
70 2127.100901551 0 0 0 12 50 0 0 200 128 4 24.291°
71 2190.649906425 0.001256769 0 0 14 55 2 0 207 138 0 23.803°
72 2255.001190975 0 0 0 12 60 0 0 210 140 0 24.492°
73 2320.633883745 0.001572959 0 0 12 61 0 0 213 142 0 22.810°
74 2387.072981838 0.000641539 0 0 12 62 0 0 216 144 0 22.966°
75 2454.369689040 0 0 0 12 63 0 0 219 146 0 22.736°
76 2522.674871841 0.000943474 0 0 12 64 0 0 222 148 0 22.886°
77 2591.850152354 0 0 0 12 65 0 0 225 150 0 23.286°
78 2662.046474566 0 0 0 12 66 0 0 228 152 0 23.426°
79 2733.248357479 0.000702921 0 0 12 63 1 0 230 152 1 22.636°
80 2805.355875981 0 0 0 16 64 0 0 232 152 2 22.778°
81 2878.522829664 0.000194289 0 0 12 69 0 0 237 158 0 21.892°
82 2952.569675286 0 0 0 12 70 0 0 240 160 0 22.206°
83 3027.528488921 0.000339815 0 0 14 67 2 0 243 162 0 21.646°
84 3103.465124431 0.000401973 0 0 12 72 0 0 246 164 0 21.513°
85 3180.361442939 0.000416581 0 0 12 73 0 0 249 166 0 21.498°
86 3258.211605713 0.001378932 0 0 12 74 0 0 252 168 0 21.522°
87 3337.000750014 0.000754863 0 0 12 75 0 0 255 170 0 21.456°
88 3416.720196758 0 0 0 12 76 0 0 258 172 0 21.486°
89 3497.439018625 0.000070891 0 0 12 77 0 0 261 174 0 21.182°
90 3579.091222723 0 0 0 12 78 0 0 264 176 0 21.230°
91 3661.713699320 0.000033221 0 0 12 79 0 0 267 178 0 21.105°
92 3745.291636241 0 0 0 12 80 0 0 270 180 0 21.026°
93 3829.844338421 0.000213246 0 0 12 81 0 0 273 182 0 20.751°
94 3915.309269620 0 0 0 12 82 0 0 276 184 0 20.952°
95 4001.771675565 0.000116638 0 0 12 83 0 0 279 186 0 20.711°
96 4089.154010060 0.000036310 0 0 12 84 0 0 282 188 0 20.687°
97 4177.533599622 0.000096437 0 0 12 85 0 0 285 190 0 20.450°
98 4266.822464156 0.000112916 0 0 12 86 0 0 288 192 0 20.422°
99 4357.139163132 0.000156508 0 0 12 87 0 0 291 194 0 20.284°
100 4448.350634331 0 0 0 12 88 0 0 294 196 0 20.297°
101 4540.590051694 0 0 0 12 89 0 0 297 198 0 20.011°
102 4633.736565899 0 0 0 12 90 0 0 300 200 0 20.040°
103 4727.836616833 0.000201245 0 0 12 91 0 0 303 202 0 19.907°
104 4822.876522746 0 0 0 12 92 0 0 306 204 0 19.957°
105 4919.000637616 0 0 0 12 93 0 0 309 206 0 19.842°
106 5015.984595705 0 0 0 12 94 0 0 312 208 0 19.658°
107 5113.953547724 0.000064137 0 0 12 95 0 0 315 210 0 19.327°
108 5212.813507831 0.000432525 0 0 12 96 0 0 318 212 0 19.327°
109 5312.735079920 0.000647299 0 0 14 93 2 0 321 214 0 19.103°
110 5413.549294192 0 0 0 12 98 0 0 324 216 0 19.476°
111 5515.293214587 0 0 0 12 99 0 0 327 218 0 19.255°
112 5618.044882327 0 0 0 12 100 0 0 330 220 0 19.351°
113 5721.824978027 0 0 0 12 101 0 0 333 222 0 18.978°
114 5826.521572163 0.000149772 0 0 12 102 0 0 336 224 0 18.836°
115 5932.181285777 0.000049972 0 0 12 103 0 0 339 226 0 18.458°
116 6038.815593579 0.000259726 0 0 12 104 0 0 342 228 0 18.386°
117 6146.342446579 0.000127609 0 0 12 105 0 0 345 230 0 18.566°
118 6254.877027790 0.000332475 0 0 12 106 0 0 348 232 0 18.455°
119 6364.347317479 0.000685590 0 0 12 107 0 0 351 234 0 18.336°
120 6474.756324980 0.001373062 0 0 12 108 0 0 354 236 0 18.418°
121 6586.121949584 0.000838863 0 0 12 109 0 0 357 238 0 18.199°
122 6698.374499261 0 0 0 12 110 0 0 360 240 0 18.612°
123 6811.827228174 0.001939754 0 0 14 107 2 0 363 242 0 17.840°
124 6926.169974193 0 0 0 12 112 0 0 366 244 0 18.111°
125 7041.473264023 0.000088274 0 0 12 113 0 0 369 246 0 17.867°
126 7157.669224867 0 0 2 16 100 8 0 372 248 0 17.920°
127 7274.819504675 0 0 0 12 115 0 0 375 250 0 17.877°
128 7393.007443068 0.000054132 0 0 12 116 0 0 378 252 0 17.814°
129 7512.107319268 0.000030099 0 0 12 117 0 0 381 254 0 17.743°
130 7632.167378912 0.000025622 0 0 12 118 0 0 384 256 0 17.683°
131 7753.205166941 0.000305133 0 0 12 119 0 0 387 258 0 17.511°
132 7875.045342797 0 0 0 12 120 0 0 390 260 0 17.958°
133 7998.179212898 0.000591438 0 0 12 121 0 0 393 262 0 17.133°
134 8122.089721194 0.000470268 0 0 12 122 0 0 396 264 0 17.214°
135 8246.909486992 0 0 0 12 123 0 0 399 266 0 17.431°
136 8372.743302539 0 0 0 12 124 0 0 402 268 0 17.485°
137 8499.534494782 0 0 0 12 125 0 0 405 270 0 17.560°
138 8627.406389880 0.000473576 0 0 12 126 0 0 408 272 0 16.924°
139 8756.227056057 0.000404228 0 0 12 127 0 0 411 274 0 16.673°
140 8885.980609041 0.000630351 0 0 13 126 1 0 414 276 0 16.773°
141 9016.615349190 0.000376365 0 0 14 126 0 1 417 278 0 16.962°
142 9148.271579993 0.000550138 0 0 12 130 0 0 420 280 0 16.840°
143 9280.839851192 0.000255449 0 0 12 131 0 0 423 282 0 16.782°
144 9414.371794460 0 0 0 12 132 0 0 426 284 0 16.953°
145 9548.928837232 0.000094938 0 0 12 133 0 0 429 286 0 16.841°
146 9684.381825575 0 0 0 12 134 0 0 432 288 0 16.905°
147 9820.932378373 0.000636651 0 0 12 135 0 0 435 290 0 16.458°
148 9958.406004270 0.000203701 0 0 12 136 0 0 438 292 0 16.627°
149 10096.859907397 0.000638186 0 0 14 133 2 0 441 294 0 16.344°
150 10236.196436701 0 0 0 12 138 0 0 444 296 0 16.405°
151 10376.571469275 0.000153836 0 0 12 139 0 0 447 298 0 16.163°
152 10517.867592878 0 0 0 12 140 0 0 450 300 0 16.117°
153 10660.082748237 0 0 0 12 141 0 0 453 302 0 16.390°
154 10803.372421141 0.000735800 0 0 12 142 0 0 456 304 0 16.078°
155 10947.574692279 0.000603670 0 0 12 143 0 0 459 306 0 15.990°
156 11092.798311456 0.000508534 0 0 12 144 0 0 462 308 0 15.822°
157 11238.903041156 0.000357679 0 0 12 145 0 0 465 310 0 15.948°
158 11385.990186197 0.000921918 0 0 12 146 0 0 468 312 0 15.987°
159 11534.023960956 0.000381457 0 0 12 147 0 0 471 314 0 15.960°
160 11683.054805549 0 0 0 12 148 0 0 474 316 0 15.961°
161 11833.084739465 0.000056447 0 0 12 149 0 0 477 318 0 15.810°
162 11984.050335814 0 0 0 12 150 0 0 480 320 0 15.813°
163 12136.013053220 0.000120798 0 0 12 151 0 0 483 322 0 15.675°
164 12288.930105320 0 0 0 12 152 0 0 486 324 0 15.655°
165 12442.804451373 0.000091119 0 0 12 153 0 0 489 326 0 15.651°
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170 13226.681078541 0 0 0 12 158 0 0 504 336 0 15.569°
171 13386.355930717 0 0 0 12 159 0 0 507 338 0 15.497°
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175 14034.781306929 0.000026686 0 0 12 163 0 0 519 346 0 15.252°
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179 14698.754594220 0.000125113 0 0 13 165 1 0 531 354 0 14.968°
180 14867.099927525 0 0 0 12 168 0 0 534 356 0 15.067°
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183 15378.166571028 0.000467899 0 0 12 171 0 0 543 362 0 14.747°
184 15550.421450311 0 0 0 12 172 0 0 546 364 0 14.932°
185 15723.720074072 0.000389762 0 0 12 173 0 0 549 366 0 14.775°
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187 16072.975186320 0 0 0 12 175 0 0 555 370 0 14.848°
188 16249.222678879 0 0 0 12 176 0 0 558 372 0 14.740°
189 16426.371938862 0.000020732 0 0 12 177 0 0 561 374 0 14.671°
190 16604.428338501 0.000586804 0 0 12 178 0 0 564 376 0 14.501°
191 16783.452219362 0.001129202 0 0 13 177 1 0 567 378 0 14.195°
192 16963.338386460 0 0 0 12 180 0 0 570 380 0 14.819°
193 17144.564740880 0.000985192 0 0 12 181 0 0 573 382 0 14.144°
194 17326.616136471 0.000322358 0 0 12 182 0 0 576 384 0 14.350°
195 17509.489303930 0 0 0 12 183 0 0 579 386 0 14.375°
196 17693.460548082 0.000315907 0 0 12 184 0 0 582 388 0 14.251°
197 17878.340162571 0 0 0 12 185 0 0 585 390 0 14.147°
198 18064.262177195 0.000011149 0 0 12 186 0 0 588 392 0 14.237°
199 18251.082495640 0.000534779 0 0 12 187 0 0 591 394 0 14.153°
200 18438.842717530 0 0 0 12 188 0 0 594 396 0 14.222°
201 18627.591226244 0.001048859 0 0 13 187 1 0 597 398 0 13.830°
202 18817.204718262 0 0 0 12 190 0 0 600 400 0 14.189°
203 19007.981204580 0.000600343 0 0 12 191 0 0 603 402 0 13.977°
204 19199.540775603 0 0 0 12 192 0 0 606 404 0 14.291°
212 20768.053085964 0 0 0 12 200 0 0 630 420 0 14.118°
214 21169.910410375 0 0 0 12 202 0 0 636 424 0 13.771°
216 21575.596377869 0 0 0 12 204 0 0 642 428 0 13.735°
217 21779.856080418 0 0 0 12 205 0 0 645 430 0 13.902°
232 24961.252318934 0 0 0 12 220 0 0 690 460 0 13.260°
255 30264.424251281 0 0 0 12 243 0 0 759 506 0 12.565°
256 30506.687515847 0 0 0 12 244 0 0 762 508 0 12.572°
257 30749.941417346 0 0 0 12 245 0 0 765 510 0 12.672°
272 34515.193292681 0 0 0 12 260 0 0 810 540 0 12.335°
282 37147.294418462 0 0 0 12 270 0 0 840 560 0 12.166°
292 39877.008012909 0 0 0 12 280 0 0 870 580 0 11.857°
306 43862.569780797 0 0 0 12 294 0 0 912 608 0 11.628°
312 45629.313804002 0.000306163 0 0 12 300 0 0 930 620 0 11.299°
315 46525.825643432 0 0 0 12 303 0 0 939 626 0 11.337°
317 47128.310344520 0 0 0 12 305 0 0 945 630 0 11.423°
318 47431.056020043 0 0 0 12 306 0 0 948 632 0 11.219°
334 52407.728127822 0 0 0 12 322 0 0 996 664 0 11.058°
348 56967.472454334 0 0 0 12 336 0 0 1038 692 0 10.721°
357 59999.922939598 0 0 0 12 345 0 0 1065 710 0 10.728°
358 60341.830924588 0 0 0 12 346 0 0 1068 712 0 10.647°
372 65230.027122557 0 0 0 12 360 0 0 1110 740 0 10.531°
382 68839.426839215 0 0 0 12 370 0 0 1140 760 0 10.379°
390 71797.035335953 0 0 0 12 378 0 0 1164 776 0 10.222°
392 72546.258370889 0 0 0 12 380 0 0 1170 780 0 10.278°
400 75582.448512213 0 0 0 12 388 0 0 1194 796 0 10.068°
402 76351.192432673 0 0 0 12 390 0 0 1200 800 0 10.099°
432 88353.709681956 0 0 0 24 396 12 0 1290 860 0 9.556°
448 95115.546986209 0 0 0 24 412 12 0 1338 892 0 9.322°
460 100351.763108673 0 0 0 24 424 12 0 1374 916 0 9.297°
468 103920.871715127 0 0 0 24 432 12 0 1398 932 0 9.120°
470 104822.886324279 0 0 0 24 434 12 0 1404 936 0 9.059°
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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