Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (22 March 1366 – 22 September 1399) was an
EnglishEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
nobleman.
Mowbray was the son of
John de Mowbray, 4th Baron MowbrayJohn de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray was the son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray and Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster.As was the custom of lords at the time, de Mowbray served in the French wars...
(died 1368), and Elizabeth Segrave, Baroness Mowbray and
suo jure 5th Baroness Segrave (died 1375). His mother was the eldest daughter of John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave and
Margaret, Duchess of NorfolkMargaret, Duchess of Norfolk was Countess of Norfolk from 1338 to 1399. She was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, by his first wife Alice Hayles...
, who was the eldest daughter of
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of NorfolkThomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk was the son of Edward I of England and Marguerite of France. Thomas was born at the Manor House in Brotherton. His mother was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour...
, a son of
Edward I of EnglandEdward I , also known as Edward Longshanks, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English Barons. In 1259 he briefly sided with a baronial...
and his second
Queen consortA queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. A queen consort usually shares her husband's rank and holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles...
Marguerite of FranceMargaret of France , a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant, was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I of England.-Marriage:...
.
Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (22 March 1366 – 22 September 1399) was an
EnglishEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
nobleman.
Mowbray was the son of
John de Mowbray, 4th Baron MowbrayJohn de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray was the son of John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray and Joan Plantagenet, daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster.As was the custom of lords at the time, de Mowbray served in the French wars...
(died 1368), and Elizabeth Segrave, Baroness Mowbray and
suo jure 5th Baroness Segrave (died 1375). His mother was the eldest daughter of John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave and
Margaret, Duchess of NorfolkMargaret, Duchess of Norfolk was Countess of Norfolk from 1338 to 1399. She was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, by his first wife Alice Hayles...
, who was the eldest daughter of
Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of NorfolkThomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk was the son of Edward I of England and Marguerite of France. Thomas was born at the Manor House in Brotherton. His mother was staying at Pontefract Castle and was following a hunt when she went into labour...
, a son of
Edward I of EnglandEdward I , also known as Edward Longshanks, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English Barons. In 1259 he briefly sided with a baronial...
and his second
Queen consortA queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. A queen consort usually shares her husband's rank and holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles...
Marguerite of FranceMargaret of France , a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant, was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I of England.-Marriage:...
. Thus Mowbray was a great-great-grandson of King Edward I.
On 10 February 1382, he succeeded his brother
JohnJohn Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham, 5th Baron Mowbray was the son of John de Mowbray, 4th Baron Mowbray.Mowbray was created Earl of Nottingham by Richard II...
as
6th Baron Mowbray and
7th Baron Segrave, and soon afterwards was created
Earl of Nottingham, a title that had also been created for his elder brother. Three years later he was appointed
Earl Marshal of EnglandEarl Marshal is an ancient chivalric title used separately in England, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and formerly in Scotland.- England :...
, and in that capacity he fought against the
ScotsScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
and then against the
FrenchFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
.
Lord Nottingham was one of the
Lords AppellantThe Lords Appellant were a group of powerful barons who came together during the 1380s to seize political control of England from King Richard II. The group was so called because its members claimed simply to be appealing to the King for good government...
to
King Richard IIRichard II was the eighth King of England of the House of Plantagenet. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III...
who deposed some of King Richard's court favorites in 1387. The King's uncle, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, was imprisoned at Calais, where Nottingham was Captain. When Gloucester was killed in 1397, it was probably at the King's orders and probably with Nottingham's involvement. A few weeks later he was created
Duke of NorfolkThe Duke of Norfolk is the Premier Duke in the peerage of England, and also, as Earl of Arundel, the Premier Earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, the Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the...
. His aged grandmother, the
Countess of NorfolkMargaret, Duchess of Norfolk was Countess of Norfolk from 1338 to 1399. She was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, by his first wife Alice Hayles...
, was still alive; she was created Duchess of Norfolk for life. When she died the next year he also became
3rd Earl of Norfolk.
Later, in 1398, Norfolk quarrelled with
Henry of Bolingbroke, 1st Duke of HerefordHenry IV was King of England and Lord of Ireland . Like other kings of England, at that time, he also claimed the title of King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence the other name by which he was known, Henry Bolingbroke...
(later King Henry IV), apparently due to mutual suspicions stemming from their roles in the conspiracy against the Duke of Gloucester. The King banished them both. After Hereford returned and usurped the throne, Norfolk was stripped of the Dukedom of Norfolk, though he retained his other titles. He died of the plague ("
pestilenceA pestilence is any virulent and highly infectious disease that can cause an epidemic or even a pandemic. The word can also be used about parasites causing large scale sickness and death, such as Guinea worm...
") in
VeniceVenice is a city in northern Italy, the capital of the region Veneto, a population of 271,367 . Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area . The city historically was an independent nation...
, on 22 September 1399.
The matter of Norfolk's quarrel and subsequent banishment is depicted at the beginning of
ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...
's
Richard IIKing Richard the Second is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to be written in approximately 1595. It is based on the life of King Richard II of England and is the first part of a tetralogy, referred to by some scholars as the Henriad, followed by three plays concerning Richard's...
.
Norfolk had no children by his first wife, Elizabeth le Strange,
suo jure 3rd Baroness Strange, daughter and heiress of John le Strange, 2nd Baron Strange. He had two sons by his second wife,
Lady Elizabeth FitzAlanLady Elizabeth Fitzalan, Duchess of Norfolk was an English noblewoman and the wife of Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk...
, daughter of
Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel and 10th Earl of Surrey was an English medieval nobleman and military commander.-Lineage:...
:
ThomasThomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk and 2nd Earl of Nottingham , English nobleman and rebel, was the son of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan....
, later 4th Earl of Norfolk; and
JohnJohn de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk was an English nobleman.He was the younger son of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and succeeded his elder brother Thomas as 5th Earl of Norfolk and 3rd Earl of Nottingham in 1405...
, later 5th Earl of Norfolk, later restored as 2nd Duke of Norfolk and also a daughter, Margaret Mowbray, who married Sir Robert Howard, and parented
John Howard, 1st Duke of NorfolkJohn Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk was an English nobleman, soldier, and the first Howard duke of Norfolk. He was a close friend and loyal supporter of King Richard III of England with whom he died in combat at the Battle of Bosworth.-Career:John Howard was the son of Sir Robert Howard and the...
.