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Theta


 
 

Theta (uppercase T, lowercase ? or ; ) is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabetGreek alphabet

The Greek alphabet is an alphabet that has been used to write the Greek language since about the 9th century BC....
, derived from the Phoenician letter TethTeth

' is the ninth letter of many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew , Syriac and Arabic ....
. In the system of Greek numeralsGreek numerals

Greek numerals are a system of representing numbers using letters of the Greek alphabet....
 it has a value of 9. In Classical Greek ? represented an aspiratedAspiration (phonetics)

In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents....
 voiceless dental plosiveVoiceless dental plosive

The voiceless dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages....
 , but in Koiné and later dialects it became a voiceless dental fricativeVoiceless dental fricative

The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages....
 . In American English the name of the letter is commonly . In British EnglishBritish English

British English is a term used to distinguish the form of the English language used in the British Isles from forms used el...
, the name is pronounced .

Letters such as the early Cyrillic letter fitaFita

Fita is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek Theta....
developed from ?.

In its archaicArchaic period in Greece

The archaic period in Greece is the period during which the ancient Greek city-states developed, and is normally taken to co...
 form, ? was written as:
  • a cross within a circle


  • and later, as a line or point within a circle.


According to Porphyry of Tyros, the EgyptianAncient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a long-lived ancient civilization in north-eastern Africa....
s used an X within a circle as a symbolSymbol

A symbol, in its basic sense, is a conventional representation of a concept; i.e., an idea, object, quality, quantity, etc....
 of the soul; having a value of nine, it was used as a symbol for EnneadEnnead

The Ennead is a grouping of nine deities, most often used in the context of Egyptian mythology....
. Johannes Lydus says that the EgyptiansEgyptians

group = Egyptians??????? ' han.Remenkimi...
 used a symbol for Kosmos in the form of theta, with a fiery circle representing the world, and a snake spanning the middle representing Agathos Daimon (literally: good spirit).

The Egyptians also used the symbol of a point within a circle to represent the sun, which might be a possible origin of its use as the Sun's astrological glyph. It is worthwhile to note that (theta) has the same numerical value in isopsephyIsopsephy

Isopsephy is the Greek language word for the practice of adding up the number values of the letters in a word to form a sing...
 as ????? (HeliosHelios

In Greek mythology the sun was personified as Hlios or Helius, as it is commonly spelt in English ....
): 318.

In classical Athens, it was used as an abbreviation for the GreekGreek language

Greek has a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest of any single language within the Indo-European family....
 ???at?? (thanatos, “death”) and as it vaguely resembles a human skull, theta was used as a warning symbol of deathThanatos

In Greek mythology, Thanatos was the personification of death, and a minor figure in Greek mythology....
, in the same way that skull and crossbonesSkull and crossbones

A skull and crossbones is a symbol consisting of a human skull and two bones crossed together under the skull....
 are used in modern times. It survives on potsherds used by Athenians when voting for the death penalty. Petrus de DaciaPetrus de Dacia

Petrus de Dacia was a monk often credited with being the first author in Sweden although he wrote in Latin....
 in a document from 1291 relates the idea that theta was used to brand criminals as empty ciphers, and the branding rod was affixed to the crossbar spanning the circle.

Symbol


The lower-case letter ? is used as a symbol for:
  • A plane angleAngle

    An angle is the figure formed by two rays sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle....
     in geometry.
  • A special functionTheta function

    In mathematics, theta functions are special functions of several complex variables....
     of several complex variables.
  • The voiceless dental fricativeVoiceless dental fricative

    The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages....
     in the International Phonetic AlphabetInternational Phonetic Alphabet Overview

    The International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists....
    , such as in the words thick or thin (but not as in the, which is the voiced dental fricativeVoiced dental fricative

    The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages....
    ).
  • The Potential temperaturePotential temperature

    The potential temperature of a parcel of air at pressure is the temperature that the parcel would acquire if adiabatically ...
     in meteorologyMeteorology

    Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting....
    .
  • The score of a test taker in item response theoryItem response theory

    Item response theory is a body of related psychometric theory that provides a foundation for scaling persons and items based...
    .
  • Theta Type Replication: a type of bacterial DNA replicationDNA replication

    DNA replication or DNA synthesis is the process of copying a double-stranded DNA strand in a cell, prior to cell divis...
     specific to circular chromosomes
  • Threshold value of an artificial neuron.
  • Theta has also gained a new significance in the north-eastern region of the United States as a symbol for affection, in a similar capacity to the “heart” symbol.
  • The parameter in the likelihood functionLikelihood function

    Likelihood as a solitary term is a shorthand for likelihood function....



The upper-case letter T is used as a symbol for:
  • Dimensionless temperature in transport phenomenaFacts About Transport phenomena

    In physics, chemistry and engineering, a transport phenomenon is any of various mechanisms by which particles or quantities ...
    .
  • Big O notationBig O notation

    Big O notation or Big Oh notation, and also Landau notation or asymptotic notation, is a mathematical nota...
    . Denoting an asymptotically tight bound in analysis of algorithms.
  • T (set theory)T (set theory) Overview

    In set theory, Θ is the least ordinal α such that there is no surjection from the reals onto α....
    , a certain ordinal numberOrdinal number

    Commonly, ordinal numbers, or ordinals for short, are numbers used to denote the position in an ordered sequence: firs...
    .
  • Representing pentaquarkPentaquark

    A pentaquark is an hypothetical subatomic particle consisting of a group of five quarks, or more specifically four quarks an...
    s, exotic baryonBaryon

    In particle physics, the baryons are the family of subatomic particles which are made of three quarks....
    s in particle physicsParticle physics

    Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary constituents of matter and radiation, and the interactio...
    .
  • Earth DayEarth Day Summary

    ...
    .
  • Brain Signal FrequencyElectroencephalography

    Electroencephalography is the neurophysiologic measurement of the electrical activity of the brain by recording from electro...
     (Beta, Alpha, Theta, Delta) ranging from 4–8 Hz
  • One of the variables known as Greeks (finance)Greeks (finance)

    In mathematical finance, the Greeks are the quantities representing the market sensitivities of options or other derivative...
    , representing the lost-value rate of an option over time.

Usage in names

  • Kappa Alpha ThetaKappa Alpha Theta Summary

    Kappa Alpha Theta is an international women's fraternity founded on January 27, 1870 at DePauw University....
     is a sorority whose members are designated “Thetas”.
  • Theta refers to a member of Sigma Phi Theta, a local fraternity at Texas Lutheran UniversityTexas Lutheran University Summary

    Texas Lutheran University is an undergraduate, private, coeducational university affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Ch...
    .
  • Theta is also the name of a melodic death metalMelodic death metal

    Melodic death metal is a subgenre of extreme metal....
     band based in Plattsburgh, New York.
  • Theta is the name of a biological weapon and boss featured in the Atari video game Area 51.
  • Thetamen is a nickname also used by the fraternityFraternities and sororities

    The terms "fraternity" and "sorority" may be used to describe any number of social and charitable organizations, for ...
     Iota Phi ThetaIota Phi Theta

    The name Iota Phi Theta can refer to two US fraternities:...
    .
  • Theta Phi Alpha is a sorority.
  • Theta refers to a member of the Alpha Pi Theta Brotherhood of Emerson CollegeEmerson College Overview

    Emerson College was founded in 1880 by Charles Wesley Emerson as a "school of oratory," in Boston, Massachusetts....
  • is a name for healing procedure where practitioner and client enter theta brainwawe frequency.
  • Theta Delta BetaTheta Delta Beta

    , and [[California State University, Long Beach|CSU Long Beach]...
     is a fraternity whose members are referred as "Thetas" in Southern California.