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The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)

 
The Maltese Falcon (1941 Film)

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The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)



 
 


The Maltese Falcon is an American
Cinema of the United States

United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. Its history is sometimes separated into four main periods: the silent film era, Classical Hollywood cinema, New Hollywood, and the contemporary period ....
 1941
1941 in film

The year 1941 in film involved some significant events....
 Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.

Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. is one of the world's largest film producer of film and television.It is a subsidiary of Time Warner, with its headquarters in Burbank, California and New York City....
 film based on the novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett
Dashiell Hammett

Samuel Dashiell Hammett was an United States author of hardboiled detective fiction novels and short stories. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade , Nick and Nora Charles , and the Continental Op ....
. Written and directed by John Huston
John Huston

John Marcellus Huston was an United States film director and actor. He was known for directing the films, The Maltese Falcon , The Asphalt Jungle , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre , Key Largo , The African Queen , The Misfits , and The Man Who Would Be King ....
, the movie stars Humphrey Bogart
Humphrey Bogart

Humphrey DeForest Bogart was an United_States_of_America actor and cultural icon. In 1997, Entertainment Weekly magazine named him the number one movie legend of all time....
 as private investigator
Private investigator

A private investigator or private detective is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigations. Private investigators often work for lawyers in civil cases....
 Sam Spade
Sam Spade

Sam Spade is a fictional character who is the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's novel The Maltese Falcon and the various films and adaptations based on it, as well as in three lesser known short stories written by Hammett....
, Mary Astor
Mary Astor

Mary Astor was an Academy Awards-winning United States actress. Most famous for her role as Brigid O'Shaughnessy in The Maltese Falcon opposite Humphrey Bogart, Astor began her long film career as a teenager in the silent films of the early 1920 in film....
 as his femme fatale
Femme fatale

A femme fatale is an alluring and Seduction woman whose charms ensnare her lovers in bonds of irresistible desire, often leading them into compromising, dangerous, and deadly situations....
 client, Sydney Greenstreet
Sydney Greenstreet

Sydney Walter Hughes Greenstreet was an England actor, best known for his work with Humphrey Bogart and Peter Lorre in the 1940s....
 in his film debut, and Peter Lorre
Peter Lorre

Peter Lorre , born L?szl? L?wenstein, was a Hungarian people - Austrian - United States actor frequently typecast as a sinister foreigner....
. The film was Huston's directorial debut and was nominated for three Academy Awards
Academy Awards

The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers....
.

The story concerns a San Francisco private detective's dealings with three unscrupulous adventurers who compete to obtain a fabulous jewel-encrusted statuette of a falcon.

The Maltese Falcon has been named as one of the greatest films of all time by Roger Ebert
Roger Ebert

Roger Joseph Ebert born June 18, 1942) is an United States film criticism and screenwriter.He is known for his film review column and for two television programs Sneak Previews and At the Movies , which he co-hosted for a combined 23 years with Gene Siskel....
, and Entertainment Weekly
Entertainment Weekly

Entertainment Weekly is a magazine published by Time Inc. in the United States which covers movies, television, music, Broadway stage productions, books, and popular culture....
, and was cited by Panorama du Film Noir Américain, the French book that coined the term film noir
Film noir

Film noir is a film term used primarily to describe stylish cinema of the United States Crime film, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation....
, as the first film of that genre.

The film premiered on October 3, 1941 in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
 and in was selected for inclusion in the Library of Congress
Library of Congress

The Library of Congress is the de facto national library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and holds the largest number of books....
' National Film Registry
National Film Registry

The National Film Registry is the registry of films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress....
.
antihero protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's
Dashiell Hammett

Samuel Dashiell Hammett was an United States author of hardboiled detective fiction novels and short stories. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade , Nick and Nora Charles , and the Continental Op ....
 The Maltese Falcon, private investigator Sam Spade
Sam Spade

Sam Spade is a fictional character who is the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's novel The Maltese Falcon and the various films and adaptations based on it, as well as in three lesser known short stories written by Hammett....
, is based on the author's experiences as a private detective for the Pinkerton Detective Agency
Pinkerton National Detective Agency

The Pinkerton National Detective Agency, usually shortened to the Pinkertons, was a private United States security guard and detective agency established by Allan Pinkerton in 1850....
 in San Francisco.






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Quotations


(To Joel Cairo) When you're slapped, you'll take it and like it.

A guy without a conscience! A dame without a heart!

He's as fast on the draw as he is in the drawing room!

I've got to keep in some sort of touch with all the loose ends of this dizzy affair if I'm ever gonna make heads or tails of it.

Kasper Gutman: By gad, Sir. You are a chap worth knowing, an amazing character...

Sorry I got up on my hind legs, boys, but you fellas tryin' to rope me made me nervous. Miles gettin' bumped off upset me, and then you birds crackin' foxy, but it's all right now, now that I know what it's all about.






Encyclopedia




The Maltese Falcon is an American
Cinema of the United States

United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century. Its history is sometimes separated into four main periods: the silent film era, Classical Hollywood cinema, New Hollywood, and the contemporary period ....
 1941
1941 in film

The year 1941 in film involved some significant events....
 Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.

Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. is one of the world's largest film producer of film and television.It is a subsidiary of Time Warner, with its headquarters in Burbank, California and New York City....
 film based on the novel of the same name by Dashiell Hammett
Dashiell Hammett

Samuel Dashiell Hammett was an United States author of hardboiled detective fiction novels and short stories. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade , Nick and Nora Charles , and the Continental Op ....
. Written and directed by John Huston
John Huston

John Marcellus Huston was an United States film director and actor. He was known for directing the films, The Maltese Falcon , The Asphalt Jungle , The Treasure of the Sierra Madre , Key Largo , The African Queen , The Misfits , and The Man Who Would Be King ....
, the movie stars Humphrey Bogart
Humphrey Bogart

Humphrey DeForest Bogart was an United_States_of_America actor and cultural icon. In 1997, Entertainment Weekly magazine named him the number one movie legend of all time....
 as private investigator
Private investigator

A private investigator or private detective is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigations. Private investigators often work for lawyers in civil cases....
 Sam Spade
Sam Spade

Sam Spade is a fictional character who is the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's novel The Maltese Falcon and the various films and adaptations based on it, as well as in three lesser known short stories written by Hammett....
, Mary Astor
Mary Astor

Mary Astor was an Academy Awards-winning United States actress. Most famous for her role as Brigid O'Shaughnessy in The Maltese Falcon opposite Humphrey Bogart, Astor began her long film career as a teenager in the silent films of the early 1920 in film....
 as his femme fatale
Femme fatale

A femme fatale is an alluring and Seduction woman whose charms ensnare her lovers in bonds of irresistible desire, often leading them into compromising, dangerous, and deadly situations....
 client, Sydney Greenstreet
Sydney Greenstreet

Sydney Walter Hughes Greenstreet was an England actor, best known for his work with Humphrey Bogart and Peter Lorre in the 1940s....
 in his film debut, and Peter Lorre
Peter Lorre

Peter Lorre , born L?szl? L?wenstein, was a Hungarian people - Austrian - United States actor frequently typecast as a sinister foreigner....
. The film was Huston's directorial debut and was nominated for three Academy Awards
Academy Awards

The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers....
.

The story concerns a San Francisco private detective's dealings with three unscrupulous adventurers who compete to obtain a fabulous jewel-encrusted statuette of a falcon.

The Maltese Falcon has been named as one of the greatest films of all time by Roger Ebert
Roger Ebert

Roger Joseph Ebert born June 18, 1942) is an United States film criticism and screenwriter.He is known for his film review column and for two television programs Sneak Previews and At the Movies , which he co-hosted for a combined 23 years with Gene Siskel....
, and Entertainment Weekly
Entertainment Weekly

Entertainment Weekly is a magazine published by Time Inc. in the United States which covers movies, television, music, Broadway stage productions, books, and popular culture....
, and was cited by Panorama du Film Noir Américain, the French book that coined the term film noir
Film noir

Film noir is a film term used primarily to describe stylish cinema of the United States Crime film, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation....
, as the first film of that genre.

The film premiered on October 3, 1941 in New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
 and in was selected for inclusion in the Library of Congress
Library of Congress

The Library of Congress is the de facto national library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and holds the largest number of books....
' National Film Registry
National Film Registry

The National Film Registry is the registry of films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress....
.

Background

The antihero protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's
Dashiell Hammett

Samuel Dashiell Hammett was an United States author of hardboiled detective fiction novels and short stories. Among the enduring characters he created are Sam Spade , Nick and Nora Charles , and the Continental Op ....
 The Maltese Falcon, private investigator Sam Spade
Sam Spade

Sam Spade is a fictional character who is the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's novel The Maltese Falcon and the various films and adaptations based on it, as well as in three lesser known short stories written by Hammett....
, is based on the author's experiences as a private detective for the Pinkerton Detective Agency
Pinkerton National Detective Agency

The Pinkerton National Detective Agency, usually shortened to the Pinkertons, was a private United States security guard and detective agency established by Allan Pinkerton in 1850....
 in San Francisco. Hammett not only invested Spade with characteristics drawn from his own personality but also gave him his own first name, Samuel, which Hammett had discarded when he launched his career as a writer.

Hammett also drew upon his years as a detective in creating many of the other characters for The Maltese Falcon, which reworks elements from two of his stories published in Black Mask
Black Mask

Black Mask was a pulp magazine launched in 1920 by journalist H. L. Mencken and drama critic George Jean Nathan as one of a number of money-making publishing ventures to support the prestigious literary magazine The Smart Set, which Mencken edited, and which operated at a loss....
 magazine in 1925, "The Whosis Kid" and "The Gutting of Couffignal". The novel itself was serialized in five parts in Black Mask in 1929-30 before being published in book form in 1930 by Alfred A. Knopf.

The 1941 film is the third film version of the novel. The first
The Maltese Falcon (1931 film)

The Maltese Falcon is a 1931 in film Warner Bros. crime film based on The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett. It was directed by Roy Del Ruth and stars Ricardo Cortez as private detective Sam Spade and Bebe Daniels in the role of Ruth Wonderly....
, released in , starred Ricardo Cortez
Ricardo Cortez

Ricardo Cortez was a film actor who began his career during the silent film era.Born Jacob Krantz in New York City into a Jewish family, he worked on Wall Street before his looks got him into the film business....
 as Sam Spade, while the second, called Satan Met a Lady
Satan Met a Lady

Satan Met a Lady is a 1936 in film Warner Bros. comedy film/detective film loosely based on Dashiell Hammett's The Maltese Falcon, and starring Bette Davis – who reportedly considered it one of the worst films of her career – and Warren William....
, was a loose adaptation that turned the story into a light comedy, with the characters renamed. It was released in and starred Warren William
Warren William

Warren William was a Broadway theatre and Hollywood actor, born the son of Freeman E. and Frances Krech, Warren William Krech in Aitkin, Minnesota....
 and a young Bette Davis
Bette Davis

Ruth Elizabeth "Bette" Davis was an American actress of film, television and theatre. Noted for her willingness to play unsympathetic characters, she was highly regarded for her performances in a range of film genres; from contemporary crime films to historical film and period piece and occasional comedy, though her greatest successes were h...
, only five years into her long film career.

Warner Brothers had been prevented by the Hays Office
Production Code

File:Code hays, cover.gifThe Production Code was the set of industry censorship guidelines, and the office enforcing them, which governed the production of Cinema of the United States from 1930 to 1968....
 censors
Censorship

Censorship is the suppression of freedom of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable, harmful or sensitive, as determined by a censor....
 from re-releasing the 1931 version due to its "lewd" content, which is possibly what caused them to go into production in 1941 with a new, cleaned-up version. (It was not until after 1966 that unedited copies of the 1931 film could legally be shown in the U.S.) The 1941 film still managed to sneak some homosexual innuendo past the censors.

Plot

"In 1539, the Knights Templar
Knights Templar

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon , commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order of the Temple , were among the most famous of the History of Christianity#Sanctification of knighthood military orders....
 of Malta paid tribute to Charles V
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556....
 of Spain by sending him a Golden Falcon encrusted from beak to claw with rarest jewels -- but pirates seized the galley carrying this priceless token and the fate of the Maltese Falcon remains a mystery to this day."


In 1941 San Francisco, private investigator
Private investigator

A private investigator or private detective is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigations. Private investigators often work for lawyers in civil cases....
s Sam Spade
Sam Spade

Sam Spade is a fictional character who is the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's novel The Maltese Falcon and the various films and adaptations based on it, as well as in three lesser known short stories written by Hammett....
 (Humphrey Bogart
Humphrey Bogart

Humphrey DeForest Bogart was an United_States_of_America actor and cultural icon. In 1997, Entertainment Weekly magazine named him the number one movie legend of all time....
) and Miles Archer (Jerome Cowan
Jerome Cowan

'Jerome Cowan' appeared in over 100 films but is probably best remembered for two roles in classic films: He played Miles Archer, the doomed private eye partner of Sam Spade, in The Maltese Falcon ; he was also the hapless district attorney, Thomas Mara, who is forced to cross-examine his own son about the existence of Santa Claus, in ...
) meet a beautiful prospective client, Miss Ruth Wonderly (Mary Astor
Mary Astor

Mary Astor was an Academy Awards-winning United States actress. Most famous for her role as Brigid O'Shaughnessy in The Maltese Falcon opposite Humphrey Bogart, Astor began her long film career as a teenager in the silent films of the early 1920 in film....
). Wonderly claims to be looking for her missing sister, who is involved with a man named Floyd Thursby. Wonderly is to meet Thursby and hopes her sister will be with him. After receiving a substantial retainer, Archer volunteers to follow her that night and help her get her sister back.

That night, Spade is informed that Archer has been shot and killed. He tells his secretary Effie Perrine (Lee Patrick
Lee Patrick (actress)

Lee Patrick was an United States theater and film actress....
) to break the news to Archer's wife, Iva (Gladys George
Gladys George

Gladys George was an United States Actor.Born Gladys Anna Clare in Patten, Maine, George starred on the Theatre in the 1920s, although she had made several films in the early part of that decade....
). He meets his friend, Detective Tom Polhaus (Ward Bond
Ward Bond

Wardell Edwin Bond was an United States film actor whose rugged appearance and easygoing charm led to featured roles in numerous classic films....
) at the murder scene. Spade tells Polhaus that Archer was tailing Thursby, but refuses to divulge any more information. Spade then calls Wonderly’s hotel, but she has checked out without leaving a forwarding address. He is grilled by Polhaus and his supervisor, Lieutenant Dundy (Barton MacLane
Barton MacLane

Barton MacLane was an American actor, playwright, and screenwriter. Although he has appeared in many classic films from the 1930s through the 1960s, he was perhaps best known for his recurring role as General Martin Peterson on the 1960s television comedy series I Dream of Jeannie....
). Dundy suggests that Spade had the opportunity and motive (Archer's wife) to commit the crime.

The next morning, Spade has to fend off Iva, who embraces him passionately. He then meets with Wonderly, now calling herself Brigid O’Shaughnessy. She explains that Thursby was her partner and probably killed Archer, but claims to have no idea who killed Thursby. Spade agrees to investigate the murders.

At his office, Spade meets Joel Cairo (Peter Lorre
Peter Lorre

Peter Lorre , born L?szl? L?wenstein, was a Hungarian people - Austrian - United States actor frequently typecast as a sinister foreigner....
), who first offers him a $5,000 fee to find a “black figure of a bird”, then pulls a gun on him in order to search for it. Spade manages to knock Cairo out and go through his possessions. When Cairo revives, he hires Spade. Cairo politely asks for his weapon back, then promptly turns it on Spade again to search the office, much to Spade's amusement.

Later that evening, Spade tells Brigid about his meeting with Cairo. When Cairo shows up, it becomes clear that Spade's acquaintances know each other. Cairo becomes agitated when Brigid reveals that "the Fat Man" is in San Francisco. When Brigid insults Cairo, he tries to pull a gun on her, but Spade slaps him down. The two police detectives barge in when they hear Cairo's cry for help, and are given conflicting accounts about what happened. To avoid trouble, Cairo retracts his story.

In the morning, Spade goes to Cairo's hotel, where he spots Wilmer (Elisha Cook, Jr.), the man who had been following him earlier. He gives Wilmer a message for his boss, Kasper Gutman (Sydney Greenstreet
Sydney Greenstreet

Sydney Walter Hughes Greenstreet was an England actor, best known for his work with Humphrey Bogart and Peter Lorre in the 1940s....
), the "Fat Man". Spade meets Gutman in his hotel suite. Gutman begins to talk about the Falcon, but becomes evasive, causing Spade to storm out, giving Gutman a deadline to be more forthcoming. As he enters an elevator, Cairo comes out of another one.

Later, Spade is taken by Wilmer to Gutman at gunpoint. Spade overpowers him, taking his weapons, but meets with Gutman anyway. Gutman relates the checkered history of the Maltese Falcon, which ends up in the possession of a Russian general in Istanbul
Istanbul

Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population, and List of cities proper by population in the world with a population of 12.6 million....
. Gutman tried to buy it, but when the general refused to sell, Gutman sent some "agents" to steal it. "Well, sir," Gutman says, "they got it, but I haven't got it."

Gutman offers Spade $25,000 for the bird and a further one-fourth of the proceeds from its sale. Then Spade passes out; his drink was spiked. Wilmer kicks Spade in the face to avenge his humilation. Then he, Gutman and Cairo (who had been in the other room) depart.

When Spade revives, he searches the suite and finds a newspaper with the arrival time of the freighter La Paloma circled. When he arrives at the dock, the ship is on fire, so he returns to his office. A man (Walter Huston
Walter Huston

Walter Huston was an Academy Award-winning Canada-born American actor....
) bursts in and staggers toward Spade, clutching a bundle wrapped in newspaper, before collapsing and dying. The contents of the dead man’s wallet identify the dead man as Captain Jacobi of the La Paloma. Looking inside the bundle, Spade tells Effie, "We’ve got it, angel. We’ve got it."

When Effie answers the phone, she hears Brigid give an address and then scream before the line goes dead. Spade first stashes the package in a bus terminal baggage room. After the address turns out to be an empty lot, Spade returns home and finds Brigid hiding in a doorway. When he takes her inside, he finds Gutman, Cairo and Wilmer waiting for him, guns drawn. Gutman gives Spade $10,000 for the Falcon, but Spade tells them that part of his price is a fall guy he can turn over to the police for the murders of Archer, Thursby and Captain Jacobi to get himself off the hook. Spade suggests that Wilmer as the best choice, since he certainly killed Thursby and Jacobi. After some intense negotiation, Gutman and Cairo agree; Wilmer is knocked out in a scuffle. Spade gets the details of what happened and who killed whom, so that he can present a convincing story to the police, along with Wilmer.

Just after dawn, Spade calls Effie, who brings him the bundle. In a frenzy, Gutman, Cairo and Brigid unwrap it, revealing a black statuette: the Maltese Falcon. However, when Gutman inspects the bird, he cries out, "It's a fake!" When Gutman recovers from his disappointment, he suggests that he and Cairo return to Istanbul to continue their quest. He takes back the money he paid Spade at gunpoint, all but $1,000 for his "time and expenses". Gutman tries unsuccessfully to recruit Spade.

After Gutman and Cairo leave, Spade calls the police and tells them where to pick up the pair. Spade then angrily confronts Brigid, telling her he knows she killed Archer to implicate Thursby, her unwanted accomplice. Brigid cannot believe that Spade will turn her over to the police, but he is in deadly earnest. Spade turns over the fake Falcon, the money Gutman gave him, and last of all Brigid, explaining that she killed his partner. As Brigid is taken away, Polhaus picks up the statuette and asks what it is. Spade replies, "The stuff that dreams are made of."

Cast

Actor Role Other notes
Humphrey Bogart
Humphrey Bogart

Humphrey DeForest Bogart was an United_States_of_America actor and cultural icon. In 1997, Entertainment Weekly magazine named him the number one movie legend of all time....
 
Sam Spade
Sam Spade

Sam Spade is a fictional character who is the protagonist of Dashiell Hammett's novel The Maltese Falcon and the various films and adaptations based on it, as well as in three lesser known short stories written by Hammett....
 
private investigator
Mary Astor
Mary Astor

Mary Astor was an Academy Awards-winning United States actress. Most famous for her role as Brigid O'Shaughnessy in The Maltese Falcon opposite Humphrey Bogart, Astor began her long film career as a teenager in the silent films of the early 1920 in film....
 
Brigid O'Shaughnessy the client
Sydney Greenstreet
Sydney Greenstreet

Sydney Walter Hughes Greenstreet was an England actor, best known for his work with Humphrey Bogart and Peter Lorre in the 1940s....
 
Kasper Gutman the "Fat Man"
Peter Lorre
Peter Lorre

Peter Lorre , born L?szl? L?wenstein, was a Hungarian people - Austrian - United States actor frequently typecast as a sinister foreigner....
 
Joel Cairo adventurer
Barton MacLane
Barton MacLane

Barton MacLane was an American actor, playwright, and screenwriter. Although he has appeared in many classic films from the 1930s through the 1960s, he was perhaps best known for his recurring role as General Martin Peterson on the 1960s television comedy series I Dream of Jeannie....
 
Lieutenant Dundy homicide detective
Ward Bond
Ward Bond

Wardell Edwin Bond was an United States film actor whose rugged appearance and easygoing charm led to featured roles in numerous classic films....
 
Det. Sgt. Tom Polhaus homicide detective
Lee Patrick
Lee Patrick (actress)

Lee Patrick was an United States theater and film actress....
 
Effie Perrine Spade's secretary
Jerome Cowan
Jerome Cowan

'Jerome Cowan' appeared in over 100 films but is probably best remembered for two roles in classic films: He played Miles Archer, the doomed private eye partner of Sam Spade, in The Maltese Falcon ; he was also the hapless district attorney, Thomas Mara, who is forced to cross-examine his own son about the existence of Santa Claus, in ...
 
Miles Archer Spade's partner
Gladys George
Gladys George

Gladys George was an United States Actor.Born Gladys Anna Clare in Patten, Maine, George starred on the Theatre in the 1920s, although she had made several films in the early part of that decade....
 
Iva Archer Archer's wife
Elisha Cook Jr.
Elisha Cook Jr.

Elisha Vanslyck Cook, Jr. was an American actor who made a career out of playing cowardly villains and neurotics in dozens of films....
 
Wilmer Cook Gutman's henchman
Walter Huston
Walter Huston

Walter Huston was an Academy Award-winning Canada-born American actor....
 
Captain Jacobi a freighter captain


Production


Casting

First-time director John Huston was very careful when casting The Maltese Falcon, but Humphrey Bogart was not the first choice to play Sam Spade. Producer Hal Wallis initially offered the role to George Raft
George Raft

George Raft was an American film actor identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and 1940s....
, who rejected it because he did not want to work with an inexperienced director, choosing instead to make Manpower
Manpower (1941 film)

'Manpower' is a 1941 in film film about power company linemen starring Edward G. Robinson, Marlene Dietrich, and George Raft. The memorable posters for the movie proclaimed, "Robinson - He's mad about Dietrich....
, opposite Marlene Dietrich
Marlene Dietrich

Marlene Dietrich ; was a German-born American actress, singer and entertainer.Dietrich remained popular throughout her long career by continually re-inventing herself....
, with director Raoul Walsh
Raoul Walsh

Raoul Walsh was an United States film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and the brother of silent screen actor George Walsh....
. (Raft had earlier turned down the lead role in Walsh's High Sierra, the movie that effectively launched Bogart's career as leading man rather than chronic supporting player, and is believed by many to have passed up the role of "Rick," the cynical hero of Casablanca
Casablanca (film)

Casablanca is an Cinema of the United States romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman and Paul Henreid and featuring Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet and Peter Lorre....
, although this remains controversial.) The 42-year-old Bogart was delighted, however, to play a highly ambiguous character who is both honorable and greedy. Huston was particularly grateful that Bogart had quickly accepted the role, and the film helped to consolidate their lifelong friendship and set the stage for later collaboration on such films as The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre is John Huston's Cinema of the United States feature film adaptation of B. Traven's The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, in which two United States down-and-outers in 1920s Mexico hook up with an old-timer to prospect for gold....
 , Key Largo
Key Largo (film)

Key Largo is a 1948 in film crime film starring Humphrey Bogart, Edward G. Robinson, Lauren Bacall, Lionel Barrymore, and Claire Trevor. This was the fourth and final film pairing of married actors Bogart and Bacall....
 (1948), and The African Queen
The African Queen

The African Queen is an Cinema of the United States drama film directed by John Huston and produced by Sam Spiegel and John Woolf. The screenplay was adapted by James Agee, John Huston, John Collier and Peter Viertel from the 1935 in literature novel by C....
 . Bogart's convincing interpretation became the archetype for a private detective in the film noir
Film noir

Film noir is a film term used primarily to describe stylish cinema of the United States Crime film, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation....
 genre, providing him near-instant acclaim and rounding and solidifying his onscreen persona. It was The Maltese Falcon that Ingrid Bergman
Ingrid Bergman

was a Swedish people three-time Academy Award-winning and two-time Emmy Award-winning Actor. She also won the Tony Award for Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in the 1st Tony Awards in 1947....
 watched over and over again while preparing for Casablanca, in order to learn how to interact and act with Bogart.

The role of the deceitful femme fatale Brigid O'Shaughnessy was originally offered to Geraldine Fitzgerald
Geraldine Fitzgerald

Geraldine Fitzgerald was an Academy Award-nominated Ireland-American actor and a member of the American Theatre Hall of Fame....
, but went to Mary Astor when Fitzgerald decided to appear in a stage play. Hammett remembers that the character "had two originals, one an artist, the other a woman who came to Pinkerton's San Francisco office to hire an operative to discharge her housekeeper, but neither of these women was a criminal."

The character of the sinister "Fat Man" Kasper Gutman was based on A. Maundy Gregory, an overweight British detective-turned-entrepreneur who was involved in many sophisticated endeavors and capers, including a search for a long-lost treasure not unlike the jeweled Falcon. However, the character was not easily cast, and it took some time before producer Hal Wallis solved the problem by suggesting that Huston give a screen test to Sydney Greenstreet, a veteran stage character actor who had never appeared on film. Greenstreet, who was then 61 years old and weighed between 280 and 350 pounds, impressed Huston with his sheer size, distinctive abrasive laugh, bulbous eyes, and manner of speaking. Greenstreet went on to be typecast in later films of the 1940s such as The Mask of Dimitrios
The Mask of Dimitrios

The Mask of Dimitrios is a United States film noir directed by Jean Negulesco and written by Frank Gruber, based on the 1939 in literature novel of the same name written by Eric Ambler ....
 , The Verdict
The Verdict

The Verdict is a 1982 in film feature film which tells the story of a down-on-his-luck alcoholism lawyer who pushes a medical malpractice case in order to improve his own situation, but discovers along the way that he is doing the "right" thing....
 , and Three Strangers
Three Strangers

Three Strangers is a Warner Bros. crime film drama, starring Peter Lorre, Geraldine Fitzgerald, and Sydney Greenstreet, featuring Joan Lorring and Alan Napier....
 (1946).

Greenstreet's characterization had such a strong cultural impact that the "Fat Man
Fat Man

Fat Man is the codename for the atomic bomb that was detonated over Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan, by the United States on August 9, 1945, at 11:02 a.m....
" atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki during World War II was named after him. The appellation "Fat Man" for Gutman was created for the film - in the novel, although he is a fat man, he is referred to as "G."

The character of Joel Cairo was based on a criminal Hammett arrested for forgery in Pasco, Washington
Pasco, Washington

Pasco is a city in and the county seat of Franklin County, Washington, Washington, United States.Pasco is one of three cities that make up the Tri-Cities, Washington region of the state of Washington....
 in 1920. In Hammett's novel, the character is blatantly homosexual, but to avoid problems with the censors, this was downplayed considerably, although he is still noticeably effeminate — for instance, Cairo's calling cards and handkerchiefs are scented with gardenia
Gardenia

Gardenia is a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, southern Asia, Australasia ecozone and Oceania ecozone....
s, he fusses about his clothes and becomes hysterical when blood from a scratch ruins his shirt, and he makes subtle fellating
Fellatio

File:Wiki-fellatio.pngFellatio, also called fellation, is oral sex performed upon the penis. It may be performed to induce orgasm and ejaculation of semen, or it can be used as foreplay prior to sexual intercourse or anal sex forms of human sexuality....
 gestures with his cane during his interview with Spade. By contrast, in the novel, Cairo is referred to as "queer
Queer

Queer has traditionally meant odd or unusual, but its use in reference to LGBT communities as well as those perceived to be members of those communities has largely replaced the traditional definition and application in modern usage....
" and "the fairy". The film is one of many of the era that, because of the Hays Office, could only hint at homosexuality. It is mentioned by The Celluloid Closet
The Celluloid Closet

The Celluloid Closet is a documentary film directed and written by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman . The film is based on the 1981 book of the same name written by Vito Russo, and on previous lecture and film clip presentations given in person by Russo 1972-82....
, a documentary about how films dealt with homosexuality.

Elisha Cook Jr., a well-known character actor
Character actor

A character actor is one who predominantly plays a particular type of role rather than leading actor ones. Character actor roles can range from bit parts to leading actor....
, was cast by Huston as Wilmer. According to Huston, Cook “lived alone up in the High Sierra, tied flies and caught golden trout between films. When he was wanted in Hollywood, they sent word up to his mountain cabin by courier. He would come down, do a picture, and then withdraw again to his retreat.” Like Cairo (and even Gutman), the character of Wilmer has also been seen by many commentators as homosexual, primarily because of the use of "gunsel", meaning a young homosexual in a relationship with an older man, to describe him.

Gladys George had made her mark on Broadway
Broadway theatre

Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York in Manhattan, New York City....
 with her starring role in Lawrence Riley
Lawrence Riley

Lawrence Riley was a successful United States playwright and screenwriter. He gained fame in 1934 in literature as the author of the Broadway theatre hit Personal Appearance, which was turned by Mae West into the classic film Go West, Young Man , starring herself....
's Personal Appearance
Personal Appearance

Personal Appearance is a stage comedy by the American playwright and screenwriter Lawrence Riley , which was a Broadway theatre smash and the basis for the classic Mae West film Go West, Young Man ....
 (1934
1934 in literature

The year 1934 in literature involved some significant events and new books....
) (adapted for the screen in 1936
1936 in film

The year 1936 in film involved some significant events....
 as Go West, Young Man
Go West, Young Man

Go West, Young Man is a 1936 in film Paramount Pictures comedy starring Mae West. The supporting cast includes Warren William, Alice Brady, Elizabeth Patterson , and Lyle Talbot....
); this comedy's huge success had been credited in great part to her comic performance. Her role as Archer's wife thus displays her versatility.

The unbilled appearance of the character actor Walter Huston, in a small cameo role as the freighter captain who delivers the Falcon to Spade’s office, was done as a good luck gesture for his son, John Huston, on his directorial debut. The elder Huston had to promise Jack Warner that he would not demand a dime for his little role before he was allowed to stagger into Spade’s office.

Preparation

During his preparation for The Maltese Falcon, first-time director John Huston planned each second of the film to the very last detail, tailoring the screenplay with instructions to himself for a shot-for-shot setup, with sketches for every scene, so filming could proceed fluently and professionally. Like other directors, such as Alfred Hitchcock
Alfred Hitchcock

Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, Order of the British Empire was a British filmmaker and film producer who pioneered many techniques in the suspense and psychological thriller genres....
, Huston was adamant that the film keep to schedule, and that everything be methodically planned to the fullest to ensure that the film never went over budget. By providing the cast with a highly detailed script, Huston was able to let them rehearse their scenes with very little intervention.

Such was the extent and efficacy of his preparation of the script that almost no line of dialog was eliminated in the final edit of the film. Except for some exterior night shots, Huston shot the entire film in sequence, which greatly helped his actors. The shooting went so smoothly that there was actually extra time for the cast to enjoy themselves; Huston brought Bogart, Astor, Bond, Lorre and others to the Lakeside Golf Club near the Warner lot to relax in the pool, dine, drink and talk until midnight about anything other than the film they were working on.

Huston used much of the dialog from the original novel, removing all references to sex which the Hays Office had deemed to be unacceptable. The many "by gad"'s Greenstreet utters in the movie were inserted by the censors to replace "by God". Huston was also warned not to show excessive drinking. The director fought this, on the grounds that Spade was a man who put away a half bottle of hard liquor a day and showing him completely abstaining from alcohol
Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group....
 would mean seriously falsifying his character.

Production credits

  • Associate Producer - Henry Blanke
  • Director of Photography - Arthur Edeson
    Arthur Edeson

    Arthur Edeson was a film cinematographer, born in New York City.He was nominated for three Academy Awards in his career in cinema....
     
  • Dialogue Director - Robert Foulk
  • Film Editor - Thomas Richards
  • Art Director - Robert M. Haas
  • Sound - Oliver S. Garretson
  • Gowns - Orry-Kelly
    Orry-Kelly

    File:Dolores Del Rio-I Live For Life-2.JPGOrry-Kelly was the professional name of George Orry Kelly , a prolific Hollywood costume designer....
  • Makeup Artist - Perc Westmore (credited) and Frank McCoy (uncredited)
  • Music - Adolph Deutsch
    Adolph Deutsch

    Adolph Deutsch was an Academy Awards-winning composer, conductor and arranger. He won Oscars for his background music for Oklahoma! , and for conducting the music for Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and Annie Get Your Gun ....
  • Musical Director - Leo F. Forbstein
    Leo F. Forbstein

    Leo F. Forbstein was an Academy Award-winning film Music supervision and Conducting who worked on more than 550 projects during a twenty-year period....
  • Production Management - Al Alleborn (uncredited)
  • Assistant Director - Claude Archer (uncredited)
  • Script supervisor - Meta Carpenter (uncredited)
  • Orchestrator - Arthur Lange (uncredited)


Cinematography

With its low-key lighting and inventive and arresting angles, the work of Director of Photography Arthur Edeson
Arthur Edeson

Arthur Edeson was a film cinematographer, born in New York City.He was nominated for three Academy Awards in his career in cinema....
 is one of the film’s great assets. Unusual camera angles—sometimes low to the ground, revealing the ceilings of rooms (a technique also used by Orson Welles
Orson Welles

George Orson Welles , better known as Orson Welles, was an Academy Award-winning United States actor, director, writer and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television, and radio....
 and his cinematograher Gregg Toland
Gregg Toland

Gregg Toland, A.S.C. was a highly influential American cinematographer noted for his innovative use of lighting and techniques such as deep focus, an example of which can be found in his work on Orson Welles' Citizen Kane....
 on Citizen Kane
Citizen Kane

Citizen Kane is a 1941 in film United States dramatic film and the first feature film directed by Orson Welles. It was nominated for an Academy Award in nine categories, but won only for Best Original Screenplay by Herman Mankiewicz and Welles....
)—are utilized to emphasize the nature of the characters and their actions. Some of the most technically striking scenes involve Gutman, especially the scene where he explains the history of the Falcon to Spade, purposely drawing out his story so that the knockout drops he has slipped into Spade’s drink will take effect. Meta Wilde, Huston's longtime script supervisor, remarked of this scene:
It was an incredible camera setup. We rehearsed two days. The camera followed Greenstreet and Bogart from one room into another, then down a long hallway and finally into a living room; there the camera moved up and down in what is referred to as a boom-up and boom-down shot, then panned from left to right and back to Bogart's drunken face; the next pan shot was to Greenstreet's massive stomach from Bogart's point of view. . . . One miss and we had to begin all over again.


Film critic Roger Ebert
Roger Ebert

Roger Joseph Ebert born June 18, 1942) is an United States film criticism and screenwriter.He is known for his film review column and for two television programs Sneak Previews and At the Movies , which he co-hosted for a combined 23 years with Gene Siskel....
 says of this scene:
Was the shot just a stunt? Not at all; most viewers don't notice it because they're swept along by its flow. And consider another shot, where Greenstreet chatters about the falcon while waiting for a drugged drink to knock out Bogart. Huston's strategy is crafty. Earlier, Greenstreet has set it up by making a point: "I distrust a man who says 'when.' If he's got to be careful not to drink too much, it's because he's not to be trusted when he does." Now he offers Bogart a drink, but Bogart doesn't sip from it. Greenstreet talks on, and tops up Bogart's glass. He still doesn't drink. Greenstreet watches him narrowly. They discuss the value of the missing black bird. Finally, Bogart drinks, and passes out. The timing is everything; Huston doesn't give us closeups of the glass to underline the possibility that it's drugged. He depends on the situation to generate the suspicion in our minds. (This was, by the way, Greenstreet's first scene in the movies.)


Very nearly as visually evocative are the scenes involving Astor, almost all of which suggest prison: In one scene she wears striped pajamas, the furniture in the room is striped, and the slivers of light coming through the Venetian blinds suggest cell bars, as do the bars on the elevator cage at the end of the film when she takes her slow ride downward with the police, apparently on her way to execution. Huston and Edeson crafted each scene to make sure the images, action and dialog blended effectively, sometimes shooting closeups of characters with other cast members acting with them off camera.

Props and costumes


The falcon
The "Maltese Falcon" itself is reportedly based on the "Kniphausen Hawk," a ceremonial pouring vessel made in 1697 for George William von Kniphausen, Count of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
. It is modeled after a hawk
Hawk

The term hawk can be used in several ways:* In strict usage in Europe and Asia, to mean any of the species in the subfamily Accipitrinae, which comprises the genus Accipiter, Micronisus, Melierax, Urotriorchis and Megatriorchis....
 perched on a rock and is encrusted with red garnets, amethysts, emerald
Emerald

Emeralds are a variety of the mineral beryl colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. Beryl has a Hardness of 7.5 - 8 on the 10 point Mohs scale of mineral hardness....
s and blue sapphire
Sapphire

Sapphire refers to gem varieties of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide , when it is a color other than red, in which case the gem would instead be a ruby....
s. The vessel is currently owned by the Duke of Devonshire
Duke of Devonshire

Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the aristocracy House of Cavendish family. This branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the richest and most influential aristocratic families in England since the 16th century, and have been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Earl of Derby and...
 and is an integral piece of the Chatsworth House
Chatsworth House

Chatsworth House is a large country house at Chatsworth, Derbyshire, Derbyshire, England 3? miles Ordinal direction of Bakewell . It is the seat of the Dukes of Devonshire, and has been home to their family, the House of Cavendish family, since Bess of Hardwick settled at Chatsworth in 1549....
 collection.

There were several 11-1/2 inch tall falcon props made for use in the film due to the fact that Humphrey Bogart dropped the original during shooting. The original is on display to this day in Warner Brothers' movie museum, its tail feathers visibly dented from Bogart's accident. Some of the copies of the Falcon were cast of plastic
Plastic

Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic chemistry solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products....
 resin
Resin

Resin is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly Pinophyta. It is valued for its chemical constituents and uses, such as varnishes and adhesives, as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis, or for incense and perfume....
, and some of lead
Lead

Lead is a main-group Chemical element with symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal, also considered to be one of the heavy metal ....
. Only two 45 lb. lead Falcons and two 5 lb., 5.4 oz resin Falcons are verified to be in existence today. One lead Falcon has been displayed for years at various venues. The second, which was marred at the end of the movie by Sydney Greenstreet, was given to William Conrad
William Conrad

William Conrad was an American film director and television director and an actor and narrator in radio, film, and television known for his baritone voice, as well as his sizable girth....
 by studio chief Jack L. Warner. It was auctioned off in December 1994, nine months after Conrad's death, for $398,500 to Ronald Winston of Harry Winston, Inc. At that time, it was the highest price paid for a movie prop. It was used to model a 10 lb. gold
Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal, having been used as money, as a store of value, in jewelry, in sculpture, and for ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history....
 replica displayed at the 69th Academy Awards
69th Academy Awards

The 69th Academy Awards were dominated by movies produced by independent studios, financed outside of mainstream Hollywood, California, leading to 1997 being dubbed "The Year of the Independents"....
. The replica has Burmese
Myanmar

Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia, or Indochina. The country is bordered by the People's Republic of China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, and the Bay of Bengal to the southwest with...
 ruby
Ruby

A ruby is a pink to blood-red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum . The red color is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium....
 eyes, interchangeable claws (one set of gold, one set of coral
Coral

Corals are marine organisms from the class Anthozoa and exist as small sea anemone?like polyps, typically in colonies of many identical individuals....
) and has a platinum chain in its beak with a 42.98 flawless diamond at the end. Its value is estimated at well over $8 million. The lead and resin Falcons are valued in excess of $2 million.

Other
Webley Fosbery 1837
*The revolver
Revolver

A revolver is a repeating firearm that has a Cylinder containing multiple Chamber and at least one Gun barrel for firing. As the user cocks the hammer , the cylinder revolves to align the next chamber and round with the hammer and barrel, which gives this type of firearm its name....
 used to shoot Miles is correctly identified by Spade as a Webley-Fosbery. The Webley was an experiment to get a handgun
Handgun

A handgun is a firearm designed to be held and operated by one hand, with the other hand optionally supporting the shooting hand. This characteristic differentiates handguns as a general class of firearms from their larger counterparts: long guns such as rifles and shotguns , mounted weapons such as machine guns and autocannons, and l...
 to automatically reload and cock itself between shots. Unlike a typical semi-automatic pistol with a moving slide, this was a revolver that used its backward momentum to cock the hammer and rotate the cylinder, readying it for the next pull of the trigger. Webleys are rare and considered very valuable by collectors. There was an eight shot .38 calibre version (unusual in itself as most revolvers carry six, or occasionally five, rounds), and a six-shot .455 calibre version. In the film, the .455 version was incorrectly described as the eight-shot weapon and the name mispronounced as "Foresby".
  • Contrary to common conception, Bogart (as Spade) does not wear a trench coat
    Trench coat

    A trench coat or trenchcoat is a raincoat made of waterproof heavy-duty cotton drill or poplin, wool gabardine, or in some cases leather: it generally has a removable Insulation lining; and it is usually knee-length or longer....
     in this film, although he does wear an unbelted wool overcoat in outdoor scenes. The popular association of the trench coat with Bogart began when he wore one in Casablanca.


Soundtrack


The music for The Maltese Falcon was written by Adolph Deutsch
Adolph Deutsch

Adolph Deutsch was an Academy Awards-winning composer, conductor and arranger. He won Oscars for his background music for Oklahoma! , and for conducting the music for Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and Annie Get Your Gun ....
, who later went on to win an Academy Award for his incidental music for Oklahoma!
Oklahoma! (film)

The 1943 musical play Oklahoma!, written by composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist/librettist Oscar Hammerstein II , was adapted into a musical film in 1955, starring Gordon MacRae, Shirley Jones , Rod Steiger, Charlotte Greenwood, Gloria Grahame, Gene Nelson, James Whitmore and Eddie Albert....
 in .

The recording was re-released in 2002 with the soundtracks to other film works of Deutsch, including George Washington Slept Here
George Washington Slept Here

George Washington Slept Here is a comedy film starring Jack Benny and Ann Sheridan as New Yorkers who purchase a dilapidated farmhouse where, according to rumors, George Washington spent the night....
, The Mask of Dimitrios
The Mask of Dimitrios

The Mask of Dimitrios is a United States film noir directed by Jean Negulesco and written by Frank Gruber, based on the 1939 in literature novel of the same name written by Eric Ambler ....
, High Sierra, and Northern Pursuit
Northern Pursuit

Northern Pursuit is a 1943 in film World War II film starring Errol Flynn. The movie was set in Canada and directed by Raoul Walsh....
.

DVD release

The DVD was re-released on June 1, with a new Dolby Digital
Dolby Digital

File:Dolby-Digital.svgDolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy data compression technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories....
 mono soundtrack. It includes the original theatrical trailer, as well as a trailer for the earlier 1936 film adaptation of the novel, Satan Met a Lady, and trailers of other Humphrey Bogart films such as The Petrified Forest
The Petrified Forest

The Petrified Forest is a predecessor to film noir, with an original screenplay by Delmer Daves and Charles Kenyon derived from the play by Robert E....
, High Sierra, Casablanca
Casablanca (film)

Casablanca is an Cinema of the United States romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz, starring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman and Paul Henreid and featuring Claude Rains, Conrad Veidt, Sydney Greenstreet and Peter Lorre....
, To Have and Have Not
To Have and Have Not

To Have and Have Not is a 1937 novel by Ernest Hemingway about Harry Morgan, a fishing boat captain who runs contraband between Cuba and Florida....
, and The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)

The Treasure of the Sierra Madre is John Huston's Cinema of the United States feature film adaptation of B. Traven's The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, in which two United States down-and-outers in 1920s Mexico hook up with an old-timer to prospect for gold....
. The DVD also includes an essay, A History of the Mystery, examining the mystery and film noir
Film noir

Film noir is a film term used primarily to describe stylish cinema of the United States Crime film, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation....
 genres through the decades.

Also included on a second and third disc are 2 previous movie versions of the Hammett novel: The Maltese Falcon
The Maltese Falcon (1931 film)

The Maltese Falcon is a 1931 in film Warner Bros. crime film based on The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett. It was directed by Roy Del Ruth and stars Ricardo Cortez as private detective Sam Spade and Bebe Daniels in the role of Ruth Wonderly....
 (1931) and Satan Met a Lady
Satan Met a Lady

Satan Met a Lady is a 1936 in film Warner Bros. comedy film/detective film loosely based on Dashiell Hammett's The Maltese Falcon, and starring Bette Davis – who reportedly considered it one of the worst films of her career – and Warren William....
. A new documentary, The Maltese Falcon: One Magnificent Bird, a blooper reel, makeup tests and 3 radio show adaptations — 2 featuring the movie's original stars — are also present.

Another notable special feature is a Turner Classic Movies
Turner Classic Movies

Turner Classic Movies is a cable television channel featuring television commercial-free classic movies, mostly from the Turner Entertainment and Warner Bros....
 documentary, Becoming Attractions: The Trailers of Humphrey Bogart. Hosted by TCM's Robert Osborne
Robert Osborne

Robert Osborne is an United States actor and film historian best known as the host of the Turner Classic Movies network since its inception in 1994....
, the 45-minute feature traces Bogart's evolution from a heavy in the 1930s to a romantic leading man in the '40s, and his return to playing bad men late in that decade.

Reception

On its release, The Maltese Falcon received significant acclaim from both critics and the public, and its reputation has been growing ever since. In , it was nominated for three Academy Awards: the film was nominated for Best Picture
Academy Award for Best Picture

The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Academy Award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to artists working in the film industry....
, Sydney Greenstreet for Best Supporting Actor
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor

Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry....
, and John Huston for Best Adapted Screenplay
Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay

The Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay is one of the Academy Awards, the most prominent film awards in the United States. It is awarded each year to the screenwriter of a Adapted_screenplay from another source ....
.

As a result of the film's success, Warner Brothers immediately made plans to produce a sequel entitled The Further Adventures of the Maltese Falcon, which Huston was to direct in early 1942. However, due to the fact that Huston was now in high demand and the major cast members were unavailable, the sequel was never made.

The Maltese Falcon is considered a classic example of a MacGuffin
MacGuffin

A MacGuffin is a plot device that motivates the characters or advances the story, but the details of which are of little or no importance otherwise....
, a plot device that motivates the characters of the story but otherwise has little relevance.

The film has been named as one of the greatest films of all time by Roger Ebert
Roger Ebert

Roger Joseph Ebert born June 18, 1942) is an United States film criticism and screenwriter.He is known for his film review column and for two television programs Sneak Previews and At the Movies , which he co-hosted for a combined 23 years with Gene Siskel....
 and Entertainment Weekly
Entertainment Weekly

Entertainment Weekly is a magazine published by Time Inc. in the United States which covers movies, television, music, Broadway stage productions, books, and popular culture....
,

In , The Maltese Falcon was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry
National Film Registry

The National Film Registry is the registry of films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress....
 by the Library of Congress
Library of Congress

The Library of Congress is the de facto national library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and holds the largest number of books....
 as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", going in the first year of voting.

American Film Institute
American Film Institute

The American Film Institute is an independent non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 when President Lyndon B....
 recognition
  • 1998 - AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies
    AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies

    The first of the AFI 100 Years... series of cinematic milestones, AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies is a list of the 100 best American movies, as determined by the American Film Institute from a poll of more than 1,500 artists and leaders in the film industry who chose from a list of 400 nominated movies....
     - #23
  • 2001 - AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills
    AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills

    Part of the AFI 100 Years... series, 'AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills' is a list of the top 100 thrilling movies in American cinema. The list was unveiled by the American Film Institute on June 12, 2001 during a CBS special hosted by Harrison Ford, who starred in four of the films on the list, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Star Wars, Blade...
     - #26
  • 2005 - AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes
    AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes

    Part of the AFI 100 Years... series, AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes is a list of the top 100 movie quotations in American cinema. The American Film Institute revealed the list in June of 2005 in a three-hour television program on CBS....
    :
    • "The stuff that dreams are made of." - #14
  • 2007 - AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)
    AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)

    AFI?s 100 Years...100 Movies ? 10th Anniversary Edition was the 2007 updated version of AFI's 100 Years 100 Movies. The original list was first unveiled in 1998....
     - #31
  • 2008 - AFI's 10 Top 10
    AFI's 10 Top 10

    AFI's 10 Top 10 honors the ten greatest United States films in ten classic film genres. Presented by the American Film Institute , the lists were unveiled on a television special broadcast by CBS on June 17, 2008....
     - #6 mystery film
    Mystery film

    Mystery film is a sub-genre of the more general category of crime film. It focuses on the efforts of the Detective, private investigator or amateur sleuth to solve the mysterious circumstances of a crime by means of clues, investigation, and clever deduction....


Adaptations and parodies

The CBS
CBS

CBS Broadcasting Inc. is an American radio network and television network. The name is derived from the initials of Columbia Broadcasting System, its former legal name....
 radio network created a 30-minute adaptation of The Maltese Falcon on The Screen Guild Theater
The Screen Guild Theater

The Screen Guild Theater was a popular radio anthology series during the Old-time radio broadcast from 1939 until 1952 with leading Hollywood actors performing in adaptations of popular motion pictures such as Going My Way and The Postman Always Rings Twice ....
 with actors Bogart, Astor, Greenstreet and Lorre all reprising their roles. This radio segment was originally released on September 20, 1943
1943 in radio

The year 1943 in radio broadcasting involved some significant events....
, and was played again on July 3, 1946. On May 18, 1950
1950 in radio

The year 1950 in radio broadcasting involved some significant events....
, another adaptation was broadcast on The Screen Guild Theater starring Bogart and his wife Lauren Bacall
Lauren Bacall

Lauren Bacall is an American film and theater actress and Model . Known for her husky voice and sultry looks, she has continued acting to the present day....
. In addition, there was an adaptation on Lux Radio Theater
Lux Radio Theater

Lux Radio Theater, one of the genuine old-time radio anthology series adapted first Broadway theatre stage works, and then films to hour-long live radio presentations....
 on February 8, 1943
1943 in radio

The year 1943 in radio broadcasting involved some significant events....
, starring Edward G. Robinson
Edward G. Robinson

Edward Goldenberg Robinson, Sr. was an honorary Academy Award-winning United States actor born in Romania. Although he has played a wide range of characters, he is best remembered for his roles as a gangster, most notably in his star-making film Little Caesar....
, Gail Patrick
Gail Patrick

'Gail Patrick' was an American film actress.Born 'Margaret LaVelle Fitzpatrick', she appeared in 62 movies between 1932 and 1948, usually as the leading lady's extremely formidable rival; some of these roles include the second wife in My Favorite Wife with Irene Dunne and Cary Grant, Anna May Wong's sophisticated competitor in Dan...
, and Laird Cregar
Laird Cregar

Laird Cregar was an United States actor....
.

In , Columbia released a spoof
Parody

A parody , in contemporary usage, is a work created to mock, comment on, or poke fun at an original work, its subject, or author, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation....
 of The Maltese Falcon called The Black Bird
The Black Bird

The Black Bird is a 1975 in film film released December 25, 1975 starring George Segal and Stephane Auran. It is a comedy sequel to the well-regarded 1941 film version of The Maltese Falcon with Segal playing Sam Spade's son, Sam Spade Jr and Elisha Cook Jr....
, starring George Segal
George Segal

George Segal, Jr. is an American film and stage actor....
 as Sam Spade, Jr., with Patrick and Cook reprising their roles as Effie and Wilmer from the 1941 version. In , during production for this film, one of the seven plaster figurines of the original 1941 Falcon on display at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Los Angeles County Museum of Art

The Los Angeles County Museum of Art is an art museum in Los Angeles County, California. It is located on Wilshire Boulevard along Museum Row in the Miracle Mile, Los Angeles, California vicinity of Los Angeles, adjacent to the Page Museum and La Brea Tar Pits....
 was stolen, and it was alleged that the “disappearance” of the figurine was staged as a publicity stunt for the Segal film. If it was, it backfired, since news accounts of the missing Falcon exceeded those of the Segal film.

In , the film was parodied in "The Big Goodbye," a first-season episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation
Star Trek: The Next Generation

Star Trek: The Next Generation is a science fiction television program created by Gene Roddenberry as part of the Star Trek franchise. Set in the 24th century, about 70 years after Star Trek: The Original Series, the program features a new crew and a new Starship Enterprise....
. Captain Jean-Luc Picard
Jean-Luc Picard

Captain Jean-Luc Picard is a fictional Star Trek character primarily portrayed by English actor Patrick Stewart. He appears in Star Trek: The Next Generation as the captain of the United Federation of Planets starship USS Enterprise ....
, played by Patrick Stewart
Patrick Stewart

Patrick Hewes Stewart, Order of the British Empire is an English film, television and Stage actor. He is also Chancellor of the University of Huddersfield....
, is a fan of detective stories of the early 20th Century, including the fictional Dixon Hill, a stand-in for Sam Spade. In a holodeck
Holodeck

A holodeck is a simulated reality facility located on starships and starbases in the fictional universe Star Trek universe. The holodeck was first seen in the pilot episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, "Encounter at Farpoint"....
 simulation, Picard-as-Hill is opposed by Cyrus Redblock, whose name is a play on "Sydney Greenstreet." Redblock is looking for "the item," which is never identified, but is meant to stand in for the Falcon.

In popular culture

  • In 1981
    1981 in music

    See also:* :Category:Record labels established in 1981* list of 'years in music'...
    , Jon & Vangelis
    Jon & Vangelis

    Jon & Vangelis is the collaborative effort between the singer Jon Anderson , and the Greece synthesizer musician Vangelis. Together they released a number of successful albums in the 1980s....
     released their album The Friends of Mr. Cairo
    The Friends of Mr. Cairo

    The Friends of Mr. Cairo is the second collaboration of Jon Anderson and Vangelis as Jon & Vangelis. There are two editions of this album, with different sleeves....
     with the title track being a lengthy tribute song to The Maltese Falcon and other 1930s / 1940s gangster films and the actors in them.


  • The film that is said have been most influenced by The Maltese Falcon is Chinatown
    Chinatown (film)

    Chinatown is a Cinema of the United States neo-noir film, directed by Roman Polanski. The film features many elements of the film noir genre, particularly a multi-layered story that is part Mystery fiction and part psychology drama....
    , starring Jack Nicholson
    Jack Nicholson

    John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson is an United States actor, film director, film producer, and screenwriter, Movie star for his often dark-themed portrayals of Neurosis Fictional character....
     and Faye Dunaway
    Faye Dunaway

    Dorothy Faye Dunaway , known as Faye Dunaway, is an United States actor. She has starred in a variety of films, from blockbusters such as The Towering Inferno and the camp classic Mommie Dearest , to the most critically acclaimed including Bonnie and Clyde , Chinatown , and Network ....
    . Though significantly different in terms of storyline, the presence of sharp dialogue and plot twists in Chinatown, a neo noir mystery set in 1930s Los Angeles
    Los Ángeles

    Los ?ngeles is the Capital of the Biob?o Province, in the municipality of the same name, in Regions of Chile VIII , in the center-south of Chile....
    , in many ways pays homage to the earlier film. Adding to the connection, director John Huston has a pivotal role in Chinatown.


  • There is a homage to the film in Overdrawn at the Memory Bank
    Overdrawn at the Memory Bank

    Overdrawn at the Memory Bank was a 1983 television movie. It was produced by Canada?s RSL Productions in Toronto. Financing was provided by WNET/Public Broadcasting Service Newark, New Jersey, which had hoped to create an entire science fiction series adapting famous works, but due to lack of funding this was the last of three such produc...
    , a made-for-TV movie that gained some notoriety by being mocked on Mystery Science Theatre 3000. Famed Marvel Comics
    Marvel Comics

    Marvel Comics is an American comic book and related media company owned by Marvel Publishing, Inc., a subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment, Inc. Marvel counts among as its List of Marvel Comics characters such well-known properties as Captain America, the Fantastic Four, the Hulk , Iron Man, Spider-Man, the X-Men, and many others....
     supervillain
    Supervillain

    A supervillain or supervillainess is a variant of the villain fictional character type, commonly found in comic books, action movies and science fiction in various mediums....
     the Kingpin
    Kingpin (comics)

    The Kingpin is a fictional character in the . The character first appears in The Amazing Spider-Man #50 , and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Romita, Sr....
     is also supposedly based on Sydney Greenstreet
    Sydney Greenstreet

    Sydney Walter Hughes Greenstreet was an England actor, best known for his work with Humphrey Bogart and Peter Lorre in the 1940s....
    's character of Kasper Gutman.


  • An episode of Batman: The Animated Series
    Batman: The Animated Series

    Batman: The Animated Series is an United States, two time Emmy Award winning animated series adaptation of the comic book series featuring the DC Comics superhero, Batman....
     entitled "Perchance To Dream" features Batman quoting the line, "The stuff dreams are made of."


  • An episode from the first season of The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries
    The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries

    The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries is an Emmy-nominated animated television series which aired from 1995 to 2001 on Kids' WB and was later re-run on Cartoon Network ....
     is called The Maltese Canary and the title card is in black-and-white
    Black-and-white

    Black-and-white is a number of monochrome forms in visual arts. Most forms of visual technology start out in black and white, then slowly evolve into color as technology progresses....
     colors. The character of Sam Spade also stars in the episode, and his place as a detective is taken over by Granny
    Granny (Looney Tunes)

    Granny, a co-star of many Sylvester the Cat and Tweety Bird animated shorts throughout the 1950s and '60s, is a Looney Tunes character that was created by Friz Freleng....
     until his return from a tournament. Sam Spade also has an appearance in the episode Bull Running On Empty. He is voiced by Maurice LaMarche.


  • Locating and stealing the Blackbird is a recurring theme in the Quest for Glory
    Quest for Glory

    Quest for Glory is a series of hybrid computer role-playing game/adventure game computer games designed by Corey Cole and Lori Ann Cole. The series combined humor, puzzle elements, themes and characters borrowed from various legends, puns, and memorable characters, creating one of the better-remembered series in the Sierra Entertainment s...
     series of video games:
  • In Quest for Glory II: Trial by Fire
    Quest for Glory II: Trial by Fire

    Quest for Glory II: Trial by Fire is the second video game in Sierra Entertainment's Quest for Glory series, and the sequel to Hero's Quest: So You Want to Be a Hero ....
    , if the player chooses the Thief role, he is tasked with stealing the Blackbird. When the Hero recovers the statue, muses "Is this the stuff dreams are made of?"
  • In the remake of the original game, Quest for Glory I: So You Want to Be a Hero
    Quest for Glory I: So You Want To Be A Hero

    Hero's Quest: So You Want to Be a Hero is an adventure game/role-playing game hybrid, designed by Lori Ann Cole and published by Sierra On-line....
    , the real Blackbird was retroactively placed in the background of a brigand's lair. While the character can observe it, he cannot take it.
  • Two more fake versions of the statue can be found (again, if the player is a Thief) in the third and fourth installments of the game, though they are of no impact on the plot.
  • The real blackbird again turns up in the fifth and final game of the series, Quest for Glory V: Dragon Fire
    Quest for Glory V: Dragon Fire

    Quest for Glory V: Dragon Fire is the fifth game in the Quest for Glory computer game series by Sierra Entertainment....
    , where a major plotline of the Thief character involves stealing the Blackbird from one character, making a copy of it, giving the original to Ferarri and then replacing it with the fake.


  • The video game Discworld Noir
    Discworld Noir

    Discworld Noir is a computer game based on Terry Pratchett's Discworld comic fantasy novels, and unlike the previous Discworld games is both an example and parody of the film noir genre....
     contains a running parody of the film, among many other films of the noir genre, as a part of the storyline. In the game, a corpulent troll tries to bargain with the protagonist for "the golden falchion," a much sought-after artifact in the game. In this negotiation, both the troll and protagonist use several direct quotes from the film.


External links

    • at The Movie Information Network
  • at Film Noir of the Week