The Corrective Revolution

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The Corrective Revolution

The Corrective Revolution is an expression used by some self-described revolutionary

Revolutionary

A revolutionary is a person who either actively participates in, or advocates revolution. Also, when used as an adjective, the term revolutionary refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavour....
governments, to describe an internal political or bureaucratic power struggle, and also to indicate continued adherence to the ideals of an earlier revolution

Revolution

A revolution is a fundamental social change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time....
despite the overthrow of its previous leadership and/or major policy changes. In the cases presented below, the "revolution" amounted to little more than rhetorical cover for a coup d'êtat

Coup d'état

A coup d??tat , often simply called a coup, is the sudden unconstitutional overthrow of a government by a part of the state establishment – usually the military – to replace the branch of the stricken government, either with another civil government or with a military government....
within the ruling elite.

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Encyclopedia

The Corrective Revolution is an expression used by some self-described revolutionary

Revolutionary

Revolution

Coup d'état

Cultural Revolution

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People?s Republic of China was a period of widespread social and political upheaval that led to nation-wide chaos and economic disarray, which would engulf much of Chinese society between 1966 and 1976....
in China

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
, where violent ideological battles were fused with an intra-party power struggle.

1. The Corrective Revolution was the name of Anwar Sadat

Anwar Sadat

Muhammad Anwar Al Sadat, or Anwar El Sadat , was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination on 6 October 1981....
's change of policies after assuming power in Egypt

Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
, after the death of Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death in 1970. Along with Muhammad Naguib, he led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which removed Farouk of Egypt and heralded a new period of industrialization in Egypt, together with a profound advancement of Arab nationalism, including a short-lived United Arab Republ...
. His ascent to power began in October 1970 and the Corrective Revolution reached full bloom in early 1971. It involved purging anti-Sadat government members, often considered pro-Soviet and leftwing, and drumming up popular support by presenting the takeover as a continuation of the 1952 revolution, while at the same time radically changing track on issues of foreign policy, economy and ideology. The Sadat Corrective Revolution also included the imprisonment of other political forces in Egypt, including liberals

Liberalism

Liberalism is a broad class of political philosophy that considers individualism liberty and equality to be the most important political goals....
and Islamists

Islamism

Islamism is a set of Ideologies of parties holding that Islam is not only a religion but also a political system; that modern Muslims must Islamic fundamentalism, and unite politically....
. The imprisonment of Islamists had a strong effect later on, as these Islamists were often members of the Takfir wal-Hijra

Takfir wal-Hijra

Takfir wal-Hijra is a Muslim extremist group which emerged in Egypt in the 1960s as an offshoot of Muslim Brotherhood. Today Takfir wal-Hijra has members or supporters in several other countries, allied to Al-Qaeda ....
movement and the Corrective Revolution marked the beginning of the crackdown that caused them to spread across the Middle East and Europe, ultimately resulting in the spread of radical political Islam in these regions and also the assassination of Sadat.

2. The Corrective Revolution or more often Corrective Movement is also the name used for the military-pragmatist faction's takeover within the Baath party

Baath Party

The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party was founded in Damascus in the 1940s by Michel Aflaq, a Syrian intellectual, as the original secular Arab nationalist movement, to unify all Arab countries in one State and to combat Western colonial rule that dominated the Arab region at that time....
regime of Syria

Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
in 1970, bringing Hafez al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule stabilized and consolidated the power of the country's central government after decades of coups and counter-coups....
to power. It was directed against a dominant ultra-leftwing faction of the party, and to some extent provoked by what Assad and his supporters saw as adventureous and irresponsible foreign policies (notably the Syrian intervention in the Black September conflict in Jordan

Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
, after which the Black September Palestinian faction was named). As a result of the coup, de facto leader Salah Jadid

Salah Jadid

Salah Jadid was a Syrian general and political figure in the Baath Party, and the country's de facto leader between 1966 and 1969/1970....
was ousted and the party was purged.

3. The Corrective Revolution or Corrective Step was the name given by the Abdel Fattah Ismail Marxist

Marxism

Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marxism holds at its core a Marxist analysis of Critique of capitalism and a theory of social change....
faction of the South Yemeni National Liberation Front

National Liberation Front

National Liberation Front can refer to several groups:* National Liberation Front of South Vietnam -- political wing of the Viet Cong* National Liberation Front ...
(NLF), to its successful internal coup in 1969. The leftist takeover later led to the creation of the Yemeni Socialist Party

Yemeni Socialist Party

The Yemeni Socialist Party is a political party in Yemen. It was the former ruling party in South Yemen before the unification into Yemen. Now YSP is an opposition party in the Republic of Yemen....
(YSP), and South Yemen's transformation into the only Arab state to embrace doctrinaire Marxism.