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Telugu script, an abugida

Abugida

An abugida , also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is obligatory but secondary...

from the Brahmic family

Brahmic family

The Brahmic or Indic scripts are a family of abugida writing systems. They are used throughout South Asia , Southeast Asia, and parts of Central and East Asia, and are descended from the Brāhmī script of the ancient Indian subcontinent...

of scripts, is used to write the Telugu language

Telugu language

Telugu is a Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, where it is an official language. It is also spoken in the neighbouring states of Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu...

, a language found in the South-Central Indian state of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...

as well as several other neighboring states. The Telugu script is derived from the Bhattiprolu script

Bhattiprolu Script

The Bhattiprolu script is a variant of the Brahmi script which has been found in old inscriptions at Bhattiprolu, a small village in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, South India...

. It gained prominence during Vengi Chalukyan era.

Derivation from Brahmi script

The Brahmi script

Brāhmī script

Brāhmī is the modern name given to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of scripts. The best-known Brāhmī inscriptions are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central India, dated to the 3rd century BCE. These are traditionally considered to be early known examples of Brāhmī writing...

used by Mauryan kings eventually reached Krishna River

Krishna River

The Krishna River , is one of the longest rivers in central-southern India, about . It is also referred to as Krishnaveni in its original nomenclature...

delta and gave rise to Bhattiprolu script

Bhattiprolu Script

The Bhattiprolu script is a variant of the Brahmi script which has been found in old inscriptions at Bhattiprolu, a small village in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, South India...

found on the urn containing Buddha

Buddha

In Buddhism, buddhahood is the state of perfect enlightenment attained by a buddha .In Buddhism, the term buddha usually refers to one who has become enlightened...

's relics. Buddhism

Buddhism

Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...

spread to east Asia

East Asia

East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...

from the nearby ports of Ghantasala

Ghantasala (town)

Ghantasala , is a town and Mandal headquarters in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is 21 km west of Machilipatnam and 11 km east of river krishna.The largest city of this district, Vijaywada, is around 60 km away. It is a rare and reputed center for Buddhist sculptures....

and Masulipatnam (ancient Maisolos of Ptolemy

Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the...

and Masalia of Periplus

Periplus

Periplus is the Latinization of an ancient Greek word, περίπλους , literally "a sailing-around." Both segments, peri- and -plous, were independently productive: the ancient Greek speaker understood the word in its literal sense; however, it developed a few specialized meanings, one of which became...

). The Bhattiprolu Brahmi script evolved into the Telugu script by 5th century C.E.

The Muslim historian and scholar Al-Biruni

Al-Biruni

Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-BīrūnīArabic spelling. . The intermediate form Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī is often used in academic literature...

called the Telugu language and script Andhri.

Vowels

Telugu uses fourteen vowel

Vowel

In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! , where there is a constriction or closure at some...

s, each of which has both a singular form and a diacritic form used with consonants to create syllable

Syllable

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus with optional initial and final margins .Syllables are often considered the phonological "building...

s. It is important to note that this language does make a distinction between short and long vowels

Vowel length

In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. Often the chroneme, or the "longness", acts like a consonant, and may etymologically be one, such as in Australian English. While not distinctive in most dialects of English, vowel length is an important phonemic factor in...

.

Independent	With క (k)	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Independent	With క (k)	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA
అ	క	a	/a/	ఆ	కా	ā	/aː/
ఇ	కి	i	/i/	ఈ	కీ	ī	/iː/
ఉ	కు	u	/u/	ఊ	కూ	ū	/uː/
ఋ	కృ	r̥	/ri, ru/	ౠ	కౄ	r̥̄	/riː, ruː/
ఌ		l̥		ౡ		l̥̄
ఎ	కె	e	/e/	ఏ	కే	ē	/eː/
ఐ	కై	ai	/aj/	ఒ	కొ	o	/o/
ఓ	కో	ō	/oː/	ఔ	కౌ	au	/aw/
అం	కం	um		అః	కః	ah-ha

The singular form is used when the vowel occurs at the beginning of a word or syllable, or is a complete syllable in itself (example: a, u, o). The diacritic form is added to consonants (represented by the dotted circle) to form a consonant-vowel syllable (example: ka, kru, mo). అ does not have a diacritic form, because this vowel is already inherent in all of the consonants. The other diacritic vowels are added to consonants to change their pronunciation to that of the vowel.

Examples:

ఖ + ఈ (ీ) → ఖీ	/kʰa/ + /iː/ → /kʰiː/
జ + ఉ (ు) → జు	/dʒa/ + /u/ → /dʒu/

Consonants

Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA
క	k	/k/	ఖ	kh	/kʰ/	గ	g	/ɡ/	ఘ	gh	/ɡʱ/	ఙ	ṅ	/ŋ/
చ	c	/tʃ/	ఛ	ch	/tʃʰ/	జ	j	/dʒ/	ఝ	jh	/dʒʱ/	ఞ	ñ	/ɲ/
ట	ṭ	/ʈ/	ఠ	ṭh	/ʈʰ/	డ	ḍ	/ɖ/	ఢ	ḍh	/ɖʱ/	ణ	ṇ	/ɳ/
త	t	/t/	థ	th	/tʰ/	ద	d	/d/	ధ	dh	/dʱ/	న	n	/n/
ప	p	/p/	ఫ	ph	/pʰ/	బ	b	/b/	భ	bh	/bʱ/	మ	m	/m/
య	y	/j/	ర	r	/r/	ల	l	/l/	వ	v	/ʋ/	ళ	ḷ	/ɭ/
శ	ś	/ʃ/	ష	ṣ	/ʂ/	స	s	/s/	హ	h	/h/	ఱ	ṛ	/ɽ/

Ligatures

అ	ఆ	ఇ	ఈ	ఉ	ఊ	ఋ	ౠ	ఎ	ఏ	ఐ	ఒ	ఓ	ఔ	అం	అః
క	కా	కి	కీ	కు	కూ	కృ	కౄ	కె	కే	కై	కొ	కో	కౌ	కం	కః
ఖ	ఖా	ఖి	ఖీ	ఖు	ఖూ	ఖృ	ఖౄ	ఖె	ఖే	ఖై	ఖొ	ఖో	ఖౌ	ఖం	ఖః
గ	గా	గి	గీ	గు	గూ	గృ	గౄ	గె	గే	గై	గొ	గో	గౌ	గం	గః
ఘ	ఘా	ఘి	ఘీ	ఘు	ఘూ	ఘృ	ఘౄ	ఘె	ఘే	ఘై	ఘొ	ఘో	ఘౌ	ఘం	ఘః
ఙ	ఙా	ఙి	ఙీ	ఙు	ఙూ	ఙృ	ఙౄ	ఙె	ఙే	ఙై	ఙొ	ఙో	ఙౌ	ఙం	ఙః
చ	చా	చి	చీ	చు	చూ	చృ	చౄ	చె	చే	చై	చొ	చో	చౌ	చం	చః
ఛ	ఛా	ఛి	ఛీ	ఛు	ఛూ	ఛృ	ఛౄ	ఛె	ఛే	ఛై	ఛొ	ఛో	ఛౌ	ఛం	ఛః
జ	జా	జి	జీ	జు	జూ	జృ	జౄ	జె	జే	జై	జొ	జో	జౌ	జం	జః
ఝ	ఝా	ఝి	ఝీ	ఝు	ఝూ	ఝృ	ఝౄ	ఝె	ఝే	ఝై	ఝొ	ఝో	ఝౌ	ఝం	ఝః
ఞ	ఞా	ఞి	ఞీ	ఞు	ఞూ	ఞృ	ఞౄ	ఞె	ఞే	ఞై	ఞొ	ఞో	ఞౌ	ఞం	ఞః
ట	టా	టి	టీ	టు	టూ	టృ	టౄ	టె	టే	టై	టొ	టో	టౌ	టం	టః
ఠ	ఠా	ఠి	ఠీ	ఠు	ఠూ	ఠృ	ఠౄ	ఠె	ఠే	ఠై	ఠొ	ఠో	ఠౌ	ఠం	ఠః
డ	డా	డి	డీ	డు	డూ	డృ	డౄ	డె	డే	డై	డొ	డో	డౌ	డం	డః
ఢ	ఢా	ఢి	ఢీ	ఢు	ఢూ	ఢృ	ఢౄ	ఢె	ఢే	ఢై	ఢొ	ఢో	ఢౌ	ఢం	ఢః
ణ	ణా	ణి	ణీ	ణు	ణూ	ణృ	ణౄ	ణె	ణే	ణై	ణొ	ణో	ణౌ	ణం	ణః
త	తా	తి	తీ	తు	తూ	తృ	తౄ	తె	తే	తై	తొ	తో	తౌ	తం	తః
థ	థా	థి	థీ	థు	థూ	థృ	థౄ	థె	థే	థై	థొ	థో	థౌ	థం	థః
ద	దా	ది	దీ	దు	దూ	దృ	దౄ	దె	దే	దై	దొ	దొ	దౌ	దం	దః
ధ	ధా	ధి	ధీ	ధు	ధూ	ధృ	ధౄ	ధె	ధే	ధై	ధొ	ధో	ధౌ	ధం	ధః
న	నా	ని	నీ	ను	నూ	నృ	నౄ	నె	నే	నై	నొ	నో	నౌ	నం	నః
ప	పా	పి	పీ	పు	పూ	పృ	పౄ	పె	పే	పై	పొ	పో	పౌ	పం	పః
ఫ	ఫా	ఫి	ఫీ	ఫు	ఫూ	ఫృ	ఫౄ	ఫె	ఫే	ఫై	ఫొ	ఫో	ఫౌ	ఫం	ఫః
బ	బా	బి	బీ	బు	బూ	బృ	బౄ	బె	బే	బై	బొ	బో	బౌ	బం	బః
భ	భా	భి	బీ	భు	భూ	భృ	భౄ	భె	భే	భై	భొ	భో	భౌ	భం	భః
మ	మా	మి	మీ	ము	మూ	మృ	మౄ	మె	మే	మై	మొ	మో	మౌ	మం	మః
య	యా	యి	యీ	యు	యూ	యృ	యౄ	యె	యే	యై	యొ	యో	యౌ	యం	యః
ర	రా	రి	రీ	రు	రూ	రృ	రౄ	రె	రే	రై	రొ	రో	రౌ	రం	రః
ల	లా	లి	లీ	లు	లూ	లృ	లౄ	లె	లే	లై	లొ	లో	లౌ	లం	లః
వ	వా	వి	వీ	వు	వూ	వృ	వౄ	వె	వే	వై	వొ	వో	వౌ	వం	వః
శ	శా	శి	శీ	శు	శూ	శృ	శౄ	శె	శే	శై	శొ	శో	శౌ	శం	శః
ష	షా	షి	షీ	షు	షూ	షృ	షౄ	షె	షే	షై	షొ	షో	షౌ	షం	షః
స	సా	సి	సీ	సు	సూ	సృ	సౄ	సె	సే	సై	సొ	సో	సౌ	సం	సః
హ	హా	హి	హీ	హు	హూ	హృ	హౄ	హె	హే	హై	హొ	హో	హౌ	హం	హః
ళ	ళా	ళి	ళీ	ళు	ళూ	ళృ	ళౄ	ళె	ళే	ళై	ళొ	ళో	ళౌ	ళం	ళః
క్ష	క్షా	క్షి	క్షీ	క్షు	క్షూ	క్షృ	క్షౄ	క్షె	క్షే	క్షై	క్షొ	క్షో	క్షౌ	క్షం	క్షః
ఱ	ఱా	ఱి	ఱీ	ఱు	ఱూ	ఱృ	ఱౄ	ఱె	ఱే	ఱై	ఱొ	ఱో	ఱౌ	ఱం	ఱః

Other diacritics

There are also several other diacritics used in the Telugu script.

{{IndicTextRight}}
Telugu script, an abugida

Abugida

An abugida , also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is obligatory but secondary...

from the Brahmic family

Brahmic family

The Brahmic or Indic scripts are a family of abugida writing systems. They are used throughout South Asia , Southeast Asia, and parts of Central and East Asia, and are descended from the Brāhmī script of the ancient Indian subcontinent...

of scripts, is used to write the Telugu language

Telugu language

Telugu is a Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, where it is an official language. It is also spoken in the neighbouring states of Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu...

, a language found in the South-Central Indian state of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...

as well as several other neighboring states. The Telugu script is derived from the Bhattiprolu script

Bhattiprolu Script

The Bhattiprolu script is a variant of the Brahmi script which has been found in old inscriptions at Bhattiprolu, a small village in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, South India...

. It gained prominence during Vengi Chalukyan era.

Derivation from Brahmi script

The Brahmi script

Brāhmī script

Brāhmī is the modern name given to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of scripts. The best-known Brāhmī inscriptions are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central India, dated to the 3rd century BCE. These are traditionally considered to be early known examples of Brāhmī writing...

used by Mauryan kings eventually reached Krishna River

Krishna River

The Krishna River , is one of the longest rivers in central-southern India, about . It is also referred to as Krishnaveni in its original nomenclature...

delta and gave rise to Bhattiprolu script

Bhattiprolu Script

The Bhattiprolu script is a variant of the Brahmi script which has been found in old inscriptions at Bhattiprolu, a small village in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, South India...

found on the urn containing Buddha

Buddha

In Buddhism, buddhahood is the state of perfect enlightenment attained by a buddha .In Buddhism, the term buddha usually refers to one who has become enlightened...

's relics. Buddhism

Buddhism

Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...

spread to east Asia

East Asia

East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...

from the nearby ports of Ghantasala

Ghantasala (town)

Ghantasala , is a town and Mandal headquarters in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is 21 km west of Machilipatnam and 11 km east of river krishna.The largest city of this district, Vijaywada, is around 60 km away. It is a rare and reputed center for Buddhist sculptures....

and Masulipatnam (ancient Maisolos of Ptolemy

Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the...

and Masalia of Periplus

Periplus

Periplus is the Latinization of an ancient Greek word, περίπλους , literally "a sailing-around." Both segments, peri- and -plous, were independently productive: the ancient Greek speaker understood the word in its literal sense; however, it developed a few specialized meanings, one of which became...

). The Bhattiprolu Brahmi script evolved into the Telugu script by 5th century C.E.

The Muslim historian and scholar Al-Biruni

Al-Biruni

Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-BīrūnīArabic spelling. . The intermediate form Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī is often used in academic literature...

called the Telugu language and script Andhri.

Vowels

Telugu uses fourteen vowel

Vowel

In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! , where there is a constriction or closure at some...

s, each of which has both a singular form and a diacritic form used with consonants to create syllable

Syllable

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus with optional initial and final margins .Syllables are often considered the phonological "building...

s. It is important to note that this language does make a distinction between short and long vowels

Vowel length

In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. Often the chroneme, or the "longness", acts like a consonant, and may etymologically be one, such as in Australian English. While not distinctive in most dialects of English, vowel length is an important phonemic factor in...

.

Independent	With క (k)	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Independent	With క (k)	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA
అ	క	a	/a/	ఆ	కా	ā	/aː/
ఇ	కి	i	/i/	ఈ	కీ	ī	/iː/
ఉ	కు	u	/u/	ఊ	కూ	ū	/uː/
ఋ	కృ	r̥	/ri, ru/	ౠ	కౄ	r̥̄	/riː, ruː/
ఌ		l̥		ౡ		l̥̄
ఎ	కె	e	/e/	ఏ	కే	ē	/eː/
ఐ	కై	ai	/aj/	ఒ	కొ	o	/o/
ఓ	కో	ō	/oː/	ఔ	కౌ	au	/aw/
అం	కం	um		అః	కః	ah-ha

The singular form is used when the vowel occurs at the beginning of a word or syllable, or is a complete syllable in itself (example: a, u, o). The diacritic form is added to consonants (represented by the dotted circle) to form a consonant-vowel syllable (example: ka, kru, mo). అ does not have a diacritic form, because this vowel is already inherent in all of the consonants. The other diacritic vowels are added to consonants to change their pronunciation to that of the vowel.

Examples:

ఖ + ఈ (ీ) → ఖీ	/kʰa/ + /iː/ → /kʰiː/
జ + ఉ (ు) → జు	/dʒa/ + /u/ → /dʒu/

Consonants

Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA
క	k	/k/	ఖ	kh	/kʰ/	గ	g	/ɡ/	ఘ	gh	/ɡʱ/	ఙ	ṅ	/ŋ/
చ	c	/tʃ/	ఛ	ch	/tʃʰ/	జ	j	/dʒ/	ఝ	jh	/dʒʱ/	ఞ	ñ	/ɲ/
ట	ṭ	/ʈ/	ఠ	ṭh	/ʈʰ/	డ	ḍ	/ɖ/	ఢ	ḍh	/ɖʱ/	ణ	ṇ	/ɳ/
త	t	/t/	థ	th	/tʰ/	ద	d	/d/	ధ	dh	/dʱ/	న	n	/n/
ప	p	/p/	ఫ	ph	/pʰ/	బ	b	/b/	భ	bh	/bʱ/	మ	m	/m/
య	y	/j/	ర	r	/r/	ల	l	/l/	వ	v	/ʋ/	ళ	ḷ	/ɭ/
శ	ś	/ʃ/	ష	ṣ	/ʂ/	స	s	/s/	హ	h	/h/	ఱ	ṛ	/ɽ/

Ligatures

అ	ఆ	ఇ	ఈ	ఉ	ఊ	ఋ	ౠ	ఎ	ఏ	ఐ	ఒ	ఓ	ఔ	అం	అః
క	కా	కి	కీ	కు	కూ	కృ	కౄ	కె	కే	కై	కొ	కో	కౌ	కం	కః
ఖ	ఖా	ఖి	ఖీ	ఖు	ఖూ	ఖృ	ఖౄ	ఖె	ఖే	ఖై	ఖొ	ఖో	ఖౌ	ఖం	ఖః
గ	గా	గి	గీ	గు	గూ	గృ	గౄ	గె	గే	గై	గొ	గో	గౌ	గం	గః
ఘ	ఘా	ఘి	ఘీ	ఘు	ఘూ	ఘృ	ఘౄ	ఘె	ఘే	ఘై	ఘొ	ఘో	ఘౌ	ఘం	ఘః
ఙ	ఙా	ఙి	ఙీ	ఙు	ఙూ	ఙృ	ఙౄ	ఙె	ఙే	ఙై	ఙొ	ఙో	ఙౌ	ఙం	ఙః
చ	చా	చి	చీ	చు	చూ	చృ	చౄ	చె	చే	చై	చొ	చో	చౌ	చం	చః
ఛ	ఛా	ఛి	ఛీ	ఛు	ఛూ	ఛృ	ఛౄ	ఛె	ఛే	ఛై	ఛొ	ఛో	ఛౌ	ఛం	ఛః
జ	జా	జి	జీ	జు	జూ	జృ	జౄ	జె	జే	జై	జొ	జో	జౌ	జం	జః
ఝ	ఝా	ఝి	ఝీ	ఝు	ఝూ	ఝృ	ఝౄ	ఝె	ఝే	ఝై	ఝొ	ఝో	ఝౌ	ఝం	ఝః
ఞ	ఞా	ఞి	ఞీ	ఞు	ఞూ	ఞృ	ఞౄ	ఞె	ఞే	ఞై	ఞొ	ఞో	ఞౌ	ఞం	ఞః
ట	టా	టి	టీ	టు	టూ	టృ	టౄ	టె	టే	టై	టొ	టో	టౌ	టం	టః
ఠ	ఠా	ఠి	ఠీ	ఠు	ఠూ	ఠృ	ఠౄ	ఠె	ఠే	ఠై	ఠొ	ఠో	ఠౌ	ఠం	ఠః
డ	డా	డి	డీ	డు	డూ	డృ	డౄ	డె	డే	డై	డొ	డో	డౌ	డం	డః
ఢ	ఢా	ఢి	ఢీ	ఢు	ఢూ	ఢృ	ఢౄ	ఢె	ఢే	ఢై	ఢొ	ఢో	ఢౌ	ఢం	ఢః
ణ	ణా	ణి	ణీ	ణు	ణూ	ణృ	ణౄ	ణె	ణే	ణై	ణొ	ణో	ణౌ	ణం	ణః
త	తా	తి	తీ	తు	తూ	తృ	తౄ	తె	తే	తై	తొ	తో	తౌ	తం	తః
థ	థా	థి	థీ	థు	థూ	థృ	థౄ	థె	థే	థై	థొ	థో	థౌ	థం	థః
ద	దా	ది	దీ	దు	దూ	దృ	దౄ	దె	దే	దై	దొ	దొ	దౌ	దం	దః
ధ	ధా	ధి	ధీ	ధు	ధూ	ధృ	ధౄ	ధె	ధే	ధై	ధొ	ధో	ధౌ	ధం	ధః
న	నా	ని	నీ	ను	నూ	నృ	నౄ	నె	నే	నై	నొ	నో	నౌ	నం	నః
ప	పా	పి	పీ	పు	పూ	పృ	పౄ	పె	పే	పై	పొ	పో	పౌ	పం	పః
ఫ	ఫా	ఫి	ఫీ	ఫు	ఫూ	ఫృ	ఫౄ	ఫె	ఫే	ఫై	ఫొ	ఫో	ఫౌ	ఫం	ఫః
బ	బా	బి	బీ	బు	బూ	బృ	బౄ	బె	బే	బై	బొ	బో	బౌ	బం	బః
భ	భా	భి	బీ	భు	భూ	భృ	భౄ	భె	భే	భై	భొ	భో	భౌ	భం	భః
మ	మా	మి	మీ	ము	మూ	మృ	మౄ	మె	మే	మై	మొ	మో	మౌ	మం	మః
య	యా	యి	యీ	యు	యూ	యృ	యౄ	యె	యే	యై	యొ	యో	యౌ	యం	యః
ర	రా	రి	రీ	రు	రూ	రృ	రౄ	రె	రే	రై	రొ	రో	రౌ	రం	రః
ల	లా	లి	లీ	లు	లూ	లృ	లౄ	లె	లే	లై	లొ	లో	లౌ	లం	లః
వ	వా	వి	వీ	వు	వూ	వృ	వౄ	వె	వే	వై	వొ	వో	వౌ	వం	వః
శ	శా	శి	శీ	శు	శూ	శృ	శౄ	శె	శే	శై	శొ	శో	శౌ	శం	శః
ష	షా	షి	షీ	షు	షూ	షృ	షౄ	షె	షే	షై	షొ	షో	షౌ	షం	షః
స	సా	సి	సీ	సు	సూ	సృ	సౄ	సె	సే	సై	సొ	సో	సౌ	సం	సః
హ	హా	హి	హీ	హు	హూ	హృ	హౄ	హె	హే	హై	హొ	హో	హౌ	హం	హః
ళ	ళా	ళి	ళీ	ళు	ళూ	ళృ	ళౄ	ళె	ళే	ళై	ళొ	ళో	ళౌ	ళం	ళః
క్ష	క్షా	క్షి	క్షీ	క్షు	క్షూ	క్షృ	క్షౄ	క్షె	క్షే	క్షై	క్షొ	క్షో	క్షౌ	క్షం	క్షః
ఱ	ఱా	ఱి	ఱీ	ఱు	ఱూ	ఱృ	ఱౄ	ఱె	ఱే	ఱై	ఱొ	ఱో	ఱౌ	ఱం	ఱః

Other diacritics

There are also several other diacritics used in the Telugu script.

{{IndicTextRight}}
Telugu script, an abugida

Abugida

An abugida , also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is obligatory but secondary...

from the Brahmic family

Brahmic family

The Brahmic or Indic scripts are a family of abugida writing systems. They are used throughout South Asia , Southeast Asia, and parts of Central and East Asia, and are descended from the Brāhmī script of the ancient Indian subcontinent...

of scripts, is used to write the Telugu language

Telugu language

Telugu is a Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, where it is an official language. It is also spoken in the neighbouring states of Chattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Tamil Nadu...

, a language found in the South-Central Indian state of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...

as well as several other neighboring states. The Telugu script is derived from the Bhattiprolu script

Bhattiprolu Script

The Bhattiprolu script is a variant of the Brahmi script which has been found in old inscriptions at Bhattiprolu, a small village in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, South India...

. It gained prominence during Vengi Chalukyan era.

Derivation from Brahmi script

The Brahmi script

Brāhmī script

Brāhmī is the modern name given to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of scripts. The best-known Brāhmī inscriptions are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central India, dated to the 3rd century BCE. These are traditionally considered to be early known examples of Brāhmī writing...

used by Mauryan kings eventually reached Krishna River

Krishna River

The Krishna River , is one of the longest rivers in central-southern India, about . It is also referred to as Krishnaveni in its original nomenclature...

delta and gave rise to Bhattiprolu script

Bhattiprolu Script

The Bhattiprolu script is a variant of the Brahmi script which has been found in old inscriptions at Bhattiprolu, a small village in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, South India...

found on the urn containing Buddha

Buddha

In Buddhism, buddhahood is the state of perfect enlightenment attained by a buddha .In Buddhism, the term buddha usually refers to one who has become enlightened...

's relics. Buddhism

Buddhism

Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...

spread to east Asia

East Asia

East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...

from the nearby ports of Ghantasala

Ghantasala (town)

Ghantasala , is a town and Mandal headquarters in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is 21 km west of Machilipatnam and 11 km east of river krishna.The largest city of this district, Vijaywada, is around 60 km away. It is a rare and reputed center for Buddhist sculptures....

and Masulipatnam (ancient Maisolos of Ptolemy

Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy , was a Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the...

and Masalia of Periplus

Periplus

Periplus is the Latinization of an ancient Greek word, περίπλους , literally "a sailing-around." Both segments, peri- and -plous, were independently productive: the ancient Greek speaker understood the word in its literal sense; however, it developed a few specialized meanings, one of which became...

). The Bhattiprolu Brahmi script evolved into the Telugu script by 5th century C.E.

The Muslim historian and scholar Al-Biruni

Al-Biruni

Abū al-Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-BīrūnīArabic spelling. . The intermediate form Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī is often used in academic literature...

called the Telugu language and script Andhri.

Vowels

Telugu uses fourteen vowel

Vowel

In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! , where there is a constriction or closure at some...

s, each of which has both a singular form and a diacritic form used with consonants to create syllable

Syllable

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus with optional initial and final margins .Syllables are often considered the phonological "building...

s. It is important to note that this language does make a distinction between short and long vowels

Vowel length

In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. Often the chroneme, or the "longness", acts like a consonant, and may etymologically be one, such as in Australian English. While not distinctive in most dialects of English, vowel length is an important phonemic factor in...

.

Independent	With క (k)	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Independent	With క (k)	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA
అ	క	a	/a/	ఆ	కా	ā	/aː/
ఇ	కి	i	/i/	ఈ	కీ	ī	/iː/
ఉ	కు	u	/u/	ఊ	కూ	ū	/uː/
ఋ	కృ	r̥	/ri, ru/	ౠ	కౄ	r̥̄	/riː, ruː/
ఌ		l̥		ౡ		l̥̄
ఎ	కె	e	/e/	ఏ	కే	ē	/eː/
ఐ	కై	ai	/aj/	ఒ	కొ	o	/o/
ఓ	కో	ō	/oː/	ఔ	కౌ	au	/aw/
అం	కం	um		అః	కః	ah-ha

The singular form is used when the vowel occurs at the beginning of a word or syllable, or is a complete syllable in itself (example: a, u, o). The diacritic form is added to consonants (represented by the dotted circle) to form a consonant-vowel syllable (example: ka, kru, mo). అ does not have a diacritic form, because this vowel is already inherent in all of the consonants. The other diacritic vowels are added to consonants to change their pronunciation to that of the vowel.

Examples:

ఖ + ఈ (ీ) → ఖీ	/kʰa/ + /iː/ → /kʰiː/
జ + ఉ (ు) → జు	/dʒa/ + /u/ → /dʒu/

Consonants

Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	IPA
క	k	/k/	ఖ	kh	/kʰ/	గ	g	/ɡ/	ఘ	gh	/ɡʱ/	ఙ	ṅ	/ŋ/
చ	c	/tʃ/	ఛ	ch	/tʃʰ/	జ	j	/dʒ/	ఝ	jh	/dʒʱ/	ఞ	ñ	/ɲ/
ట	ṭ	/ʈ/	ఠ	ṭh	/ʈʰ/	డ	ḍ	/ɖ/	ఢ	ḍh	/ɖʱ/	ణ	ṇ	/ɳ/
త	t	/t/	థ	th	/tʰ/	ద	d	/d/	ధ	dh	/dʱ/	న	n	/n/
ప	p	/p/	ఫ	ph	/pʰ/	బ	b	/b/	భ	bh	/bʱ/	మ	m	/m/
య	y	/j/	ర	r	/r/	ల	l	/l/	వ	v	/ʋ/	ళ	ḷ	/ɭ/
శ	ś	/ʃ/	ష	ṣ	/ʂ/	స	s	/s/	హ	h	/h/	ఱ	ṛ	/ɽ/

Ligatures

అ	ఆ	ఇ	ఈ	ఉ	ఊ	ఋ	ౠ	ఎ	ఏ	ఐ	ఒ	ఓ	ఔ	అం	అః
క	కా	కి	కీ	కు	కూ	కృ	కౄ	కె	కే	కై	కొ	కో	కౌ	కం	కః
ఖ	ఖా	ఖి	ఖీ	ఖు	ఖూ	ఖృ	ఖౄ	ఖె	ఖే	ఖై	ఖొ	ఖో	ఖౌ	ఖం	ఖః
గ	గా	గి	గీ	గు	గూ	గృ	గౄ	గె	గే	గై	గొ	గో	గౌ	గం	గః
ఘ	ఘా	ఘి	ఘీ	ఘు	ఘూ	ఘృ	ఘౄ	ఘె	ఘే	ఘై	ఘొ	ఘో	ఘౌ	ఘం	ఘః
ఙ	ఙా	ఙి	ఙీ	ఙు	ఙూ	ఙృ	ఙౄ	ఙె	ఙే	ఙై	ఙొ	ఙో	ఙౌ	ఙం	ఙః
చ	చా	చి	చీ	చు	చూ	చృ	చౄ	చె	చే	చై	చొ	చో	చౌ	చం	చః
ఛ	ఛా	ఛి	ఛీ	ఛు	ఛూ	ఛృ	ఛౄ	ఛె	ఛే	ఛై	ఛొ	ఛో	ఛౌ	ఛం	ఛః
జ	జా	జి	జీ	జు	జూ	జృ	జౄ	జె	జే	జై	జొ	జో	జౌ	జం	జః
ఝ	ఝా	ఝి	ఝీ	ఝు	ఝూ	ఝృ	ఝౄ	ఝె	ఝే	ఝై	ఝొ	ఝో	ఝౌ	ఝం	ఝః
ఞ	ఞా	ఞి	ఞీ	ఞు	ఞూ	ఞృ	ఞౄ	ఞె	ఞే	ఞై	ఞొ	ఞో	ఞౌ	ఞం	ఞః
ట	టా	టి	టీ	టు	టూ	టృ	టౄ	టె	టే	టై	టొ	టో	టౌ	టం	టః
ఠ	ఠా	ఠి	ఠీ	ఠు	ఠూ	ఠృ	ఠౄ	ఠె	ఠే	ఠై	ఠొ	ఠో	ఠౌ	ఠం	ఠః
డ	డా	డి	డీ	డు	డూ	డృ	డౄ	డె	డే	డై	డొ	డో	డౌ	డం	డః
ఢ	ఢా	ఢి	ఢీ	ఢు	ఢూ	ఢృ	ఢౄ	ఢె	ఢే	ఢై	ఢొ	ఢో	ఢౌ	ఢం	ఢః
ణ	ణా	ణి	ణీ	ణు	ణూ	ణృ	ణౄ	ణె	ణే	ణై	ణొ	ణో	ణౌ	ణం	ణః
త	తా	తి	తీ	తు	తూ	తృ	తౄ	తె	తే	తై	తొ	తో	తౌ	తం	తః
థ	థా	థి	థీ	థు	థూ	థృ	థౄ	థె	థే	థై	థొ	థో	థౌ	థం	థః
ద	దా	ది	దీ	దు	దూ	దృ	దౄ	దె	దే	దై	దొ	దొ	దౌ	దం	దః
ధ	ధా	ధి	ధీ	ధు	ధూ	ధృ	ధౄ	ధె	ధే	ధై	ధొ	ధో	ధౌ	ధం	ధః
న	నా	ని	నీ	ను	నూ	నృ	నౄ	నె	నే	నై	నొ	నో	నౌ	నం	నః
ప	పా	పి	పీ	పు	పూ	పృ	పౄ	పె	పే	పై	పొ	పో	పౌ	పం	పః
ఫ	ఫా	ఫి	ఫీ	ఫు	ఫూ	ఫృ	ఫౄ	ఫె	ఫే	ఫై	ఫొ	ఫో	ఫౌ	ఫం	ఫః
బ	బా	బి	బీ	బు	బూ	బృ	బౄ	బె	బే	బై	బొ	బో	బౌ	బం	బః
భ	భా	భి	బీ	భు	భూ	భృ	భౄ	భె	భే	భై	భొ	భో	భౌ	భం	భః
మ	మా	మి	మీ	ము	మూ	మృ	మౄ	మె	మే	మై	మొ	మో	మౌ	మం	మః
య	యా	యి	యీ	యు	యూ	యృ	యౄ	యె	యే	యై	యొ	యో	యౌ	యం	యః
ర	రా	రి	రీ	రు	రూ	రృ	రౄ	రె	రే	రై	రొ	రో	రౌ	రం	రః
ల	లా	లి	లీ	లు	లూ	లృ	లౄ	లె	లే	లై	లొ	లో	లౌ	లం	లః
వ	వా	వి	వీ	వు	వూ	వృ	వౄ	వె	వే	వై	వొ	వో	వౌ	వం	వః
శ	శా	శి	శీ	శు	శూ	శృ	శౄ	శె	శే	శై	శొ	శో	శౌ	శం	శః
ష	షా	షి	షీ	షు	షూ	షృ	షౄ	షె	షే	షై	షొ	షో	షౌ	షం	షః
స	సా	సి	సీ	సు	సూ	సృ	సౄ	సె	సే	సై	సొ	సో	సౌ	సం	సః
హ	హా	హి	హీ	హు	హూ	హృ	హౄ	హె	హే	హై	హొ	హో	హౌ	హం	హః
ళ	ళా	ళి	ళీ	ళు	ళూ	ళృ	ళౄ	ళె	ళే	ళై	ళొ	ళో	ళౌ	ళం	ళః
క్ష	క్షా	క్షి	క్షీ	క్షు	క్షూ	క్షృ	క్షౄ	క్షె	క్షే	క్షై	క్షొ	క్షో	క్షౌ	క్షం	క్షః
ఱ	ఱా	ఱి	ఱీ	ఱు	ఱూ	ఱృ	ఱౄ	ఱె	ఱే	ఱై	ఱొ	ఱో	ఱౌ	ఱం	ఱః

Other diacritics

There are also several other diacritics used in the Telugu script. {{Unicode

Virama

Virama is a generic term for the diacritic in many Brahmic scripts, including Devanagari and East Nagari, that is used to suppress the inherent vowel that otherwise occurs with every consonant letter. The name is Sanskrit for "cessation, termination, end"...

mutes the vowel of a consonant, so that only the consonant is pronounced. {{Unicode

Anusvara

Anusvara is the diacritic used to mark a type of nasalization used in a number of Indic languages. Depending on the location of the anusvara in the word and the language within which it is used, its exact pronunciation can vary greatly....

and {{Unicode nasalize the vowels or syllables to which they are attached. {{Unicode

Visarga

Visarga is a Sanskrit word meaning "sending forth, discharge". In Sanskrit phonology , is the name of a phone, , written as IAST , Harvard-Kyoto , Devanagari . Visarga is an allophone of and in pausa...

adds a voiceless breath after the vowel or syllable it is attached to.

Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...	Character	ISO ISO 15919 ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...
అం	kaṁ	అఁ	kan̆	అః	kaḥ	క్	k

Examples:

క + {{unicode\|్}} → క్ {{nbsp\|2}}	[ka] + [∅] → [k]
క + {{unicode\|ఁ}} → కఁ	[ka] + [n] → [kan]
క + {{unicode\|ం}} → కం	[ka] + [m] → [kam]
క + {{unicode\|ః}} → కః	[ka] + [h] → [kah]

Numerals

0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
౦	౧	౨	౩	౪	౫	౬	౭	౮	౯

0\|4}}	{{frac\|1\|4}}	{{frac\|2\|4}}	{{frac\|3\|4}}	{{frac\|0\|16}}	{{frac\|1\|16}}	{{frac\|2\|16}}	{{frac\|3\|16}}
౸	౹	౺	౻	౦	౼	౽	౾

NOTE: {{lang|te|౹}}, {{lang|te|౺}}, and {{lang|te|౻}} are used also for {{frac|1|64}}, {{frac|2|64}}, {{frac|3|64}}, {{frac|1|1024}}, etc. and {{lang|te|౼}}, {{lang|te|౽}}, and {{lang|te|౾}} are also used for {{frac|1|256}}, {{frac|2|256}}, {{frac|3|256}}, {{frac|1|4096}}, etc.

Unicode

Telugu script was added to the Unicode

Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...

Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0.

The Unicode block for Telugu is U+0C00–U+0C7F. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points:

{{Unicode chart Telugu}}

In contrast to a syllabic

Syllabary

A syllabary is a set of written symbols that represent syllables, which make up words. In a syllabary, there is no systematic similarity between the symbols which represent syllables with the same consonant or vowel...

script such as katakana

Katakana

is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with hiragana, kanji, and in some cases the Latin alphabet . The word katakana means "fragmentary kana", as the katakana scripts are derived from components of more complex kanji. Each kana represents one mora...

, where one Unicode code point

Code point

In character encoding terminology, a code point or code position is any of the numerical values that make up the code space . For example, ASCII comprises 128 code points in the range 0hex to 7Fhex, Extended ASCII comprises 256 code points in the range 0hex to FFhex, and Unicode comprises 1,114,112...

represents the glyph

Glyph

A glyph is an element of writing: an individual mark on a written medium that contributes to the meaning of what is written. A glyph is made up of one or more graphemes....

for one syllable, Telugu combines multiple code point

Code point

In character encoding terminology, a code point or code position is any of the numerical values that make up the code space . For example, ASCII comprises 128 code points in the range 0hex to 7Fhex, Extended ASCII comprises 256 code points in the range 0hex to FFhex, and Unicode comprises 1,114,112...

s to generate the glyph for one syllable, using complex font rendering rules.

Telugu script

Derivation from Brahmi script

Vowels

Consonants

Ligatures

Other diacritics

Derivation from Brahmi script

Vowels

Consonants

Ligatures

Other diacritics

Derivation from Brahmi script

Vowels

Consonants

Ligatures

Other diacritics

Numerals

Unicode

External links