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Television Studio

 
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Television studio
 
 
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A television studio is an installation in which television
Television

Television is a widely used telecommunication mass-media for transmitting and receiving moving , either monochrome or color, usually accompanied by sound....
 or video
Video

Video is the technology of electronics Videography, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing Scene in motion....
 productions take place, either for live television
Live television

Live television refers to television broadcast in real time or on a short Tape delay basis. It is used in the local news.In general live television was more common for broadcasting content produced specifically for television in the early years of the medium, before technologies such as videotape recording appeared....
, for recording live to tape, or for the acquisition of raw footage
Footage

In film and video, footage is the raw, unedited material as it had been originally recorded by video camera, which usually must be film editing to create a motion picture, video clip, television show or similar completed work....
 for postproduction. The design of a studio is similar to, and derived from, movie studio
Movie studio

A movie studio is, in the established sense of the term, a film distributor. Literally, however, the term denotes a controlled environment for the making of a film....
s, with a few amendments for the special requirements of television production. A professional television studio generally has several rooms, which are kept separate for noise and practicality reasons.






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A television studio is an installation in which television
Television

Television is a widely used telecommunication mass-media for transmitting and receiving moving , either monochrome or color, usually accompanied by sound....
 or video
Video

Video is the technology of electronics Videography, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing Scene in motion....
 productions take place, either for live television
Live television

Live television refers to television broadcast in real time or on a short Tape delay basis. It is used in the local news.In general live television was more common for broadcasting content produced specifically for television in the early years of the medium, before technologies such as videotape recording appeared....
, for recording live to tape, or for the acquisition of raw footage
Footage

In film and video, footage is the raw, unedited material as it had been originally recorded by video camera, which usually must be film editing to create a motion picture, video clip, television show or similar completed work....
 for postproduction. The design of a studio is similar to, and derived from, movie studio
Movie studio

A movie studio is, in the established sense of the term, a film distributor. Literally, however, the term denotes a controlled environment for the making of a film....
s, with a few amendments for the special requirements of television production. A professional television studio generally has several rooms, which are kept separate for noise and practicality reasons. These rooms are connected via intercom
Intercom

An intercom , talkback or doorphone is an electronic communications system intended for limited or private dialogue, direction, collaboration or announcements....
, and personnel will be divided among these workplaces.

Studio floor

The studio floor is the actual stage on which the actions that will be recorded take place. A studio floor has the following characteristics and installations:

  • decoration and/or set
    Set construction

    Set construction is a process by which a scenic design works in collaboration with the theatre director of the production to create the set for a theatrical, film or television production....
    s
  • cameras
    Professional video camera

    A professional video camera is a high-end device for recording electronic moving images . Originally developed for use in television Television studio, they are now commonly used for corporate and educational videos, music videos, and direct-to-video movies....
     on pedestal
    Pedestal

    Pedestal is a term generally applied to the support of a statue or a vase.Although in Syria, Asia Minor and Tunisia the Romans occasionally raised the columns of their temples or propylaea on square pedestals, in Rome itself they were employed only to give greater importance to isolated columns, such as those of Trajan's Column and Anton...
    s
  • microphone
    Microphone

    A microphone, sometimes referred to as a mike or?more recently?mic, is an acoustic-to-electric transducer or sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal....
    s
  • lighting
    Stage lighting

    Modern stage lighting is a flexible tool in the production of theatre, dance, opera and other performance arts. Several different types of stage lighting instruments are used in the pursuit of the various principles or goals of lighting....
     rigs and the associated controlling equipment.
  • several video monitor
    Video monitor

    A video monitor also called a broadcast monitor, broadcast reference monitor or just reference monitor, is a device similar to a television, used to monitor the output of a video-generating device, such as a media playout Server , IRD, video camera, VCR, or DVD player....
    s for visual feedback from the production control room
  • a small public address
    Public address

    A public address or "PA" system is an electronic amplifier system with a Mixing console, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to reinforce a given sound, e.g., a person making a speech, prerecorded music, or message, and distributing the sound to the general public around a building....
     system for communication
  • A glass window between PCR and studio floor for direct visual contact is usually desired, but not always possible


While a production is in progress, the following people work in the studio floor.

  • The on-screen "talent" themselves, and any guests - the subjects of the show.
  • A floor director, who has overall charge of the studio area, and who relays timing and other information from the director.
  • One or more camera operators who operate the television cameras, though in some instances these can also be operated from PCR using remote heads.
  • Possibly a teleprompter
    Teleprompter

    A teleprompter is a display device that prompts the person speaking with an Electronics visual character of a public speaking or screenplay....
     operator, especially if this is a news
    NeWS

    NeWS was a windowing system developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid 1980s. Originally known as "SunDew", its primary authors were James Gosling and David S....
     broadcast.


Production control room


The production control room (also known as the 'gallery' or Studio Control Room (SCR)) is the place in a television studio in which the composition of the outgoing program takes place. Facilities in a PCR include:

  • a video monitor
    Video monitor

    A video monitor also called a broadcast monitor, broadcast reference monitor or just reference monitor, is a device similar to a television, used to monitor the output of a video-generating device, such as a media playout Server , IRD, video camera, VCR, or DVD player....
     wall, with monitors for program, preview, videotape machines, cameras, graphics and other video sources
  • switcher
    Vision mixer

    A vision mixer is a device used to select between several different video sources and in some cases composite video sources together and add special effects....
     a device where all video sources are controlled and taken to air. Also known as a special effects generator
  • audio mixing console
    Mixing console

    In professional Sound reproduction, a mixing console, or audio mixer, also called a sound board or soundboard, is an Electronics device for combining , routing, and changing the level, Timbre and/or dynamics of audio signals....
     and other audio equipment such as effects devices
  • character generator
    Character generator

    A character generator, often abbreviated as CG, is a device or software that produces static or animated text for Keying into a video stream....
     creates the majority of the names and full screen graphics that are inserted into the program
  • digital video effects
    Digital Video Effects

    Digital Video Effects commonly called DVEs, are digital visual effects that provide transitions from one scene to another, rather than making hard cut frame translational changes ....
     and/or still frame devices (if not integrated in the vision mixer)
  • technical director
    Technical director

    The Technical Director or Technical Producer is usually the most senior technical person within a Software, Theatre, or Film/Television Studio or agency....
    's station, with waveform monitor
    Waveform monitor

    A waveform monitor is a special type of oscilloscope used in television applications. It is typically used to measure and display the level, or voltage, of a video signal with respect to time....
    s, vectorscope
    Vectorscope

    A vectorscope is a special type of oscilloscope used in both audio and video applications. Whereas an oscilloscope or waveform monitor normally displays a plot of signal vs....
    s and the camera control unit
    Camera control unit

    The camera control unit is installed in the production control room , and allows various aspects of the professional video camera on the studio floor to be controlled remotely....
    s or remote control panels for the camera control units (CCUs)
  • VTRs may also be located in the PCR, but are also often found in the central machine room


Master control room


The master control room
Master control

Master control is the technical hub of a Broadcasting operation common among most over-the-air television stations and television networks. It is distinct from production control rooms in television studios where the activities such as switching from camera to camera are coordinated....
 houses equipment that is too noisy or runs too hot for the production control room. It also makes sure that wire lengths and installation requirements keep within manageable lengths, since most high-quality wiring runs only between devices in this room. This can include:

  • The actual circuitry and connection boxes of the vision mixer
    Vision mixer

    A vision mixer is a device used to select between several different video sources and in some cases composite video sources together and add special effects....
    , DVE
    Digital Video Effects

    Digital Video Effects commonly called DVEs, are digital visual effects that provide transitions from one scene to another, rather than making hard cut frame translational changes ....
     and character generator
    Character generator

    A character generator, often abbreviated as CG, is a device or software that produces static or animated text for Keying into a video stream....
     devices
  • camera control unit
    Camera control unit

    The camera control unit is installed in the production control room , and allows various aspects of the professional video camera on the studio floor to be controlled remotely....
    s
  • VTRs
  • patch panel
    Patch panel

    A patch panel or patch bay, not to be confused with the jackfield, is a panel, typically rackmounted, that houses cable connections....
    s for reconfiguration of the wiring between the various pieces of equipment.


In a broadcast station in the US, master control room
Master control

Master control is the technical hub of a Broadcasting operation common among most over-the-air television stations and television networks. It is distinct from production control rooms in television studios where the activities such as switching from camera to camera are coordinated....
 or "MCR" is the place where the on-air signal is controlled. It may include controls to play back programs and commercials, switch local or network feeds, record satellite feeds and monitor the transmitter(s). The description of an MCR given above usually refers to an equipment rack room, which is usually separate from the MCR itself. The term "studio" usually refers to a place where a particular local program is originated. If the program is broadcast live, the signal goes from the production control room to MCR and then out to the transmitter.

Other facilities

A television studio usually has other rooms with no technical requirements beyond program and audio monitors. Among them are:
  • one or more make-up and changing rooms
  • a reception area for crew, talent
    Talent

    Talent may refer to:*Talent, a personal intellectual giftedness/skill*A Celebrity or group of them**Tarento, the Japanese pronunciation of the word; a variety entertainment personality in Japan...
    , and visitors, commonly called the green room
    Green room

    A green room is a room in a theater, studio, or other public venue for the accommodation of Performing arts or Public speaker when not required on the Stage ....
    .


See also

  • Broadcasting
    Broadcasting

    Broadcasting is distribution of Sound and/or video Signalling s which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults....
  • Broadcast engineering
    Broadcast engineering

    Broadcast engineering is the field of electrical engineering, and now to some extent computer engineering and information technology, which deals with radio and television broadcasting....
  • Outside broadcasting
    Outside broadcasting

    Outside Broadcasting is the production of television or radio programmes from a mobile television studio. This mobile control room is known as an "Outside Broadcasting Van", "OB Van", "Scanner" , "mobile unit", "remote truck", "live truck", or "production truck"....
  • Television crew
    Television crew

    Television crew positions are derived from those of film crew, but with several differences....
  • Master control
    Master control

    Master control is the technical hub of a Broadcasting operation common among most over-the-air television stations and television networks. It is distinct from production control rooms in television studios where the activities such as switching from camera to camera are coordinated....
  • Transmission Control Room
    Transmission control room

    Transmission Control Room or 'Transmission Suite', or 'Tx Room', is a room at broadcast facilities and television stations around the world....
  • Central Apparatus Room
    Central Apparatus Room

    Central apparatus room or CAR or Central machine room, are room or several rooms at broadcast facilities. These rooms contain broadcast and broadcast IT mission critical gear necessary to broadcast and television operations....


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