Tampere ' onMouseout='HidePop("5988")' href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Finland-Swedish">Swedish
Finland Swedish is a general term for the closely related cluster of dialects of Swedish spoken in Finland by Swedish-speaking Finns as their mother tongue...
:
Tammerfors or ) is a city in southern
FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland
, is a Nordic country and democracy situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland...
located between two lakes,
NäsijärviNäsijärvi is a lake 95 meters above sea level, in southern Finland. Näsijärvi is the biggest lake in the Tampere region. It is 256 km² in size. The city of Tampere was built around the rapids of Tammerkoski, through which the lake drains into Pyhäjärvi...
and Pyhäjärvi. Since the two lakes differ in level by , the rapids linking them,
TammerkoskiTammerkoski is a channel of rapids in Tampere, Finland. The city of Tampere is located between two lakes, Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi. The difference in altitude between these two is 18 metres and the water flows from Näsijärvi to Pyhäjärvi through the Tammerkoski rapids.The banks of the Tammerkoski...
, have been an important power source throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere is dubbed the "
ManchesterManchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2007, the population of the city was estimated to be 458,100...
of Finland" for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry, and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms using that such as Manserock.
The Tampere region, called
PirkanmaaPirkanmaa , or the Tampere Region , is a region of Finland located in Western Finland province. It borders on the regions of Satakunta, Tavastia Proper, Päijänne Tavastia, Southern Ostrobothnia and Central Finland....
, which includes outlying municipalities, had around 470,000 residents, of which 230,000 were employed, and a turnover of 25 billion euros in 2007.
Tampere is the most populous inland city in any of the
Nordic countriesThe Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories which include the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland...
. The city has a population of , with close to 300,000 people in the conurbation and over 340,000 in the metropolitan area. Tampere is the third most-populous municipality in Finland, after the
Greater HelsinkiGreater Helsinki and the smaller Helsinki Metropolitan Area or Capital Region refer to two regions of different size surrounding Helsinki, the capital of Finland...
municipalities of
HelsinkiHelsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the southern part of Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, by the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it the most populous municipality in Finland by a wide margin...
and
EspooEspoo ) is a city and municipality of Finland. With a population of approximately it is the second most populated city in Finland. It is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area along with the cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, and Kauniainen. Espoo shares its eastern border with Helsinki and Vantaa, while...
. Helsinki can be reached in 1.5 hours by train and 2 hours by car. The distance to
TurkuTurku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper in the Province of Western Finland. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...
is approximately the same. Tampere airport is the third-busiest airport in Finland, with 800,000 passengers annually.
History
Tampere was founded as a market place on the banks of the Tammerkoski channel in 1775 by
Gustav III of SwedenGustav III was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death. He was the eldest son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great....
and four years later, 1779, Tampere was granted full city rights in 1779. At this time, it was a rather small town, consisting of only a few square kilometers of land around the Tammerkoski.
Tampere grew as a major market town and industrial centre in the 19th century. During the latter half of 19th century Tampere had
almost half of Finland's industrial labourJames Finlayson was a Scottish Quaker who, in effect, took the Industrial Revolution to Tampere, Finland.James Finlayson was probably born 1772 in Glasgow, Scotland and became a self-trained engineer. He moved, in 1817, to St...
. The town's industrial nature in the 19th and 20th centuries gave it the nickname "
ManchesterManchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2007, the population of the city was estimated to be 458,100...
of the North",
Manse for short (in Finnish).
Tampere was the centre of many important political events of Finland in the early 20th century. On November 1, 1905, during the general strike, the famous
Red Declaration was proclaimed on the Keskustori, the central square of Tampere, subsequently leading to
universal suffrageUniversal suffrage consists of the extension of the right to vote to adult citizens as a whole, though it may also mean extending said right to minors and noncitizens...
in Finland and the
TsarTsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or Tzar in English, is a Slavic term with Bulgarian origins used to designate certain monarchs...
of Russia granting larger freedoms to Finns. In 1918, when Finland had recently gained independence, Tampere also played a major role, being one of the strategically important scenes during the Civil War in Finland (January 28–May 15, 1918). Tampere was a red stronghold during the war, with Hugo Salmela in command.
White forcesThe White Guards is one translation of the Finnish term Suojeluskunta , which has received many different approximations in English, including Security Guard, Civil Guard, Civic Guards, National Guard, White Militia, Defence Corps, Protection Guard, Protection Corps and Protection...
capturedThe Battle of Tampere of the Finnish Civil War was fought in March and April 1918 between Red and White forces. The White forces besieged and captured the main city of the Red Guards, Tampere, taking 10,000 Red prisoners....
Tampere, seizing about 10,000 Red prisoners on April 6.
Prevalent in Tampere's post-
World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
municipal politics was the so called Brothers-in-Arms Axis (
aseveliakseli), the alliance of
conservativesThe National Coalition Party is a liberal conservative political party in Finland founded in 1918....
and
social democratsThe Social Democratic Party of Finland is one of the most influential political parties in Finland, along with the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party. It has been in the Cabinet for long periods of time, the last time in 1995–2007, and has set many fundamental policies of the Finnish...
against the communists and Agrarian party. During this era some of the most renowned city managers of Tampere were Erkki Napoleon Lindfors (who was responsible for many ambitious construction projects such as the
Näsinneula towerNäsinneula is an observation tower in Tampere, Finland, overseeing Lake Näsijärvi. It was built in 1970–1971 and was designed by Pekka Ilveskoski. It is the tallest free-standing structure in Finland and the tallest observation tower in the Nordic countries at a height of 168 metres. The tower...
and the construction of the suburb of
HervantaHervanta is a large suburb, or satellite city, of Tampere in Finland, located next to Hallila some 10 km south of the city centre.Home to a population of over 26,000, Hervanta is best known for its prefabricated blocks of flats. The total number of apartments is about 11,000...
, Tampere's "daughter town"),
Pekka PaavolaPekka Paavola is a Finnish social democratic politician, Minister of Justice in the 1972 cabinet, and a convicted criminal in multiple cases....
(who gained some notoriety in
corruptionPolitical corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by...
scandals) and Jarmo Rantanen. From 2007 on, Tampere switched to a new model of having a mayor and four deputy mayors, chosen for a periods of two years. Timo P. Nieminen was elected as the first mayor of Tampere for the years 2007–2009.
After World War II, Tampere was enlarged by joining some neighbouring areas.
MessukyläMessukylä is a former municipality of Finland which was annexed by the city of Tampere in 1947. The medieval stone church in Messukylä is the oldest building in Tampere. During the Civil War , Messukylä was the scene of heavy battles around both the medieval and new churches....
was incorporated in 1947,
LielahtiLielahti is a suburb in the city of Tampere , Finland with important industrial and commercial facilities. Lielahti was annexed to the city in 1950 from Ylöjärvi parish...
in 1950, Aitolahti in 1966 and finally Teisko in 1972. Tampere was known for its textile and metal industries, but these have been largely replaced by
information technologyInformation technology , as defined by the Information Technology Association of America , is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT deals with the use of electronic...
and telecommunications during the 1990s. The technology centre Hermia in
HervantaHervanta is a large suburb, or satellite city, of Tampere in Finland, located next to Hallila some 10 km south of the city centre.Home to a population of over 26,000, Hervanta is best known for its prefabricated blocks of flats. The total number of apartments is about 11,000...
is home to many companies in these fields.
Geography
Tampere is part of the
PirkanmaaPirkanmaa , or the Tampere Region , is a region of Finland located in Western Finland province. It borders on the regions of Satakunta, Tavastia Proper, Päijänne Tavastia, Southern Ostrobothnia and Central Finland....
regionFinland is divided into 20 regions . The regions are governed by regional councils, which serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of a region. The main tasks of the regions are regional planning and development of enterprise and education. In addition, the public health services are...
and is surrounded by the
municipalities||-|The municipalities represent the local level of administration in Finland and act as the fundamental, self-governing administrative units of the country. The entire country is incorporated into municipalities and legally, all municipalities are equal, although certain municipalities are called...
of
KangasalaKangasala is a municipality in Finland, next to Tampere. It was founded in 1865. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is ....
,
KuruKuru is a former municipality of Finland, now part of the town of Ylöjärvi.Kuru is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. Kuru lies north of Tampere. The municipality had a population of 2,782 and covered an area of 820.48 km² of which 103.53 km² is water....
,
LempääläLempäälä is a municipality in southwestern Finland with inhabitants . Lempäälä is located south of the city of Tampere. The municipality covers an area of of which is water. The population density is ....
,
NokiaNokia is a town and a municipality on the banks of the Nokianvirta River in the region of Pirkanmaa and the province of Western Finland, some west of Tampere. As of it has a population of .- History :...
,
OrivesiOrivesi is a town and a municipality of Finland. It was founded in 1865.It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is .The municipality is unilingually...
,
PirkkalaPirkkala is a municipality of Finland.It is located some south-west from Tampere in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is...
,
RuovesiRuovesi is a municipality of Finland.It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is ....
and
YlöjärviYlöjärvi is a town and a municipality in Western Finland located west of Tampere.The town has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is . The population has increased rapidly in recent years, in 1990 it was slightly over 18,000.Ylöjärvi was founded as...
.
Climate
On average, the snow season lasts 4 – 5 months: from late November to mid-April.
Economy
The Tampere region, or
PirkanmaaPirkanmaa , or the Tampere Region , is a region of Finland located in Western Finland province. It borders on the regions of Satakunta, Tavastia Proper, Päijänne Tavastia, Southern Ostrobothnia and Central Finland....
, which includes outlying municipalities, has around 0.47 million residents, 0.23 million employed, and 25 billion euro turnover as of 2007. According to the Tampere International Business Office, the area is strong in mechanical engineering and automation, information and communication technologies, and health and biotechnology, as well as pulp and paper industry education. The Tampere region has two universities and three polytechnics totaling 40,000 students. The unemployment rate is around 10%.
Education
There are four institutions of higher education in the Tampere area: two universities and two polytechnics . The universities are
University of TampereThe University of Tampere is a university in Tampere, Finland. It has 15,400 degree students and 2,100 employees. It was originally founded in 1925 in Helsinki as a Civic College , and from 1930 onwards it was known as a School of Social Sciences...
(UTA),(more than 12,000 students) which is located right next to the city center, and
Tampere University of TechnologyTampere University of Technology is Finland's second largest university in engineering sciences. The university is located in Hervanta, a suburb of Tampere....
(more than 12,000 students), located in
HervantaHervanta is a large suburb, or satellite city, of Tampere in Finland, located next to Hallila some 10 km south of the city centre.Home to a population of over 26,000, Hervanta is best known for its prefabricated blocks of flats. The total number of apartments is about 11,000...
. The two polytechnics (the term used by Finnish Ministry of Education), which call themselves in English "Universities of Applied Sciences", are
Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu (5,000 students) and
Pirkanmaan ammattikorkeakoulu (4,500 students).
Culture
Tampere is known for its active cultural life. Some of the most popular writers in Finland, such as
Väinö LinnaVäinö Linna was one of the most influential Finnish authors of the 20th century. He shot to immediate literary fame with his third novel, Tuntematon sotilas , and consolidated his position with thetrilogy Täällä Pohjantähden alla Väinö Linna (December 20, 1920 – April 21, 1992) was one of the...
,
Kalle PäätaloKaarlo Alvar Päätalo was a Finnish novelist, the most popular Finnish writer in the 20th century....
and
Hannu SalamaHannu Salama is a Finnish author.- Biography and work :Hannu Salama was born in Kouvola, Kymenlaakso region in Southern Finland. He spent his childhood in the Pispala district of the city of Tampere, in a traditional working-class area with working class politics and culture...
, hail from Tampere. These are all known as writers depicting the lives of working class people. Also from a working class background was the famous poet
Lauri ViitaLauri Viita was a poet hailing from the Pispala district of Tampere, Finland.- Selected works : * Betonimylläri * Kukunor * Moreeni...
of the Pispala district (which is the original home of Hannu Salama too). Tampere also has old theatre traditions, with such established institutions as
Tampereen Työväen TeatteriThe Tampere Workers' Theatre is one of the two main active theatres in Tampere, Finland, along with the Tampere Theatre .-External links:*...
,
Tampereen TeatteriThe Tampere Theatre is one of the two main active theatres in Tampere, Finland, along with the Tampere Workers' Theatre . The theatre was started in 1903. The main scene of the Tampere Theatre is located right in the centre of Tampere, opposite the municipality hall...
and
Pyynikin KesäteatteriPyynikin Kesäteatteri is an open-air theatre operating in Tampere, Finland, known especially for its revolving auditorium...
, which is an open-air theatre with the oldest
revolving auditoriumA revolving auditorium is a mechanically controlled seating area within a theatre which can be rotated in order to manipulate the change of scenery and stage sets during the performance...
in Europe. Tampereen Teatterikesä or
Tampere Theatre FestivalThe Tampere Theatre Festival, or Tampereen Teatterikesä, takes place in Tampere, Finland, at the beginning of August and is the oldest annual theatre festival in the Nordic countries. The festival was started in 1969 with support from Tampereen Teatterikerho...
is an international theatre festival held in Tampere every August.
Tampere is also known for its Tampere Art Museum, Tampere, Finland which featured American artist
Richard HumannRichard Humann is a contemporary conceptual American artist who was born and raised in Stony Point, New York. He is a graduate of the art school at Harriman College in New York. He lives and works in Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Woodstock, New York. He is married to the contemporary vocalist Susan...
in 2004, for his exhibition entitled, Delicate Monster.
Tampere Film FestivalThe Tampere Film Festival is a short film festival held every March in the Finnish town of Tampere. It is accredited by the film producers' society FIAPF, and together with the short film festivals in Oberhausen and Clermont-Ferrand, it is among the most important European short film festivals.The...
, an international short film festival, is held every March.
TammerfestTammerfest is an urban city festival located in Tampere, Finland. For 5 days and 5 nights in July, Tammerfest spreads the message of summer, joy, music and festival atmosphere to the whole town. Everything happens in the heart of the city whether it’s in a park, a cruise, a club or on the street...
is Tampere's urban rock festival held every July.
Tampere Music FestivalsThe Tampere Music Festivals organises three music events in the city of Tampere, Finland.Tampere Jazz Happening takes place every November, bringing together friends of modern jazz. The uncompromising programme consists of improvised music, world music and rock-influenced jazz...
organises three international music events: Tampere Jazz Happening each November, and in alternate years Tampere Vocal Music Festival and Tampere Biennale.
Tampere is home to the television channel
YLE TV2YLE TV2 is a Finnish television channel owned and operated by YLE.TVE TV2 launched in 1964, and broadcasts public service programming, children's, youth, sport and music programmes.-Programs and audience:* Ajankohtainen kakkonen...
, with its studios in the Tohloppi district, known among all for such popular TV comedies as
Tankki täyteen,
Reinikainen and
KummeliKummeli is the name of a Finnish comedy crew formed by Heikki Silvennoinen, Timo Kahilainen and Heikki Hela from Tampere. They are also the heads of Porkkana Ryhmä, the crew's production company...
.
A local food speciality is
mustamakkaraMustamakkara is a type of Finnish blood sausage traditionally eaten with lingonberry jam. It is nowadays available in many stores across Finland, but is held in the position of local delicacy and speciality of Tampere...
, which resembles black pudding of northern England.
Religion
Tampere has a variety of different religious services spanning from traditional to charismatic. There are also some English speaking services.
Tampere English Service is an international community affiliated with the
Tampere Pentecostal Church. English services of the
International Congregation of Christ the King (ICCK) are organized by the
Anglican Church in Finland and the Lutheran Parishes of Tampere. Other churches may also have English speaking ministries. Other notable churches in Tampere are
Nokia RevivalNokia Revival is a charismatic Christian movement originated in Finland in the town of Nokia. The starting point of the movement is the strong charismatic renewal experienced by Markku Koivisto, the vicar of Nokia Lutheran Church in 1991...
,
Finnish Orthodox ChurchThe Finnish Orthodox Church is an autonomous Orthodox archbishopric of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The Church has a legal position as a national church in the country, along with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland....
,
Evangelical Free Church, and Baptist Church.
Sports
Tampere's sporting scene is driven by two sports,
ice hockeyIce Hockey is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a puck into the opposing team's goal. It is a fast-paced and physical sport...
and
footballAssociation football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players using a spherical ball...
. As the first ice hockey match was played in Tampere, on the ice of
NäsijärviNäsijärvi is a lake 95 meters above sea level, in southern Finland. Näsijärvi is the biggest lake in the Tampere region. It is 256 km² in size. The city of Tampere was built around the rapids of Tammerkoski, through which the lake drains into Pyhäjärvi...
, between
IlvesIlves is a Finnish sports club nowadays mostly known for their ice hockey team in the SM-liiga. They play in Tampere, Finland at the Tampereen jäähalli in Hakametsä...
and Pyrintö, Tampere is nicknamed the hometown of Finnish hockey. Two notably exceptional ice hockey teams exist in Tampere—
IlvesIlves is a Finnish sports club nowadays mostly known for their ice hockey team in the SM-liiga. They play in Tampere, Finland at the Tampereen jäähalli in Hakametsä...
and
TapparaTappara is an ice hockey team in the SM-liiga. They play in Tampere, Finland at Tampereen jäähalli. The team have won 15 league championships ....
. They both have had a great impact on Finnish ice hockey culture and are among the most successful teams in Finland. The Finnish ice hockey museum, and the first ice hockey arena to be built in Finland, the
HakametsäTampereen jäähalli is a sports arena in Tampere, Finland. It is primarily used for ice hockey, and is the home arena of Ilves and Tappara of the SM-liiga...
arena, are both located in Tampere.
FootballAssociation football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players using a spherical ball...
, however, is the number one sport in Tampere. Only Ilves have over 4,000 players in their football teams, while Tampere boasts over 100 football teams alone.
Tampere UnitedTampere United is a Finnish football club, playing Veikkausliiga, the premier football league in Finland. The club comes from the city of Tampere. The current head coach of the club is Ari Hjelm.-History:...
play at the highest level in Finland. The city also hosted two flatwater canoeing world championships, in 1973 and 1983. In 1977, Tampere hosted the
Junior World Rowing ChampionshipsThe World Rowing Junior Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA . It is open to rowers who are 18 or younger by the end of the current calendar year...
.
Tampere was the host of the 10th
European Youth Olympic FestivalEuropean Youth Olympic Festival, known by its initials EYOF, is a biennial multi-sport event for youth athletes from the 48 member countries of the association of European Olympic Committees. EYOF has a summer edition, held for the first time in Brussels in 1991, and a winter edition, which began...
from 17th to 25th July 2009.
Rivalry between cities
Tampere ostensibly has a long-standing
mutual feudIn Finland, there is a kind of tradition of good-natured rivalry between different cities, most notably between Helsinki , Tampere and Turku...
with the city of
TurkuTurku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper in the Province of Western Finland. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...
, the first capital of Finland. This hostility is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food,
mustamakkaraMustamakkara is a type of Finnish blood sausage traditionally eaten with lingonberry jam. It is nowadays available in many stores across Finland, but is held in the position of local delicacy and speciality of Tampere...
, the state of the
Aura RiverThe Aura River is a river in south-western Finland. Its sources are in the town of Oripää, and it flows through Pöytyä, Aura and Lieto before discharging into the Archipelago Sea in the middle of the city of Turku. The total length of the river is about , and it contains eleven rapids, the biggest...
in Turku, and the regional accents. Students at Tampere have organized the
Non-Turkuan Nation (
Ei-Turkulainen Osakunta), which since 1997 has made annual excursions to Turku to jump on the market square, doing their part to undo the
post-glacial reboundPost-glacial rebound is the rise of land masses that were depressed by the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, through a process known as isostatic depression...
and push the city back under the sea.
Popular music
There is a lot of musical activity in Tampere, especially in the realm of black metal / heavy metal and rock. Some of the more popular bands based in Tampere include Negative, Circle of Ouroborus, Uniklubi, Horna, Sargeist and Behexen.
Manserock
Manserock is general term for
rock musicRock music is a genre of popular music that entered the mainstream in the 1960s. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, rhythm and blues, country music and also drew on folk music, jazz and classical music....
from Tampere. In the local slang Manse means Tampere. "Manse" comes from "
ManchesterManchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. In 2007, the population of the city was estimated to be 458,100...
", as Tampere was one of the first industrial towns in Finland, and thus was similar to Manchester.
Although there was some rock movement in Tampere earlier, Manserock was considered to start in August 1969 when famous musical
HairHair: The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt MacDermot. A product of the hippie counter-culture and sexual revolution of the 1960s, several of its songs became anthems of the anti-Vietnam War peace movement...
was played for the first time in a local theater. Reijo Paukku brought the musical to Tampere from the USA. Several local musicians participated in the show. The show received a lot of publicity in Tampere and in the whole
FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland
, is a Nordic country and democracy situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland...
.
The 70s can be considered the golden age of Manserock and the word Manserock was introduced in early 70's. Several local rock bands were popular in Finland and the reputation of Tampere as a rock city grew. The biggest name of that age is
Juice LeskinenJuhani Juice Leskinen , better known as Juice Leskinen , was one of the most prominent Finnish singer-songwriters of the late 20th century...
. Some other noteworthy names are Virtanen, Kontra, and
KasevaKaseva is a Finnish pop rock band from Tampere. Kaseva is well known from its beautiful melodies, harmony singing and playing 12 string guitars, and combining many styles of music and instruments...
. All of these bands played rock music with Finnish lyrics.
In 1977 Poko Records was founded. This was the first record company in Tampere and it played an important role in the support of Manserock.
In the Late 70's Tampere was know for several
new waveNew Wave is a genre of rock and pop music that emerged in in the middle to late 1970s alongside punk rock. The term at first generally was synonymous with punk rock before being considered a genre in its own right that incorporated aspects of electronic and experimental music, mod subculture, and...
bands although other styles of rock also existed. Bands like
Eppu NormaaliEppu Normaali is one of the most popular bands in Finland. The band was formed in 1976 in the small town of Ylöjärvi, near Tampere.-History:...
,
PopedaPopeda is a Finnish rock band hailing from Tampere and one of the staples of Manserock. Epe Helenius, who signed the band for Poko Rekords in 1977, called the band "Finnish Rolling Stones"...
, and Karanteeni spread the knowledge of Manserock in Finland.
In the 80s many new bands were formed. However some of the older bands continued and increased in popularity. Juice Leskinen, Eppu Normaali, and Popeda even published new recordings in early 2000s.
Sites of interest
The main tourist attraction is the
SärkänniemiSärkänniemi is an adventure park in Tampere, Finland. The park features an aquarium, a planetarium, a children's zoo, an art museum, an observation tower , an amusement park and the world's most northern dolphinarium. Särkänniemi is the most popular amusement park in Finland...
amusement parkAmusement park or theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group of people. An amusement park is more elaborate than a simple city park or playground, usually providing attractions meant to cater...
, which includes a
dolphinariumA dolphinarium is an aquarium for dolphins. The dolphins are usually kept in a large pool, though occasionally they may be kept in pens in the open sea, either for research or for public performances. Some dolphinariums consist of one pool where dolphins perform for the public, others have expanded...
and the landmark
Näsinneula towerNäsinneula is an observation tower in Tampere, Finland, overseeing Lake Näsijärvi. It was built in 1970–1971 and was designed by Pekka Ilveskoski. It is the tallest free-standing structure in Finland and the tallest observation tower in the Nordic countries at a height of 168 metres. The tower...
, topped by a
revolving restaurantA revolving restaurant is a restaurant on a revolving floorplate. The building remains stationary and the diners are carried on the revolving floor. The revolving rate varies between one and three times per hour and enables the visitors of the tower restaurant to enjoy a panoramic view without...
. Other sites of interests are
Tampere CathedralThe Tampere Cathedral is a church in Tampere, Finland and the seat of the Diocese of Tampere. The cathedral was designed by Lars Sonck and built between 1902 and 1907....
, Tampere City Library
Metso ("wood grouse"), Kaleva Church (both designed by Reima Pietilä), the
Tampere HallThe Tampere Hall is the largest concert and congress centre in the Nordic countries, located in the southern edge of Sorsapuisto, in the centre of Tampere, Finland. Opposite of the Tampere Hall is the main building of the University of Tampere, and the Tampere railway station is only half a...
for conferences and the Tampere Market Hall.
Tampere is also home to one of the last museums in the world dedicated to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Lenin moved to Tampere in August 1905 and during a subsequent
BolshevikThe Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903...
conference in the city met
Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953...
for the first time. Lenin eventually fled Tampere (for Sweden) in November 1907 when being pursued by the Russian Okhrana. Lenin would not return to any part of the
Russian EmpireThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia, and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
until ten years later, when he heard the start of the
Russian Revolution of 1917The Russian Revolution is the collective term for the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. In the first revolution of February 1917 the Czar was deposed and replaced by a Provisional government...
.
Pispala is a ridge located between the two lakes,
NäsijärviNäsijärvi is a lake 95 meters above sea level, in southern Finland. Näsijärvi is the biggest lake in the Tampere region. It is 256 km² in size. The city of Tampere was built around the rapids of Tammerkoski, through which the lake drains into Pyhäjärvi...
and
PyhäjärviPyhäjärvi is a lake in southern Finland. Although the name means in modern Finnish "holy lake", it probably meant originally "border lake". Pyhäjärvi is shaped like the letter "C" with the cities of Tampere and Nokia on the northern end, and town of Lempäälä at the southern end.The lake is fed by...
. It used to house the majority of industrial labour in the late 19th and early 20th century, when it was part of Suur-Pirkkala and its follower Pohjois-Pirkkala. It was a free area to be built upon by the working class people working in Tampere factories. It was joined to Tampere in the late 1920s. Currently it is a popular residential area and together with neighbouring Pyynikki it forms an important historical area of Tampere.
There are many museums and galleries, including:
Transport
The
public transportPublic transport comprises passenger transportation services which are available for use by the general public, as opposed to modes for private use such as automobiles or vehicles for hire.Public transport services are usually funded by fares charged to each passenger, with varying levels of subsidy...
network within Tampere consists exclusively of a
busA bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. A bus seats a maximum of 8 to 300 passengers...
network, which is quite popular and qualified by Finnish standards. Between 1948 and 1976 the city also had an extensive
trolleybusA trolleybus is an electric bus that draws its electricity from overhead wires using spring-loaded trolley poles...
network, which was also the largest trolleybus system in Finland. As of 2009 plans are being made for construction a
light railLight rail or light rail transit is a form of urban rail public transportation that generally has a lower capacity and lower speed than heavy rail and metro systems, but higher capacity and higher speed than traditional street-running tram systems...
system in the city to replace some of the most popular bus lines (
see Tampere light rail|}The Tampere light rail system is a proposed rail-based public transport system to be built in Tampere, Finland. Studies on the viability of a light rail system in Tampere has been studied since 2001 as parts of regional plans for public transport alongside heavy rail and bus solutions...
), as well as initiating commuter rail service on the railroad lines connecting Tampere to the neighbouring cities of
NokiaNokia is a town and a municipality on the banks of the Nokianvirta River in the region of Pirkanmaa and the province of Western Finland, some west of Tampere. As of it has a population of .- History :...
and
LempääläLempäälä is a municipality in southwestern Finland with inhabitants . Lempäälä is located south of the city of Tampere. The municipality covers an area of of which is water. The population density is ....
.
Trivia
- The asteroid
thumb|260px|right|[[253 Mathilde]], a [[C-type asteroid]] measuring about across. Photograph taken in 1997 by the [[NEAR Shoemaker]] probe.Asteroids, sometimes called minor planets or planetoids, are small Solar System bodies in orbit around the Sun, especially in the inner Solar System; they are...
1497 Tampere1497 Tampere is a Main-belt Asteroid discovered on September 22, 1938 by Y. Vaisala at Turku.- External links :*...
was named after the city by its discoverer, the Finnish astronomerAn astronomer is a scientist who studies celestial bodies such as planets, stars, and galaxies.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using...
Yrjö VäisäläYrjö Väisälä was a Finnish astronomer and physicist.His main contributions were in the field of optics, but he was also very active in geodetics, astronomy and optical metrology...
.
- The city administration building (not the historic City Hall), has more microwave transmitters than any other city government building in Scandinavia. Eight microwave transmitters are located on the roof in the back of the building, and three transmitters in the front of the building.
Notable persons
For a more complete list, see :Category:People from Tampere.
- Mikko Alatalo
Mikko Tapio Alatalo is a Finnish musician and politician.Alatalo is mostly known for his long and famous musical career. His style is primarily seen as children's music and folk music but he is also active in many other styles...
- James Finlayson
James Finlayson was a Scottish Quaker who, in effect, took the Industrial Revolution to Tampere, Finland.James Finlayson was probably born 1772 in Glasgow, Scotland and became a self-trained engineer. He moved, in 1817, to St...
- Veikko Haukkavaara
Veikko Haukkavaara was a Finnish artist. He is best known for his sculptures welded out of pieces of metal.Veikko Haukkavaara lived most of his life in Tampere.- External links :*...
- Raimo Helminen
Raimo Ilmari Helminen is a Finnish former professional ice hockey player. He is often called "Raipe" or "Maestro" by his fans...
- Kari.J.Järvinen
- Timo Jutila
Timo Jutila is a retired Finnish ice hockey defenceman.Jutila was drafted by Buffalo Sabres in 1982 NHL Entry Draft.-Playing career:...
- Mika Koivuniemi
Mika Juhani Koivuniemi is a Finnish ten-pin bowler, currently on the Professional Bowlers Association tour in the United States, who has won bowling titles in 11 different countries in his career....
- Kiira Korpi
Kiira Linda Katriina Korpi is a Finnish figure skater. She is the 2007 European bronze medalist and the 2008 Finnish National Champion.-Personal life:Kiira Korpi was born in Tampere, Finland...
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Toni Kuivasto Toni Kuivasto is a Finnish footballer who currently plays for Djurgårdens IF in the Swedish Allsvenskan.Kuivasto started his career at home-town club FC Ilves, making his Veikkausliiga debut in 1992. He also played for MyPa and HJK Helsinki in Finland, before moving abroad to play for Viking FK of...
Juice LeskinenJuhani Juice Leskinen , better known as Juice Leskinen , was one of the most prominent Finnish singer-songwriters of the late 20th century...
Jonne Aaron LiimatainenJonne Aaron Liimatainen is a Finnish singer and frontman of Negative...
Väinö LinnaVäinö Linna was one of the most influential Finnish authors of the 20th century. He shot to immediate literary fame with his third novel, Tuntematon sotilas , and consolidated his position with thetrilogy Täällä Pohjantähden alla Väinö Linna (December 20, 1920 – April 21, 1992) was one of the...
Antero ManninenAntero Manninen is a session musician and former band member of Finnish Cello metal quartet Apocalyptica. He was an official member but did not write the music and left in 1999 due to prior commitments, although he has come back to help the band because they are currently short one member.Besides...
Ville NieminenVille Nieminen is a Finnish professional ice hockey forward currently playing for Tappara of the Finnish SM-liiga.-Playing career:...
Teppo NumminenTeppo Kalevi Numminen is a retired Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League.-Playing career:Numminen started his career with his local team, Tappara, in the SM-liiga...
Kalle PäätaloKaarlo Alvar Päätalo was a Finnish novelist, the most popular Finnish writer in the 20th century....
Kari PeitsamoKari Juhani Valdemar Peitsamo is a Finnish musician whose style has changed over the years from acoustic avant-garde pop to electric rock...
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Hannu Salama Hannu Salama is a Finnish author.- Biography and work :Hannu Salama was born in Kouvola, Kymenlaakso region in Southern Finland. He spent his childhood in the Pispala district of the city of Tampere, in a traditional working-class area with working class politics and culture...
Johanna SinisaloAila Johanna Sinisalo is a Finnish science fiction and fantasy writer. She studied comparative literature and drama, amongst other subjects, at the University of Tampere...
Vesa ToskalaVesa Tapani Toskala , is a professional ice hockey goaltender currently with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League. He is a butterfly style goaltender.-Early career:...
Lauri ViitaLauri Viita was a poet hailing from the Pispala district of Tampere, Finland.- Selected works : * Betonimylläri * Kukunor * Moreeni...
Elias ViljanenElias 'E.Vil' Viljanen is a Finnish musician, known for being the guitarist for Sonata Arctica since 2007. Viljanen joined Sonata Arctica in spring 2007 in order to replace Jani Liimatainen, who left the band in August 2007 to fulfill his civil duties in Finland...
Veltto VirtanenPertti Olavi "Veltto" Virtanen is a rock personality, Presidential candidate, and a member of Finnish Parliament from Tampere, Finland....
Hasse WindHans Henrik "Hasse" Wind was a Swedish-speaking Finnish fighter pilot and flying ace in World War II with 75 confirmed air combat victories....
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Twin towns
Tampere is
twinnedSister cities, also known as town twinning, is an agreement between towns, cities and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties...
with 18 cities:
BraşovBraşov is a city in Romania and the capital of Braşov County, with a population of 284,596, according to the 2002 census, is the 8th largest Romanian city....
, RomaniaRomania is a country located in Southeastern and Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Almost all of the Danube Delta is located within its territory...
Chemnitzis the third-largest city of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Chemnitz is an independent city which is not part of any county and seat of the government region Direktionsbezirk Chemnitz...
, GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
EssenEssen is a city in the central part of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Located on the Ruhr River, its population of approximately 579,000 makes it either the 7th- or 8th-largest-city in Germany...
, GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
KaunasKaunas Kaunas Kaunas and Vilnius-Klaipėda (A1)...
, LithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of...
KievKiev or Kyiv , is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300...
, UkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south. The city of Kiev is both the capital and the largest city of...
KlaksvíkKlaksvík is the second largest town of the Faroe Islands.The town is located on Borðoy, which is one of the northernmost islands ....
, Faroe IslandsThe Faroe Islands, sometimes Faeroe Islands, Faroe, or Faeroes are an island group situated between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately halfway between Scotland and Iceland...
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Kópavogur Kópavogur is Iceland's second largest municipality, with a population of 30,180. It lies immediately south of Reykjavík and is part of the Greater Reykjavík Area. The name literally means seal pup bay. The town seal contains the profile of the church Kópavogskirkja with a seal pup underneath...
, IcelandThe Republic of Iceland is a European island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km². Its capital and largest city is Reykjavík, whose surrounding area is home to approximately two thirds of the national population...
LinzLinz is the third-largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria . It is located in the north centre of Austria, approximately 30 km south of the Czech border, on both sides of the river Danube...
, AustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west...
Łódź, PolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe . Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
(since 1996) MiskolcMiskolc is a city in North-East Hungary, mainly with heavy industrial background. With a population close to 180,000 Miskolc is the third-largest city of Hungary It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern...
, HungaryHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk...
, RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
NorrköpingNorrköping [ˈˈnɔrɕøːpɪŋ] is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County...
, SwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe...
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OdenseThe city of Odense is the third largest city in Denmark. The name Odense comes from the Norse god Odin.Odense city has a population of 158,678 and is the main city of the island of Funen...
, DenmarkDenmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries; southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and it is bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea...
OlomoucOlomouc is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic...
, Czech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a country in Central Europe that is sometimes considered to be Eastern European. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west and northwest, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. The capital and largest city is Prague...
SaskatoonSaskatoon is a city located in central Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River. Residents of the city of Saskatoon are called Saskatonians....
, CanadaCanada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
SyracuseSyracuse is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States, and the fifth most populous city in the state. At the 2000 census, the city population was 147,306, and its metropolitan area had a population of 732,117. It is the economic and educational hub of Central New...
, United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
TartuFor the French captain, see Jean-François TartuTartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university....
, EstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russian Federation...
Trondheimis a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The city of Trondheim was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838...
, NorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard under the Spitsbergen Treaty...
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External links