Tambov
Encyclopedia
Tambov is a city and the administrative center of Tambov Oblast
Tambov Oblast
Tambov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Tambov. Population: down from 1,178,443 recorded by the 2002 Census.Tambov Oblast is situated in forest steppe.-Birth rate:...

, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

, located at the confluence
Confluence
Confluence, in geography, describes the meeting of two or more bodies of water.Confluence may also refer to:* Confluence , a property of term rewriting systems...

 of the Tsna
Tsna River (Moksha basin)
Tsna is a river in Tambov Oblast and Ryazan Oblast of Russia, a left tributary of the Moksha River. 451 kilometers in length, it runs through the cities of Tambov and Morshansk....

 and Studenets Rivers 480 kilometres (298.3 mi) southeast of Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...

. Population: 280,457 (2010 Census); 293,658 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...

)); It is served by Tambov Donskoye Airport
Tambov Donskoye Airport
Tambov Donskoye Airport is an airport in Russia located 10 km northeast of Tambov....

 and is also home to Tambov air base
Tambov (air base)
Tambov is an air base in Russia located 4 km southwest of Tambov. It is a bomber training base with many Tupolev Tu-134UBL aircraft. Yefim Gordon's MiG-23/27 book refers to a 652 UAP stationed at Tambov/Vostochnyy flying 96 Aero L-29 Delfin, but Vostochny is Russian for "east", which may refer to...

, as well as a large industrial center.

The name "Tambov" originates from the Moksha language
Moksha language
The Moksha language is a member of the Finno-Volgaic subdivision of the Uralic languages with about 500,000 native speakers. Moksha is the majority language in the western part of Mordovia....

 word томба tomba meaning wetland
Wetland
A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with water either permanently or seasonally. Wetlands are categorised by their characteristic vegetation, which is adapted to these unique soil conditions....

.

History

It was founded by the decree of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich on April 17, 1636 (old style). Originally built as a border fortress against Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group that originally resided in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language...

 Tambov soon declined in importance as military outpost of Muscovy and became an administrative and trade center of largely rural Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

 region.

Roman Boborykin, the emperor's court menial (stolnik) and voivode became the first builder of the town. Thanks to his experience, the fortress construction was finished rapidly. The town was granted city status in 1719.

In 1779, Tambov Vice-Royalty was formed, and on August 16, 1781, Catherine the Great
Catherine II of Russia
Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great , Empress of Russia, was born in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia on as Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg...

 approved the town's coat of arms depicting a beehive
Beehive (beekeeping)
A beehive is an enclosed structure in which some honey bee species of the subgenus Apis live and raise their young. Natural beehives are naturally occurring structures occupied by honeybee colonies, while domesticated honeybees live in man-made beehives, often in an apiary. These man-made...

 symbolizing the town's hardworking residents. In March 1786 the disgraced Russian poet and statesman Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin was appointed the governor of Tambov Governorate
Tambov Governorate
Tambov Governorate was the administrative unit of the Russian Empire, Russian Republic, and later the Russian SFSR with the center in the city of Tambov. The governorate was located between 51°14' and 55°6' of north latitude and between 38°9' and 43°38' east longitude...

—a post he held until December 1788. But even during that short period he managed to do much. The town's development was being carried on: a theater, a college, a dancing school, a printing house, a newspaper, an orchestra, and a brick-yard were built. A monument to Derzhavin was later erected in Tambov.

In November 1830 during the Cholera Riots
Cholera Riots
- Cholera Riots in Russia :The Cholera Riots were the riots of the urban population, peasants and soldiers in Russia in 1830-1831 during the cholera outbreak....

 in Russia the citizens of Tambov attacked their governor, but they were soon suppressed by the regular army.

In the 19th century Tambov grew into a significant cultural center with a number of schools, libraries and institutions established there, and by 1897 more than 50,000 people lived in Tambov.

Between 1920 and 1921, the region around Tambov was the place of the Tambov rebellion
Tambov Rebellion
The Tambov Rebellion which occurred between 1920 and 1921 was one of the largest and best-organized peasant rebellions challenging the Bolshevik regime during the Russian Civil War. The uprising took place in the territories of the modern Tambov Oblast and part of the Voronezh Oblast, less than...

—a bitter struggle between local residents and Bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....

 Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...

. In 1921 there was formed the Tambov Republic that soon was sacked by the Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union was the de facto highest military rank of the Soviet Union. ....

 Mikhail Tukhachevsky
Mikhail Tukhachevsky
Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky was a Marshal of the Soviet Union, commander in chief of the Red Army , and one of the most prominent victims of Joseph Stalin's Great Purge.-Early life:...

 that used the weapons of mass destruction
Weapons of mass destruction
A weapon of mass destruction is a weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans and/or cause great damage to man-made structures , natural structures , or the biosphere in general...

 against the civilian population.

During and after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, most of the Malgré-nous
Malgré-nous
The term Malgré-nous refers to men of the Alsace-Lorraine region who were forcibly conscripted into the German Wehrmacht or in the Waffen SS, during the Second World War....

from Alsace-Moselle
Alsace-Moselle
The territory of the former Alsace-Lorraine, commonly known as Alsace-Moselle, is a region in the eastern part of France, bordering with Germany. Its principal cities are Metz and Strassburg. Alsace-Moselle was part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and again from 1940 until its liberation by...

 were jailed in the "camp N° 188" at Tambov. Between 4,000 and 10,000 French people died in this camp http://www.ihtp.cnrs.fr/cih2gm/grandhomme.html.
In 1991, a 360-meter-tall guyed TV mast was built in the city.

Culture

The Tambov Art Gallery houses a vast collection of canvases by Russian and West-European artists. Russia's oldest drama theater is located in Tambov, as well as two universities, two military colleges, a musical school, a museum of local lore and other cultural institutions.

Transport

Tambov is served by Tambov Donskoye Airport
Tambov Donskoye Airport
Tambov Donskoye Airport is an airport in Russia located 10 km northeast of Tambov....

. The railway station has trains to Moscow, Saratov and Volgograd. Local public transport includes buses and trolleybuses.

Famous people born in Tambov

  • Andrei Kolmogorov, a leading mathematician of the 20th century, the founder of modern theory of probability
  • Sergei Rachmaninoff
    Sergei Rachmaninoff
    Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. Rachmaninoff is widely considered one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer, one of the last great representatives of Romanticism in Russian classical music...

    , composer and pianist
  • Alexander Lodygin
    Alexander Lodygin
    Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin was a Russian electrical engineer and inventor, one of inventors of the Incandescent light bulb....

    , electrical engineer, inventor of incandescent lamp
  • Nikolai Fyodorov
    Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov
    Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov was a Russian Orthodox Christian philosopher, who was part of the Russian cosmism movement and a precursor of transhumanism...

    , religious philosopher, founder of Russian cosmism
    Russian cosmism
    Russian cosmism was a philosophical and cultural movement that emerged in Russia in the early 20th century. It entailed a broad theory of natural philosophy combining elements of religion and ethics with a history and philosophy of the origin, evolution and future existence of the cosmos and...

  • Lev Kuleshov
    Lev Kuleshov
    Lev Vladimirovich Kuleshov was a Soviet filmmaker and film theorist who taught at and helped establish the world's first film school .-Career:...

    , film director and cinema theorist, author of Kuleshov effect
    Kuleshov Effect
    The Kuleshov Effect is a film editing effect demonstrated by Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov in the 1910s and 1920s.-Specifics of the Kuleshov effect:...

  • Anastasia Rodionova, professional tennis player
  • Arina Rodionova
    Arina Rodionova
    Arina Rodionova is a Russian tennis player. The sister of Russian-born Australian tennis player Anastasia Rodionova, she won 2007 Australian Open in girls' doubles, partnering with Evgeniya Rodina. In 2010, Rodionova reached her first WTA Tour doubles final partnering with her sister, at 2010...

    , professional tennis player
  • Yuri Zhirkov
    Yuri Zhirkov
    Yuri Valentinovich Zhirkov is a Russian footballer who plays for Anzhi Makhachkala and the Russian national team.-Early life:Yuri Valentinovich Zhirkov was born in Tambov, on 20 August 1983. His father, Valentin Ivanovich Zhirkov worked at the "Revtrud" factory and his mother was a postwoman. Yuri...

    , professional footballer with Anzhi Makhachkala

Twin towns/sister cities

Tambov is twinned
Town twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...

 with: Bar-le-Duc
Bar-le-Duc
Bar-le-Duc, formerly known as Bar, is a commune in the Meuse département, of which it is the préfecture . The department is in Lorraine in north-eastern France-Geography:...

, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

 Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....

, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

 Terre Haute
Terre Haute, Indiana
Terre Haute is a city and the county seat of Vigo County, Indiana, United States, near the state's western border with Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 60,785 and its metropolitan area had a population of 170,943. The city is the county seat of Vigo County and...

, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...


External links

Tambov news Photos of Tambov
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