Tabebuia is a neotropical
genusIn biology, a genus is a taxonomic unit used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" , cognate with – genos, "race, stock, kin" ..In addition, genus is a taxonomic rank in the hierarchy In biology, a genus (plural:...
of about 100
speciesIn biology, a species is:* a taxonomic rank or* a unit at that rank ....
in the
tribeIn biology, a tribe — or infrafamily — is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.-See also:* Rank * Rank *International Code of Botanical Nomenclature...
Tecomeae of the family
BignoniaceaeThe Bignoniaceae, or Trumpet Creeper Family, is a family of flowering plants comprising of about 650-750 species in 116-120 genera. Members of the family are mostly trees and shrubs, and more rarely lianas and herbaceous plants in 116-120 genera. As shrubs, they are twine climbers or tendril...
. The species range from northern
MexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
and the
AntillesThe Antilles refers to the islands forming the greater part of the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea...
south to northern
ArgentinaArgentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico,...
and central
VenezuelaVenezuela , officially titled Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It is a continental mainland with numerous islands located off its coastline in the Caribbean Sea...
, including the
CaribbeanThe Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts...
islands of
HispaniolaHispaniola is a major island in the Caribbean, comprising Haiti and the Dominican Republic. It is located between the islands of Cuba to the west, and Puerto Rico to the east, directly within the hurricane belt...
(
Dominican RepublicThe Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are occupied by two countries...
,
HaitiHaiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Creole- and French-speaking Caribbean country. Along with the Dominican Republic, it occupies the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago...
) and
CubaThe Republic of Cuba is an island country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. Cuba is home to over 11 million people and is...
. It is also very common in Brazil, where it´s called "Ipê" and it is considered as a brazilian symbol.
Well-known common names include
Ipê,
Poui,
trumpet trees and
pau d'arco.
They are large
shrubA shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall. A large number of plants can be either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s and trees growing to 5 to 50 m (16 to 160 ft.) tall depending on the species; many species are
dry-seasonThe dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the tropics. The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt, which oscillates from the northern to the southern tropics over the course of the year...
deciduousDeciduous means falling off at maturity or tending to fall off and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...
but some are
evergreenIn botany, an evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage for part of the year....
.
Tabebuia is a neotropical
genusIn biology, a genus is a taxonomic unit used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" , cognate with – genos, "race, stock, kin" ..In addition, genus is a taxonomic rank in the hierarchy In biology, a genus (plural:...
of about 100
speciesIn biology, a species is:* a taxonomic rank or* a unit at that rank ....
in the
tribeIn biology, a tribe — or infrafamily — is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.-See also:* Rank * Rank *International Code of Botanical Nomenclature...
Tecomeae of the family
BignoniaceaeThe Bignoniaceae, or Trumpet Creeper Family, is a family of flowering plants comprising of about 650-750 species in 116-120 genera. Members of the family are mostly trees and shrubs, and more rarely lianas and herbaceous plants in 116-120 genera. As shrubs, they are twine climbers or tendril...
. The species range from northern
MexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
and the
AntillesThe Antilles refers to the islands forming the greater part of the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea...
south to northern
ArgentinaArgentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico,...
and central
VenezuelaVenezuela , officially titled Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It is a continental mainland with numerous islands located off its coastline in the Caribbean Sea...
, including the
CaribbeanThe Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts...
islands of
HispaniolaHispaniola is a major island in the Caribbean, comprising Haiti and the Dominican Republic. It is located between the islands of Cuba to the west, and Puerto Rico to the east, directly within the hurricane belt...
(
Dominican RepublicThe Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are occupied by two countries...
,
HaitiHaiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Creole- and French-speaking Caribbean country. Along with the Dominican Republic, it occupies the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago...
) and
CubaThe Republic of Cuba is an island country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. Cuba is home to over 11 million people and is...
. It is also very common in Brazil, where it´s called "Ipê" and it is considered as a brazilian symbol.
Well-known common names include
Ipê,
Poui,
trumpet trees and
pau d'arco.
Description
They are large
shrubA shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall. A large number of plants can be either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s and trees growing to 5 to 50 m (16 to 160 ft.) tall depending on the species; many species are
dry-seasonThe dry season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the tropics. The weather in the tropics is dominated by the tropical rain belt, which oscillates from the northern to the southern tropics over the course of the year...
deciduousDeciduous means falling off at maturity or tending to fall off and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...
but some are
evergreenIn botany, an evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage for part of the year....
. The
leavesIn botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin. There is continued debate about whether the flatness of leaves evolved to expose the chloroplasts to more light or to increase the absorption of carbon dioxide. In...
are opposite pairs, complex or palmately compound with 3–7 leaflets.
Tabebuia is a notable
flowerA flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds...
ing tree. The flowers are 3 to 11 cm (1 to 4 in.) wide and are produced in dense clusters. They present a cupular calyx campanulate to tubular, truncate, bilabiate or 5-lobed. Corolla colors vary between species ranging from white, light pink, yellow, lavender, magenta, or red. The outside texture of the flower tube is either glabrous or pubescent.
The
fruitThe term fruit has different meanings dependent on context, and the term is not synonymous in food preparation and biology. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants disseminate seeds, and the presence of seeds indicates that a structure is most likely a fruit, though not all seeds come from...
is a dehiscent pod, 10 to 50 cm (4 to 20 in.) long, containing numerous—in some species winged—
seedA seed , referred to as a kernel in some plants, is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant...
s. These pods often remain on the tree through dry season until the beginning of the rainy season.
Uses and ecology
Species in this genus are important as
timberTimber may refer to:*Lumber, i.e. wood materials* Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Oregon* Timber , a 1984 arcade game by Bally Midway* An alternative spelling for Timbre...
trees. The wood is used for furniture, decking, and other outdoor uses. It is increasingly popular as a decking material due to its insect resistance and durability. By 2007,
FSCThe Forest Stewardship Council is an international non-profit, multi-stakeholder organization established in 1993 to promote responsible management of the world’s forests. Its main tools for achieving this are standard setting, independent certification and labeling of forest products...
-certified ipê wood had become readily available on the market, although certificates are occasionally forged.
Tabebuia is widely used as
ornamental treeOrnamental plants are typically grown in the flower garden or as house plants. Most commonly they are grown for the display of their flowers. Other common ornamental features include leaves, scent, fruit, stem and bark. In some cases, unusual features may be considered ornamental, such as the...
in the tropics in landscaping gardens, public squares, and boulevards due to its impressive and colorful flowering. Many flowers appear on still leafless stems at the end of the dry season, making the floral display more conspicuous. They are useful as honey plants for
beeBees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, and are known for their role in pollination and for producing honey and beeswax. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila...
s, and are popular with certain
hummingbirdHummingbirds are among the smallest of birds, and include the smallest extant bird species, the Bee Hummingbirds. They can hover in mid-air by rapidly flapping their wings 12-90 times per second . They can also fly backwards, and are the only group of birds able to do so. Their English name derives...
s. Naturalist Madhaviah Krishnan on the other hand once famously took offense at ipé grown in
IndiaIndia, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal...
, where it is not native.
The
barkBark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues outside of the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. It overlays the wood and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark. The inner...
of several species has medical properties. The bark is dried, shredded, and then boiled making a bitter or sour-tasting brownish-colored tea. Tea from the inner bark of Pink Ipê (
T. impetiginosa) is known as
LapachoLapacho or Taheebo is a herbal tea made from the inner bark of Pink Ipê, Tabebuia impetiginosa. It is also sold under more ambiguous and possibly misleading names like "Ipes", "Ipê", "Pau d'arco", "Ipe Roxo", or "Trumpet Bush"....
or Taheebo. Its main active principles are
lapacholLapachol is a natural organic compound isolated from the lapacho tree Chemically, it is a derivative of naphthoquinone, related to vitamin K....
,
quercetinQuercetin quer·ce·tin (ˈkwər-sə-tən) is a plant-derived flavonoid, specifically a flavonol, used as a nutritional supplement. Laboratory studies show it may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties , and it is being investigated for a wide range of potential health benefits...
, and other flavonoids. It is also available in pill form. The herbal remedy is typically used during flu and cold season and for easing
smoker's coughSmoker's cough is a kind of cough seen especially in smokers. Any irritant present in the respiratory system may trigger cough, however, smoker's cough develops as a consequence of phlegm buildup in the trachea.-Cause:...
. It apparently works as expectorant, by promoting the lungs to cough up and free deeply embedded
mucusIn vertebrates, mucus is a slippery secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes and immunoglobulins that serves to protect epithelial cells in the respiratory,...
and contaminants. However, lapachol is rather toxic and therefore a more
topicalIn medicine, a topical medication is applied to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes such as the vagina, anus, throat, eyes and ears....
use e.g. as
antibioticIn common usage, an antibiotic is a substance or compound that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria...
or
pesticideA pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest.A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substance intended for:- preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest....
may be advisable. Other species with significant
folk medicalFolk medicine refers to healing practices and ideas of body physiology and health preservation widely known to much of the population in a culture, transmitted informally as general knowledge, and practiced or applied by anyone in the culture . All cultures and societies have knowledge best...
use are
T. albaTabebuia alba is a tree native to Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. This plant is found in the following states of Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. It is used as a urban tree, and it is...
and Yellow Lapacho (
T. serratifolia).
Tabebuia heteropoda,
T. incana, and other species are occasionally used as an additive to the
entheogenAn entheogen , in the strict sense, is a psychoactive substance used in a religious, shamanic or spiritual context. Historically, entheogens were mostly derived from plant sources and have been used in a variety of traditional religious contexts...
ic drink
AyahuascaAyahuasca is any of various psychoactive infusions or decoctions prepared from the Banisteriopsis spp. vine, usually mixed with the leaves of dimethyltryptamine-containing species of shrubs from the Psychotria genus...
.
Mycosphaerella tabebuiae, a plant pathogenic
sac fungusThe Ascomycota are a Division/Phylum of the kingdom Fungi, and subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the Sac Fungi. They are the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species...
, was first discovered on an ipê tree.
Conservation concerns
The demand for ipê wood has risen dramatically in recent years, especially in the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. By the 1990s, numerous environmental organizations working on preservation of the
Amazon RainforestThe Amazon rainforest , also known as Amazonia, or the Amazon jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America...
reported that about 80% of logging in the
Brazilian AmazonAmazônia Legal is the largest socio-geographic division of the South American nation of Brazil, which contains all of its territory in the Amazon Basin...
was illegal. The Brazilian government has confirmed this figure, most notably in a leaked report from the
Brazilian Intelligence AgencyThe Brazilian Intelligence Agency is the successor organization to the Serviço Nacional de Informações or National Information Service formed during the government of Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco in the mid-1960s....
, in which it was confirmed that five times the amount of wood sanctioned to be cut from legal Amazon concessions was being exported and that numerous staff of the environment agency
IBAMABrazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources is the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment's enforcement agency...
were taking bribes.
In an October 2001 study for
GreenpeaceGreenpeace is a non-governmental organization for the protection and conservation of the environment. Greenpeace uses direct action, lobbying and research to achieve its goals. Greenpeace has a worldwide presence with national and regional offices in 46 countries, which are affiliated to the...
, five companies were reported to be logging illegally for ipê and other hardwoods in the region around
Santarém, ParáSantarém is a city in the state of Pará in Brazil. The Tapajós joins the Amazon River there, and it is a popular location for tourism. It was once home to the Tapajós Indians, a tribe of Native Americans after which the river was named, and the leaders of a large, agricultural chiefdom that...
: Cemex Commercial Madeiras Exportaçao, Madeireira Santarém (Madesa), Industrial Madeireira Curuatinga, Maderieira Rancho da Cabocla, and Estância Alecrim/Milton José Schnorr. The bulk of their illegal timber exports from that region went to The Netherlands and
FranceFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
.
Much of the ipê imported into the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
is used for decking. Starting in the late 1960s, importing companies targeted large
boardwalkA boardwalk, in the conventional sense, is a wooden path for pedestrians and sometimes vehicles. Boardwalks are often found along beaches, but they are also common as paths through wetlands, coastal dunes, and other sensitive environments. Boardwalks along intertidal zones are known as...
projects to sell ipê, beginning with New York City Parks and Recreation ("Parks") which maintains the city's boardwalks, including along the
beachA beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of a body of water. It usually consists of loose particles which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones...
of
Coney IslandConey Island is a peninsula, formerly an island, in southernmost Brooklyn, New York City, USA, with a beach on the Atlantic Ocean. The neighborhood of the same name is a community of 60,000 people in the western part of the peninsula, with Seagate to its west; Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach to...
. The city began using ipê around that time and has since converted the entire
boardwalkA boardwalk, in the conventional sense, is a wooden path for pedestrians and sometimes vehicles. Boardwalks are often found along beaches, but they are also common as paths through wetlands, coastal dunes, and other sensitive environments. Boardwalks along intertidal zones are known as...
—over 10 miles (16 km) long—to ipê. The ipê lasted about 25
yearA year is the amount of time it takes the Earth to make one revolution around the Sun...
s, at which time (1994) Parks has been replacing it with new ipê. Given that ipê trees typically grow in densities of only one or two trees per acre, large areas of forest must be searched to fill orders for boardwalks and, to a lesser extent, homeowner decks.
A 1998 study for Rainforest Relief stated that at one time average yields were 76 board feet ea acre (44 m³/km²) of FEQ (first export quality—FAS four-side-clear) grade ipê over seven feet (2.1 m) in width. Typically, wooden boardwalks are composed of 30,000 to 40,000 board feet (70 to 90 m³) ea city block. For
New York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
's 10 miles (16 km) of boardwalk, this would yield an estimate of 83,360 acres (337 km²) of
AmazonThe Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. The basin is located mainly in Brazil, but also stretches into Peru and several other countries. The South American rain forest of the Amazon is the largest in the world, covering about...
rainforestRainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm . The monsoon trough, alternately known as the intertropical convergence zone, plays a significant role in creating Earth's tropical rain forests.From 40 to 75%...
needed.
In 2008-2009
Wildwood, New JerseyWildwood is a city in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the Ocean City Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city population was 5,436 during the off-season, but it can swell to 250,000 during the summer months.Wildwood was originally...
rebuilt a section of their boardwalk using ipê, the town had pledged to use domestic
black locustRobinia pseudoacacia, commonly known as the Black Locust, is a tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States, but has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia and is considered an invasive...
, but it was not available in time.
Nowadays, ipé wood from cultivated trees supersedes timber extracted from the wild. As noted above, customers should check for legitimacy of certificates.
Notable species
- Tabebuia alba
Tabebuia alba is a tree native to Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. This plant is found in the following states of Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. It is used as a urban tree, and it is...
- Tabebuia anafensis
Tabebuia anafensis is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia arimaoensis
Tabebuia arimaoensis is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia aurea
Tabebuia aurea is a species of Tabebuia native to South America in Suriname, Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, and northern Argentina, thus the common English name Caribbean Trumpet Tree is misleading. It is a small dry season-deciduous tree growing to 8 m tall...
– Caribbean Trumpet Tree
- Tabebuia bilbergii
- Tabebuia bibracteolata
Tabebuia bibracteolata is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia cassinoides
Tabebuia cassinoides is a tree native to Atlantic Forest vegetation in Brazil. It is used as a timber tree to make pencils.-Other Names:Other Scientific Names:Tabebuia cassinoides Schnee
...
- Tabebuia chrysantha
Tabebuia chrysantha , known as cañaguate in northern Colombia, as tajibo in Bolivia, and as ipê-amarelo in Brazil, is a native tree of the intertropical broadleaf deciduous forests of South America above the Tropic of Capricorn...
– Araguaney, Yellow Ipê, tajibo (BoliviaBolivia, officially Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, and Chile and Peru to the west....
), ipê-amarelo (BrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the fifth largest country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the fifth most populous country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean...
), cañaguate (N ColombiaColombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean...
)
- Tabebuia chrysotricha
Tabebuia chrysotricha , commonly known as Golden Trumpet Tree, is an evergreen tree from Brazil. It is very similar to and often confused with Tabebuia ochracea. In Portuguese it is called "Ipê amarelo" and is considered the national tree of Brazil.T...
– Golden Trumpet Tree
- Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose – Gold Tree, "Prima Vera", Cortez blanco (El Salvador
El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated country in Central America. It borders the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras. It lies on the Gulf of Fonseca, as does Nicaragua further south. It has a population of approximately 5.7 million people as of 2009 on...
), San Juan (HondurasHonduras is a republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras...
), palo blanco (GuatemalaGuatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. Its size is just under 110,000 km² with an estimated population...
),duranga (MexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
)
- A native of Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
and Central AmericaManagua
Guatemala City
San Salvador
San Pedro Sula
Panama City
San José, Costa Rica
Santa Ana, El Salvador
León
San Miguel|-|}...
s, considered one of the most colorful of all Central AmericaManagua
Guatemala City
San Salvador
San Pedro Sula
Panama City
San José, Costa Rica
Santa Ana, El Salvador
León
San Miguel|-|}...
n trees. The leaves are deciduousDeciduous means falling off at maturity or tending to fall off and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...
. Masses of golden-yellow flowers cover the crown after the leaves are shed.
- Tabebuia dubia
Tabebuia dubia is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia ecuadorensis
- Tabebuia elongata
Tabebuia elongata is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba.-References:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia furfuracea
Tabebuia furfuracea is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia geminiflora Rizz. & Mattos
- Tabebuia guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl.
- Tabebuia haemantha
- Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo – tajy
- Tabebuia heterophylla – roble prieto
- Tabebuia heteropoda
- Tabebuia hypoleuca
Tabebuia hypoleuca is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia impetiginosa
Tabebuia impetiginosa, Pink Ipê or Pink Lapacho is a native Bignoniaceae tree of America, distributed from northern Mexico south to northern Argentina. It is a common tree in Argentina's northeastern region, as well as in southeastern Bolivia...
– Pink Ipê, Pink Lapacho, ipê-cavatã, ipê-comum, ipê-reto, ipê-rosa, ipê-roxo-damata, pau d'arco-roxo, peúva, piúva (Brazil), lapacho negro (Spanish); not "brazilwoodBrazilwood or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco is a Brazilian timber tree. This plant has a dense, orange-red heartwood that takes a high shine, and it is the premier wood used for making bows for string instruments...
"
- Tabebuia incana
- Tabebuia jackiana
Tabebuia jackiana is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia lapacho
Tabebuia lapacho is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Prado, D. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
– lapacho amarillo
- Tabebuia orinocensis A.H. Gentry
- Tabebuia ochracea
Tabebuia ochracea is a timber tree native to South America, Cerrado and Pantanal vegetation in Brazil. It is very similar and closely related to and often confused with the Golden Trumpet Tree, Tabebuia chrysotricha.There are three subspecies:...
- Tabebuia oligolepis
Tabebuia oligolepis is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia pallida – Cuban Pink Trumpet Tree
- Tabebuia platyantha
Tabebuia platyantha is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Jamaica.-References:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia polymorpha
Tabebuia polymorpha is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia rosea
Tabebuia rosea is a neotropical tree that grows up to and can reach a diameter at breast height of up to . The name Roble de Sabana is widely used in Costa Rica meaning "savannah oak" in Spanish, probably because it often remains in heavily deforested areas, where people prize its intense...
(Bertol.) DC.Augustin Pyramus de Candolle also spelt Augustin Pyrame de Candolle was a botanist. The author abbreviation used in citing plant names he published is "DC."....
(= T. pentaphylla (L.Carl Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature...
) Hemsley) – Pink Poui, Pink Tecoma, apama, apamate, matilisguate
- A popular street tree in tropical cities because of its multi-annular masses of light pink to purple flowers and modest size. The roots are not especially destructive for roads and sidewalks. It is the national tree of El Salvador and the state tree of Cojedes
Estado Cojedes is one of the 23 states into which Venezuela is divided. The state capital is San Carlos.Cojedes State covers a total surface area of 14,800 km² and, in 2007, had an estimated population of 300,300....
, VenezuelaVenezuela , officially titled Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It is a continental mainland with numerous islands located off its coastline in the Caribbean Sea...
- Tabebuia roseo-alba
Tabebuia roseo-alba, known as White Ipê, ipê-branco or lapacho blanco, is a tree native to Cerrado and Pantanal vegetation in Brazil, but also appears in Argentina Tabebuia roseo-alba, known as White Ipê, ipê-branco or lapacho blanco, is a tree native to Cerrado and Pantanal vegetation in Brazil,...
– White Ipê, ipê-branco (Brazil), lapacho blanco
- Tabebuia serratifolia
Yellow Lapacho is a tree native to forests throughout Central and South America. This plant is grows up in the Cerrado vegetation of Brazil, reaching up to Bolivia, Paraguay and Northen Argentina...
– Yellow Lapacho, Yellow Poui, ipê-roxo (Brazil)
- Tabebuia shaferi
Tabebuia shaferi is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia striata
Tabebuia striata is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is found in Colombia and Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Mitré, M. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Tabebuia subtilis Sprague & Sandwith
- Tabebuia umbellata
- Tabebuia vellosoi Toledo
External links