TRPC
Encyclopedia
TRPC is a family of transient receptor potential cation channels
in animals.
TRPC channels form the subfamily of channels in human most closely related to drosophila TRP channels. In terms of structure, this family possesses a number of similar characteristics. At the proximal C-terminus of this sub-family is a TRP box motif containing the invariant EWKFAR sequence and between 3 and 4 ankyrin repeats near the N-terminus. These channels are non-selectively permeable to cations, with a selectivity of calcium over sodium variable among the different members. Many of TRPC channel subunits are able to coassemble.
The predominant TRPC channels in the mammalian brain are the TRPC 4,5 and 1. These TRPC channels are activated the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 using DHPG.
In general, TRPC channels can be activated by phospholipase C
stimulation, with some members also activated by diacylglycerol
. There is one at least one report that TRPC1 is also activated by stretching of the membrane and TRPC5 channels are activated by extracellular reduced thioredoxin
.
It has long been proposed that TRPC channels underlie the store-operated channels (SOC) observed in many cell types. These channels open due to the depletion of intracellular calcium stores. Two other proteins, stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) and the ORAIs, however, have more recently been implicated in this process. STIM1
and TRPC1
can coassemble, complicating the understanding of this phenomenon.
TRPC6 and TRPC4
have been implicated in late onset Alzheimer's disease.
Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of cells by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. They are present in the membranes that surround all biological cells...
in animals.
TRPC channels form the subfamily of channels in human most closely related to drosophila TRP channels. In terms of structure, this family possesses a number of similar characteristics. At the proximal C-terminus of this sub-family is a TRP box motif containing the invariant EWKFAR sequence and between 3 and 4 ankyrin repeats near the N-terminus. These channels are non-selectively permeable to cations, with a selectivity of calcium over sodium variable among the different members. Many of TRPC channel subunits are able to coassemble.
The predominant TRPC channels in the mammalian brain are the TRPC 4,5 and 1. These TRPC channels are activated the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 using DHPG.
In general, TRPC channels can be activated by phospholipase C
Phospholipase C
Phosphoinositide phospholipase C is a family of eukaryotic intracellular enzymes that play an important role in signal transduction processes. In general, this enzyme is denoted as Phospholipase C, although three other families of phospholipase C enzymes have been identified in bacteria and in...
stimulation, with some members also activated by diacylglycerol
Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or a diacylglycerol , is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages....
. There is one at least one report that TRPC1 is also activated by stretching of the membrane and TRPC5 channels are activated by extracellular reduced thioredoxin
Thioredoxin
Thioredoxin is a class of small redox proteins known to be present in all organisms. It plays a role in many important biological processes. In humans, it is encoded by the TXN gene. Loss-of-function mutation of either of the two human thioredoxin genes is lethal at the four-cell stage of the...
.
It has long been proposed that TRPC channels underlie the store-operated channels (SOC) observed in many cell types. These channels open due to the depletion of intracellular calcium stores. Two other proteins, stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) and the ORAIs, however, have more recently been implicated in this process. STIM1
STIM1
Stromal interaction molecule 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STIM1 gene. STIM1 has a single transmembrane domain, and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and to a lesser extent to the plasma membrane....
and TRPC1
TRPC1
Transient receptor potential channel 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPC1 gene.- Function :TRPC1 is an ion channel located on the plasma membrane of numerous human and animal cell types. It is a nonspecific cation channel, which means that both sodium and calcium ions can pass...
can coassemble, complicating the understanding of this phenomenon.
TRPC6 and TRPC4
TRPC4
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4, also known as TRPC4, is a human gene encoding a protein of the same name.-Interactions:TRPC4 has been shown to interact with TRPC1, ITPR1 and TRPC5.-Roles:...
have been implicated in late onset Alzheimer's disease.