A budget deficit occurs when an entity spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. Debt is essentially an accumulated flow of deficits....
The term surplus is used in economics for several related quantities. The consumer surplus is the amount that consumers benefit by being able to purchase a product for a price that is less than they would be willing to pay.... (including producer surplus and consumer surplus), and capital surplus
Capital surplus
Capital surplus is an Accountancy term which frequently appears as a balance sheet item as a component of shareholders' equity. Capital surplus is used to account for any funds the issuing firm has received over and above the par value of the common stock....
an excess of production or supply over demand (see supply and demand
Surplus product is a concept explicitly theorised by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. Notions of "surplus produce" have been used in economic thought and commerce for a long time, but in Das Kapital and the Grundrisse Marx gave the concept a central place in his interpretation of economic history.... or surplus value
Surplus value
File:Surplus-value.jpgSurplus value is a concept created by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy, where its ultimate source is unpaid surplus labor performed by the worker for the capitalism, serving as a basis for capital accumulation#Marxian concept of capital accumulation.... in Marxian economics
Marxian economics
Marxian economics are Economics theories based on the works of Karl Marx. Adherents of Marxian economics, particularly in academia, distinguish it from Marxism as a political ideology, arguing that Marx's approach to understanding the economy is intellectually independent of his advocacy of revolutionary socialism or his belief in the inevita...
physical surplus in the economic theory of Piero Sraffa
Piero Sraffa
Piero Sraffa was an influential Italy economist whose book Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities is taken as founding the Neo-Ricardian school of Economics....
Operating surplus is an accounting concept used in national accounts statistics Operating surplus is a component of value added and [GDP], and in national accounts it is sometimes referred to as "mixed income" although most of it will normally consist of gross profit income.... in national accounts
National accounts
National accounts or national account systems provide a complete and consistent conceptual framework for measuring the economic activity of a nation ....
Materials are substances or components with certain physical properties which are used as inputs to Production, costs, and pricing or manufacturing.... produced by the arms industry
Arms industry
The arms industry is a global industry and business which manufactures and sells weapons and military technology and equipment. Arms producing companies, also referred to as Defence contractor or military industry, produce arms mainly for the armed forces of states.... which is no longer needed
Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies.... surplus, a development stimulus according to cultural anthropology
Cultural anthropology
Cultural anthropology is one of four fields of anthropology as it developed in the United States. It is the branch of anthropology that has developed and promoted "culture" as a meaningful scientific concept, studied cultural variation among humans, and examined the impact of global economic and political processes on local cultural realiti...
Surplus: Terrorized Into Being Consumers is a 2003 Swedish documentary film on consumerism and globalization, created by director Erik Gandini and editor Johan S?derberg.... , a 2003 Swedish documentary film about consumerism
Consumerism
Consumerism is the equation of personal happiness with Consumption and the purchase of material possessions.The term is often associated with criticisms of consumption starting with Thorstein Veblen....
