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Surface supplied diving

 
Surface Supplied Diving

 
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Surface supplied diving
 
 
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Surface supplied diving (also known as Hooka diving) refers to divers using equipment supplied with breathing gas
Breathing gas

Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. Other artificial gases, either pure gases or mixtures of gases, are used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such as Scuba set, surface supplied diving equipment, recompression chambers, submarines, space suits, spacecraft and anaesthetic machines....
 using an umbilical cord
Umbilical cord

In placental mammals, the umbilical cord is the connecting cord from the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord comes from the same zygote as the fetus and normally contains two arteries and one vein , buried within Wharton's jelly....
 from the surface, often from a diving support vessel
Diving support vessel

A diving support vessel is a ship that is used as a floating base for professional diving projects.Commercial Diving Support Vessels emerged during the 1960s and 1970s when the need arose for diving operations to be performed below and around oil production platforms and associated installations in open water in the North Sea and Gulf of Me...
 but possibly, indirectly via a diving chamber
Diving chamber

A diving chamber or submersible chamber has two main functions:* as a simpler form of Submersible to take underwater divings underwater and to provide a temporary base and retrieval system in the depths;...
.






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Surface supplied diving (also known as Hooka diving) refers to divers using equipment supplied with breathing gas
Breathing gas

Air is the most common and only natural breathing gas. Other artificial gases, either pure gases or mixtures of gases, are used in breathing equipment and enclosed habitats such as Scuba set, surface supplied diving equipment, recompression chambers, submarines, space suits, spacecraft and anaesthetic machines....
 using an umbilical cord
Umbilical cord

In placental mammals, the umbilical cord is the connecting cord from the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord comes from the same zygote as the fetus and normally contains two arteries and one vein , buried within Wharton's jelly....
 from the surface, often from a diving support vessel
Diving support vessel

A diving support vessel is a ship that is used as a floating base for professional diving projects.Commercial Diving Support Vessels emerged during the 1960s and 1970s when the need arose for diving operations to be performed below and around oil production platforms and associated installations in open water in the North Sea and Gulf of Me...
 but possibly, indirectly via a diving chamber
Diving chamber

A diving chamber or submersible chamber has two main functions:* as a simpler form of Submersible to take underwater divings underwater and to provide a temporary base and retrieval system in the depths;...
. SCUBA
Scuba set

A scuba set is an independent breathing set that provides a scuba diver with the breathing gas necessary to breathe underwater during scuba diving....
, which is commonly used in recreational diving
Recreational diving

Recreational diving or sport diving is a type of Underwater diving that uses Scuba set for the purpose of leisure and enjoyment. In some diving circles, the term "recreational diving" is used in contradistinction to "technical diving", a more demanding aspect of the sport which requires greater levels of training, experience and equip...
, is the main alternative to surface supplied diving equipment.

Surface supplied diving equipment and techniques are mainly used in professional diving or military diving due to the increased cost and complexity of owning and operating the equipment. This type of equipment is used in saturation diving
Saturation diving

Saturation diving is a diving technique that allows divers to remain at great depth for long periods of time."Saturation" refers to the fact that the diver's tissues have absorbed the maximum partial pressure of gas possible for that depth due to the diver being exposed to breathing gas at that pressure for prolonged periods....
. Divers almost always wear diving helmet
Diving helmet

File:Kask-nurka.jpgDiving helmets are worn mainly by professional diving engaged in surface supplied diving, though many models can be adapted for use with SCUBA equipment....
s or full face diving mask
Full face diving mask

A full-face diving mask is a type of diving mask that seals the whole of the diver's face from the water and contains a mouthpiece or demand valve that provides the diver with breathing gas....
s when being supplied from the surface. Surface supplied divers also use the spherical helmet with brass and glass windows of the historical standard diving dress
Standard diving dress

A standard diving dress consists of a metallic diving helmet, an airline or air hose from a surface supplied diving air diving pump, a canvas diving suit, diving knife and boots....
.

Surface supplied diving equipment usually includes communication capability with the surface, which adds to the efficiency of the working diver. The surface supplied diver is less likely to have "out-of-air" emergencies because when a cylinder supplying the umbilical is exhausted it can be removed and replaced with a full one at the surface.

Surface supplied equipment is required under the US Navy
United States Navy

The United States Navy is the navy of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy currently has approximately 331,682 personnel on active duty as of 31 December 2008 and 124,000 in the United States Navy Reserve....
 operational guidance for diving in harsh contaminated environments
Water pollution

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities, which can be harmful to organisms and plants that live in these water bodies....
 developed by the Navy Experimental Diving Unit
United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit

The United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit is the primary source of Commercial diving#Military and naval diving and Diving chamber operational guidance for the US Navy....
.

See also

  • Diving bell
    Diving bell

    A diving bell, also known as a wet bell, is a cable-suspended airtight chamber, open at the bottom like a moon pool structure, that is lowered underwater to operate as a base or a means of transport for a small number of divers....
  • Diving chamber
    Diving chamber

    A diving chamber or submersible chamber has two main functions:* as a simpler form of Submersible to take underwater divings underwater and to provide a temporary base and retrieval system in the depths;...
  • Diver's pump
    Diver's pump

    A diver's pump is a kind of Pneumatics used to provide divers in standard diving dress with air while they are underwater....
  • Snuba
    Snuba

    Snuba is a trade name for a underwater breathing system. The word Snuba is a portmanteau of "Snorkeling" and "Scuba diving." The swimmer uses swimfins, a Full face diving mask, Buoyancy compensator s, and Scuba set as in scuba diving....


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