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The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR) was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets
Congress of Soviets

The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the Russian SFSR and the Soviet Union in two periods, from 1917 to 1936 and from 1989 to 1991....
, and the only one with the power to pass constitution
Constitution

A constitution is a system for government — often codified as a written document — that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity....
al amendments. It elected the Presidium
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was a Soviet Union government of the Soviet Union body. This body was of the all-Union level , as well as in all Soviet republics ....
, formed the Soviet government, the Supreme Court
Supreme Court of the USSR

The Supreme Court of the USSR was the supreme court of the Soviet Union during its existence. The Supreme Court of the USSR included the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR and other elements which were not typical of Supreme Courts found in other countries, then or now....
, and appointed the Procurator General of the USSR.

From the formation of the USSR (1922) until the approval of the 1936 Soviet Constitution
1936 Soviet Constitution

The 1936 Soviet constitution, adopted on December 5, 1936, and also known as the "Stalin" constitution, redesigned the government of the Soviet Union....
, it was named Central Executive Committee of the USSR (??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? or ??? ????, or, romanized, TsIK SSSR) and functioned until 1938 under this name.






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The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR) was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets
Congress of Soviets

The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the Russian SFSR and the Soviet Union in two periods, from 1917 to 1936 and from 1989 to 1991....
, and the only one with the power to pass constitution
Constitution

A constitution is a system for government — often codified as a written document — that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity....
al amendments. It elected the Presidium
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was a Soviet Union government of the Soviet Union body. This body was of the all-Union level , as well as in all Soviet republics ....
, formed the Soviet government, the Supreme Court
Supreme Court of the USSR

The Supreme Court of the USSR was the supreme court of the Soviet Union during its existence. The Supreme Court of the USSR included the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR and other elements which were not typical of Supreme Courts found in other countries, then or now....
, and appointed the Procurator General of the USSR.

From the formation of the USSR (1922) until the approval of the 1936 Soviet Constitution
1936 Soviet Constitution

The 1936 Soviet constitution, adopted on December 5, 1936, and also known as the "Stalin" constitution, redesigned the government of the Soviet Union....
, it was named Central Executive Committee of the USSR (??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? or ??? ????, or, romanized, TsIK SSSR) and functioned until 1938 under this name. It was made up of two chambers according to the 1924 Soviet Constitution: the Soviet of the Union
Soviet of the Union

Soviet of the Union , was one of the two chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot in accordance with the principles of Soviet democracy, and with the rule that there be one deputy for every 300,000 people ....
 and the Soviet of Nationalities
Soviet of Nationalities

The Soviet of Nationalities , was one of the two chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot in accordance with the principles of Soviet democracy....
. Beside it there were Central Executive Committees in federal republics, such as All-Russian Central Executive Committee (in Russia), Belorussian Central Executive Committee (in Belorussia) and All-Ukranian Central Executive Committee (in Ukraine).

The Supreme Soviet was made up of two chambers, each with equal legislative powers, with members elected for four-year terms:

  • The Soviet of the Union
    Soviet of the Union

    Soviet of the Union , was one of the two chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot in accordance with the principles of Soviet democracy, and with the rule that there be one deputy for every 300,000 people ....
    , elected on the basis of population with one deputy for every 300,000 people in the Soviet federation
  • The Soviet of Nationalities
    Soviet of Nationalities

    The Soviet of Nationalities , was one of the two chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot in accordance with the principles of Soviet democracy....
    , supposed to represent the ethnic populations, with members elected on the basis of 32 deputies from each union republic
    Republics of the Soviet Union

    The Republics of the Soviet Union were, according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other Soviet Republics to become the Soviet Union....
     (excluding the autonomous republics, autonomous oblast
    Oblast

    Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic peoples countries and in some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"....
    s, and autonomous okrug
    Okrug

    Okrug is an administrative division of some Eastern European Slavic peoples states. The word "okrug" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "district", or "region"....
    s in its territory, which would send in separate members), 11 from each autonomous republic
    Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union

    Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union were administrative units created for certain nations. The ASSRs had a status lower than the republics of the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union, but higher than the autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union and the autonomous okrugs of the Soviet Union....
    , five from each autonomous oblast
    Republics of the Soviet Union

    The Republics of the Soviet Union were, according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other Soviet Republics to become the Soviet Union....
     (region), and one from each autonomous okrug
    Autonomous okrugs of Russia

    Autonomous okrug is a type of federal subject of Russia of Russia and simultaneously a type of administrative division of some federal subjects....
     (district). The administrative units of the same type would send in the same number of members regardless of their size or population.


Until Perestroika
Perestroika

is the Russian language term for the political and economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet economy....
 and the partially free elections in 1989, the Supreme Soviet functioned as a rubber stamp
Rubber stamp (politics)

A rubber stamp, as a list of political metaphors, refers to a person or institution with de jure considerable formal power but little de facto power, one that rarely disagrees with more powerful organs....
 to legislation originating from less representative but more powerful bodies, like the Politburo.

In 1989, there were 750 members in each chamber. The Supreme Soviet met regularly twice a year but it could be called into extraordinary session. The Presidium
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was a Soviet Union government of the Soviet Union body. This body was of the all-Union level , as well as in all Soviet republics ....
 carried out the day-to-day operations of the Supreme Soviet when it was not in session.

Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR

This position was held by four people at once.
  • Mikhail Kalinin
    Mikhail Kalinin

    Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin was a Bolshevik revolutionary and the titular head of state of the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1946. Though only four years older than Joseph Stalin, Kalinin was celebrated as Dedushka by the Young Pioneers....
     (December 30, 1922 - January 12, 1938) (office renamed) (concurrently Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR)
  • Grigory Petrovsky
    Grigory Petrovsky

    Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky was a revolutionary of Ukrainians origin, who was the USSR Heads of State of the Soviet Union from December 30, 1922, to January 12, 1938....
     (December 30, 1922 - January 12, 1938) (concurrently Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Ukrainian SSR)
  • Aleksandr Chervyakov
    Aleksandr Chervyakov

    Aleksandr Grigoryevich Chervyakov was one of the founders and eventually became the leader of the Communist Party of Belorussia.He joined the Bolshevik Party in May 1917, and began to gain power quickly....
     (December 30, 1922 - June 16, 1937) (concurrently Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Belorussian SSR)
  • Nariman Narimanov
    Nariman Narimanov

    Nariman Karbalayi Najaf oglu Narimanov was an Azerbaijanis revolutionary, writer, publicist, politician and statesman. In 1920, Narimanov headed the Soviet government of Azerbaijan, the Provisional Military-Revolutionary Committee , replacing Mirza Davud Huseynov, then he was the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars ....
     (December 30, 1922 - March 19, 1925)
  • Gazanfar Musabekov
    Gazanfar Musabekov

    Gazanfar Makhmud-ogly Musabekov or Musabeyov was an Azerbaijanis Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet statesman. He was Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Azerbaijan SSR from 1929 to 1931 and he headed the government of the Transcaucasian SFSR from 1931 to 1936....
     (May 21, 1925 - June 1937)
  • Nedirbay Aytakov (May 21, 1925 - 21 July 1937) (concurrently Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Turkmen SSR)
  • Fayzulla Khodzhayev (May 21, 1925 - June 17, 1937)
  • Nusratullo Maksum (or Nusratullo Lutfullayev) (March 18, 1931 - January 4, 1934) (concurrently Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Tajik SSR)
  • Abdullo Rakhimbayev (4 January 1934 - September 1937)


Chairmen of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1938–1989)

  • Mikhail Kalinin
    Mikhail Kalinin

    Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin was a Bolshevik revolutionary and the titular head of state of the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1946. Though only four years older than Joseph Stalin, Kalinin was celebrated as Dedushka by the Young Pioneers....
     1938–1946
  • Nikolay Shvernik
    Nikolay Shvernik

    Nikolay Mikhailovich Shvernik was the President of the Soviet Union from March 19, 1946 until March 15, 1953. Though the titular head of state Shvernik, in fact, had little power as the real authority lay with Joseph Stalin as General Secretary of the CPSU of the CPSU....
     1946–1953
  • Kliment Voroshilov
    Kliment Voroshilov

    , popularly known as Klim Voroshilov was a Soviet Union Military of the Soviet Union commander and Politics of the Soviet Union.Voroshilov was born in Dnipropetrovsk, near Yekaterinoslav , Ukraine, under the Russian Empire, to a railway worker's family of Russians ethnicity....
     1953–1960
  • Leonid Brezhnev
    Leonid Brezhnev

    Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, serving in that position longer than anyone other than Joseph Stalin....
     1960–1964
  • Anastas Mikoyan
    Anastas Mikoyan

    Anastas Hovhannesi Mikoyan was an Armenian people Old Bolshevik and Soviet Union statesman during the Joseph Stalin and Nikita Khrushchev years....
     1964–1965
  • Nikolay Podgorny 1965–1977
  • Leonid Brezhnev
    Leonid Brezhnev

    Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, serving in that position longer than anyone other than Joseph Stalin....
     (second term) 1977–1982
  • Yuri Andropov
    Yuri Andropov

    Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov was a Soviet Union politician and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 12 November 1982 until his death fifteen months later....
     1983–1984
  • Konstantin Chernenko
    Konstantin Chernenko

    Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko was a Soviet Union politician and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
     1984–1985
  • Andrey Gromyko 1985–1988
  • Mikhail Gorbachev
    Mikhail Gorbachev

    Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a Russian politician. He was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until 1991, and also the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1988 until its collapse in 1991....
     October 1, 1988 – May 25, 1989


Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1989–1991)

  • Mikhail Gorbachev
    Mikhail Gorbachev

    Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev is a Russian politician. He was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until 1991, and also the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1988 until its collapse in 1991....
     May 25, 1989 - March 15, 1990
  • Anatoly Lukyanov
    Anatoly Lukyanov

    Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov is a Russian Communist politician who was the President of the Soviet Union between 15 March 1990 and 22 August 1991....
     March 15, 1990 - August 22, 1991
  • Ivan Laptev
  • + Rafiq Nishonov
    Rafiq Nishonov

    Rafiq Nishonovich Nishonov served as the twelfth First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR.Nishonov held this position for 17 months, from 12 January 1988 to 23 June 1989....
     (acting) August, 1991–1991


Supreme Soviets of the Union Republics

Each republic
Republics of the Soviet Union

The Republics of the Soviet Union were, according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other Soviet Republics to become the Soviet Union....
 of the Soviet Union also had its own Supreme Soviet, a one-chamber legislature functioning along similar lines. The same was the case with the ASSR
ASSR

ASSR may refer to:* Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union* Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, now Armenia * Auditory steady-state response, a steady-state evoked potential...
s. After the dissolution of USSR, each of these bodies became the legislatures of independent countries. The Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR
Congress of Soviets of RSFSR

The Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR , also known as Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR and later Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation was the supreme governing body in Russian SFSR and Russian Federation from 16 May, 1990 to 21 September, 1993....
 and the Congress of Soviets of RSFSR
Congress of Soviets of RSFSR

The Congress of Soviets of the Russian SFSR , also known as Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR and later Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation was the supreme governing body in Russian SFSR and Russian Federation from 16 May, 1990 to 21 September, 1993....
 were the legislature of Russia until being dissolved by military force during the 1993 constitutional crisis
Russian constitutional crisis of 1993

The Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 was a political stand-off between President of Russia and Congress of Soviets of RSFSR that was resolved by using military force....
.

  • Armenian SSR
    Armenian SSR

    The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Armenian SSR for short, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union that made up the former Soviet Union....
    : ???????? ??? ????????? ????????
  • Azerbaijan SSR
    Azerbaijan SSR

    The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Azerbaijan SSR for short, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union that made up the former Soviet Union....
    : ??????j??? ??? ??? ??????
  • Belorussian SSR: ???????? ????? ?????????? ???
  • Estonian SSR
    Estonian SSR

    The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic , often abbreviated as Estonian SSR or ESSR, was puppet state backed by Soviet Union on the territory of Republic of Estonia....
    : Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu
  • Georgian SSR
    Georgian SSR

    The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Georgian SSR for short, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union that made up the former Soviet Union....
    : ???????? ?????
  • Kazakh SSR
    Kazakh SSR

    The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Kazakh SSR for short, was one of Republics of the Soviet Union that made up the Soviet Union....
    : ????? ???-?i? ??????? ?????i
  • Kyrgyz SSR: ?????? ??? ??????? ??????
  • Latvian SSR
    Latvian SSR

    The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Latvian SSR for short, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union that made up the Soviet Union....
    : Latvijas PSR Augstaka Padome
  • Lithuanian SSR
    Lithuanian SSR

    The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Lithuanian SSR for short, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union that made up the former Soviet Union....
    : Lietuvos TSR Aukšciausioji Taryba
  • Moldavian SSR
    Moldavian SSR

    The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic , commonly abbreviated to Moldavian SSR or MSSR, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union....
    : ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????????
  • Russian SFSR
    Russian SFSR

    The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , also called the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, the Russian SFSR and the RSFSR for short, was the largest and most populous of the fifteen Republics of the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union and became the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet Union....
    : ????????? ????? ?????
  • Tajik SSR
    Tajik SSR

    The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Tajik SSR for short, was one of the 15 Republics of the Soviet Union that made up the Soviet Union....
    : ?????? ??? ??? ??????????
  • Turkmen SSR
    Turkmen SSR

    The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Turkmen SSR for short, was one of republics of the Soviet Union in Soviet Central Asia....
    : ???????????????????????????????
  • Ukrainian SSR
    Ukrainian SSR

    The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the founders of the USSR and a republic that made up the former Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 to its abolishment in 1991....
    : ???????? ???? ??????????? ???
  • Uzbek SSR
    Uzbek SSR

    The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Uzbek SSR for short, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union since its creation in 1924....
    : ?????????? ??? ???? ??????


See also

  • Transnistrian Supreme Soviet
    Transnistrian Supreme Soviet

    The Supreme Council of the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic is the parliament of Transnistria. The unicameral legislature consists of 43 seats, all of which are determined by plurality voting system....
  • All-Russian Central Executive Committee
    All-Russian Central Executive Committee

    All-Russian Central Executive Committee , was the highest legislative body in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments....