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Sundanese language
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Sundanese (Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda") is the language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java or about 15% of the Indonesian population.
It is classified within the Austronesian - Malayo-Polynesian - Western Malayo-Polynesian - Sundic language family and has several dialects based on the locations of the people:
Priangan, which cover the most area of Sunda, is the main dialect of Sundanese language taught in elementary till junior-high schools (equivalent to ninth-year school grade).
ently, Sundanese is written in the Latin script and its orthography is highly phonetic (see also Sundanese script).
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Encyclopedia
Sundanese (Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda") is the language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java or about 15% of the Indonesian population.
It is classified within the Austronesian - Malayo-Polynesian - Western Malayo-Polynesian - Sundic language family and has several dialects based on the locations of the people:
Priangan, which cover the most area of Sunda, is the main dialect of Sundanese language taught in elementary till junior-high schools (equivalent to ninth-year school grade).
Phonology
Currently, Sundanese is written in the Latin script and its orthography is highly phonetic (see also Sundanese script). There are five pure vowel sounds: a , é , i (/i/), o , u , and two neutral vowels; e (/?/), and eu . The consonantal phonemes (18 - but see below) are rendered by the letters p, b, t, d, k, g, c (pronounced as ), j, h, ng (which also occurs initially), ny , m, n, s (/s/), w, l, r (trilled or flapped) and y.
Other consonants that originally appear in Indonesian loanwords mostly transferred into main consonants: f -> p, v -> p, sy -> s, sh -> s, z -> j, and kh (/x/) -> h.
Definition of Sundanese Phonology, according to Yayat Sudaryat (1985:26)says:
"Fonologi nyaeta bagean tina elmu basa anu maluruh jeung medar sora-sora basa, prosesna, selang surupna, jeung parobahanana".
There are 16 consonants in Sundanese phonology, according to Yayat Sudaryat (1991,35):
"fonem konsonan (contoid) nya eta sora omongan (fonem) anu kawangun ku hawa anu kaluar tina bayah sarta waktu liwat tikoro aya nu ngahalangan. konsonan nu aya dina basa sunda, nyaeta:
/b/, /ts/, /d/, /g/, /h/, , /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /n/, /t/, /n'/, kuayana pangaruh basa kosta sok kapanggih konsonan /f/, /v/, /z/ mangrupa fomem nu asalna pangaruh basa kosta, saperti dina kecap: fonem, qur'an, xerox, zakat".
Based on the statement above, it is clear that the Sundanese language has only 16 consonants, there are three consonants /f, v, z/ which exist in Sundanese as a result of borrowing words, but naturally they are not Sundanese consonants.
Furthermore, Sudaryat does not mention the phonemes /w, j/ as semi vowels, although as vowels, /w, j/ function as a glide sound between two different vowels, as in the words:
- Kueh - /ku w eh/
- Muih - /mu w ih/
- Bear - /be A ar/
- Miang - Mi j an/
Phonemes /w/ and /j/ function as glide sounds between two different vowels as i the words:
- wa - rung
- wa - yang
- ba - wang
- ha - yang
- ku - ya
Sundanese language is the first language used by the people in Java, including Central Java and East Java.
Basic grammar
Root word
Root verb
| English | Sundanese
(normal) | Sundanese
(polite) |
|---|
| eat .. | dahar .. | tuang ..(for other)
neda ..(for myself) |
| drink .. | inum .. | leueut .. |
| write .. | tulis .. | serat .. |
| read .. | maca .. | maos .. |
| forget .. | poho .. | hilap ..
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| remember .. | inget .. | emut .. |
| sit .. | diuk .. | calik .. |
| stand .. | tangtung .. | adeg .. |
| walk .. | jalan .. | papah .. |
Active form
Most of active form in sundanese verb are in their root verb like 'diuk' or 'dahar'. Some other depend on first phonem in root verb:
- first phonem in 'd' are eliminated and change to prefiks 'nga' like in 'ngadahar'
- first phonem in 'i' are eliminated and change to prefiks 'ng' like in 'nginum'
- first phonem in 'b' are eliminated and change to prefiks 'm' like in 'maca'
Negation
(to be written).
Question
(to be written).
Dupi -(question)
example:
Polite-
- Dupi Bapa aya di bumi? (is your father at home?)
- Dupi bumi di palih mana? (where do you live?)
Passive form
(to be written).
Adjectives
(to be written).
example:
teuas (hard), tiis (cool), hipu (soft), lada (hot, usually for foods), haneut (warm), etc.
Prepositions
Place
| English | Sundanese
(normal) | Sundanese
(polite) |
|---|
| above .. | diluhureun .. | diluhureun .. |
| behind .. | ditukangeun .. | dipengkereun .. |
| under .. | dihandapeun .. | dihandapeun .. |
| inside .. | di jero .. | di lebet .. |
| outside .. | di luar .. | di luar .. |
between ..
and .. | di antara ..
jeung .. | di antawis ..
sareng .. |
| front .. | hareup .. | payun .. |
| back .. | tukang .. | pengker .. |
Time
| English | Sundanese
(normal) | Sundanese
(polite) |
|---|
| before | saacan | sateuacan |
| after | sanggeus | saparantos |
| during | basa | nalika |
| past | baheula | kapungkur |
Miscellaneous
| English | Sundanese
(normal) | Sundanese
(polite) |
|---|
| from | tina | tina |
| for | jang | kanggo |
See also
External links
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