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Summary Execution

 
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A summary execution is a variety of extrajudicial killing in which a person is killed
Capital punishment

Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the killing of a person by procedural law for Punishment#Retribution and Punishment#Incapacitation....
 on the spot without trial
Trial

A trial is, in the most general sense, a test, usually a test to see whether something does or does not meet a given standard.It may refer to:...
. Summary executions are often practiced by police
Police

Police are agents or agencies, usually of the executive , empowered to enforce the law and to ensure public and social order through the legitimized use of force....
, military
Military

A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or Threat of force ....
, and paramilitary
Paramilitary

A paramilitary is a force whose function and organisation are similar to those of a professional military force, but which is not regarded as having the same status....
 organizations and are associated with guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is the Irregular warfare warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile Military tactics to combat a larger and less mobile formal army....
 and counterinsurgency.

According to international law
International law

Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of states and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement....
, summary executions are illegal as it is the denial of the right to life with fair trial.

"Every human being has the inherent right to life.






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A summary execution is a variety of extrajudicial killing in which a person is killed
Capital punishment

Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the killing of a person by procedural law for Punishment#Retribution and Punishment#Incapacitation....
 on the spot without trial
Trial

A trial is, in the most general sense, a test, usually a test to see whether something does or does not meet a given standard.It may refer to:...
. Summary executions are often practiced by police
Police

Police are agents or agencies, usually of the executive , empowered to enforce the law and to ensure public and social order through the legitimized use of force....
, military
Military

A military is an organization authorized by its nation to use force, usually including use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or Threat of force ....
, and paramilitary
Paramilitary

A paramilitary is a force whose function and organisation are similar to those of a professional military force, but which is not regarded as having the same status....
 organizations and are associated with guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is the Irregular warfare warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile Military tactics to combat a larger and less mobile formal army....
 and counterinsurgency.

According to international law
International law

Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of states and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement....
, summary executions are illegal as it is the denial of the right to life with fair trial.

"Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life."(International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations treaty based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, created in 1966 and coming into force on 23 March 1976....
 (ICCPR - 1966, Article 6.1)

"[The Death] penalty can only be carried out pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a competent court" (ICCPR (1966), Article 6.2)

"In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. (ICCPR (1966), Article 14.1)"

Summary executions even during times of war are illegal as the Second Additional Protocol of the Geneva Conventions (1977) states: "No sentence shall be passed and no penalty shall be executed on a person found guilty of an offence except pursuant to a conviction pronounced by a court offering the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality." (Second Protocol of the Geneva Conventions
Geneva Conventions

The Geneva Conventions consist of four treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns....
 (1977) Art 6.2)

Historically, however, (in the early 20th century and earlier) summary execution of pirates, spies
SPY

SPY may refer to:* SPY , ticker symbol for Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts* Spy , a satirical monthly, trademarked all-caps* SPY , airport code for San P?dro, C?te d'Ivoire...
 and franc-tireurs (combatants without uniforms) may in some circumstances have been considered legal under international law or convention as it existed then.

See also

  • Torture
    Torture

    Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is:In addition to state-sponsored torture, individuals or groups may be motivated to inflict torture on others for similar reasons to those of a state; however, the motive for torture can also be for the sadism gratification of the torturer, as was the case in the Moors M...
  • Lynching
    Lynching

    Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment meted out by a mob. It is an enumerated felony in all states of the United States, defined by some codes of law as "Any act of violence inflicted by a mob upon the body of another person which results in the death of the person," with a 'mob' being defined as "the assemblage of two or more persons, with...
  • Extrajudicial punishment
    Extrajudicial punishment

    Extrajudicial punishment is punishment by the state or some other official authority without the permission of a court or legal authority. Agents of a state apparatus often carry out this type of punishment if they come to the conclusion that a person is an imminent threat to the overall security of its political system....
  • Nguy?n Van Lém
  • Summary justice
    Summary justice

    Summary justice refers to the trial and punishment of suspected offenders without recourse to a more formal and protracted trial under the legal system....