Sumbawa

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Sumbawa

Sumbawa is an Indonesia

Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
n island

Island

An island or isle is any piece of land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls are called islets....
, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands

Lesser Sunda Islands

The Nusa Tenggara , or Lesser Sunda Islands, are a group of islands in the middle-south part of Maritime Southeast Asia. Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west they make up the Sunda Islands....
chain, with Lombok

Lombok

Lombok is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It is part of the chain of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the Lombok Strait separating it from Bali to the west and the Alas Strait between it and Sumbawa to the east....
to the west, Flores

Flores

Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km? extending east from the Java island of Indonesia....
to the east, and Sumba

Sumba

Sumba is an island in Indonesia, and is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It has an area of 11,153 km?, and the population was officially at 611,422 in 2005....
further to the southeast. It is in the province of West Nusa Tenggara

West Nusa Tenggara

West Nusa Tenggara is a provinces of Indonesia in south-central Indonesia. It covers the western portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, except for Bali....
.

Sumbawa is 15,448 km² (three times the size of Lombok) with a population of around 1.5 million. It marks the boundary between the islands to the west, which were influenced by religion and culture spreading from India

India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
, and the region to the east that was not so influenced.

principalities in western Sumbawa were dependencies of the Majapahit Empire

Majapahit Empire

Majapahit was an Indianized kingdom based on the island of Java from 1293 to around 1500. Its most succesful ruler was Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 marked the empire's greatest reach of influence when it dominated kingdoms in Maritime Southeast Asia ....
of eastern Java.

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Encyclopedia

Sumbawa is an Indonesia

Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
n island

Island

Lesser Sunda Islands

Lombok

Flores

Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km? extending east from the Java island of Indonesia....
to the east, and Sumba

Sumba

West Nusa Tenggara

India

History

Four principalities in western Sumbawa were dependencies of the Majapahit Empire

Majapahit Empire

Netherlands

The Netherlands is a country that is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands is located in North-West Europe, and bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east....
, Makassar

Makassar

Makassar, is the Provinces of Indonesia capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the largest city on Sulawesi Island. From 1971 to 1999, the city was formally named Ujung Pandang, after a precolonial fort in the city, and the two names are often used interchangeably....
ese. The Dutch first arrived in 1605, but did not effectively rule Sumbawa until the early 20th century. The Bali

Bali

Bali is an Indonesian island located at , the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east. It is one of the country's 33 Provinces of Indonesia with the provincial capital at Denpasar towards the south of the island....
nese kingdom of Gelgel

Gelgel

Gelgel may refer to:*Gelgel, Chad a city in Chad.*Gelgel, Indonesia a village on the island of Bali.*Gelegel a former kingdom based on the island of Bali....
ruled western Sumbawa for a short period as well.

Historical evidence indicates that people on Sumbawa island were known in the East Indies for their honey, horses, sappan wood for producing red dye, and sandalwood used for incense and medications. The area was thought to be highly productive agriculturally.

Administration

Sumbawa is divided into 4 regencies and one kota (city). They are:

West Sumbawa Regency
Sumbawa Regency
Dompu Regency
Bima Regency
Bima
Bima

'Bima' is a city on the eastern coast of the island Sumbawa in central Indonesia's province West Nusa Tenggara. In 2005 the city held an estimated population of 123,064, separate from the adjoining regency of Bima with 407,636 population....
City.

Demographics

Islam

Islam is a Monotheism, Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of the Prophets of Islam Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure....
was introduced via the Makassarese of Sulawesi

Sulawesi

Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands....
.

Sumbawa has historically had two major linguistic groups who spoke languages that were unintelligible to each other. One group centered in the western side of the island speaks Basa Samawa (Indonesian: Bahasa Sumbawa) which is similar to the Sasak language

Sasak language

The Sasak language is spoken by the Sasak ethnic group, which make up the majority of the population of Lombok, Indonesia. It is closely related to the languages of adjacent Bali and Sumbawa....
from Lombok; the second group in the east speaks Nggahi Mbojo (Bahasa Bima). The kingdoms located in Sumbawa Besar

Sumbawa Besar

Sumbawa Besar is one of the most populated towns beside Bima and Dompu in the Indonesian island of Sumbawa. It is the capital city of the island and a part of the province of West Nusa Tenggara....
and Bima were the two focal points of Sumbawa. This division of the island into two parts remains today; Sumbawa Besar

Sumbawa Besar

Bima

'Bima' is a city on the eastern coast of the island Sumbawa in central Indonesia's province West Nusa Tenggara. In 2005 the city held an estimated population of 123,064, separate from the adjoining regency of Bima with 407,636 population....
are the two largest towns on the island, and are the centers of distinct cultural groups that share the island. The official estimate of population as at 2005 was 1,219,590.

Volcanoes

Sumbawa lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire

Pacific Ring of Fire

The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean. In a 40,000 km horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and/or plate movements....
. It is a volcanic

Volcano

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or Crust , which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface....
island, including Mount Tambora

Mount Tambora

Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, on Sumbawa island, Indonesia. Sumbawa is flanked both to the north and south by oceanic crust, and Tambora was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it....
(8°14’41”S, 117°59’35”E) which exploded in 1815, the most destructive volcanic eruption in modern history (roughly four times larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa

Krakatoa

Krakatoa , also spelled Krakatao, is a Island#Oceanic islands in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The name is used for the island group, the main island , and the volcano as a whole....
, between Java and Sumatra

Sumatra

Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the list of islands by area in the world ....
, in terms of volume of magma ejected). The eruption killed as many as 72,000. It also apparently destroyed a small culture of Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India and north of Australia....
n affinity, known to archaeologists as the Tamboran kingdom. It launched 100 cubic kilometers of ash into the upper atmosphere, which caused 1816 to be the "year without a summer

Year Without a Summer

The Year Without a Summer was 1816, in which severe summer climate abnormalities destroyed crops in Northern Europe, the Northeastern United States and eastern Canada....
."

Island use

The Western half of Sumbawa is used by Newmont Mining Corporation as a mine with high sources in gold

Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal, having been used as money, as a store of value, in jewelry, in sculpture, and for ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history....
and copper

Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29.It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity....
.