Subotica (
SerbianSerbian is a South Slavic language, spoken chiefly in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and in the Serbian diaspora...
: Суботица,
Subotica, ,
HungarianHungarian is a Uralic language unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries...
:
Szabadka) is a city and municipality in northern
SerbiaSerbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country located in both Central and Southeastern Europe. Its territory covers the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and central part of the Balkans...
, in the Autonomous Province of
VojvodinaThe Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province in Serbia, containing about 27% of its total population according to the 2002 Census. It is located in the northern part of the country, in the Pannonian plain of Central Europe...
. It is located at 46.07° North, 19.68° East, about 10 km from the border with
HungaryHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
.
Once the second largest city in Serbia (1919), contemporary Subotica is the second largest city of the
VojvodinaThe Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province in Serbia, containing about 27% of its total population according to the 2002 Census. It is located in the northern part of the country, in the Pannonian plain of Central Europe...
region following
Novi SadNovi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city lies in the southern part of Central Europe's Pannonian Plain, on both banks of the Danube river.Novi Sad is Serbia's second largest city, after Belgrade...
. Among the most multiethnic cities in Serbia with a relative
HungarianHungarian may refer to:* Hungary, a country in Central Europe* Kingdom of Hungary, state of Hungary, existing from 1000 to 1946* Hungarian people, the ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary...
majority, the city's population numbers 99,981 (according to the 2002 census). Likewise, today it is
SerbiaSerbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country located in both Central and Southeastern Europe. Its territory covers the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and central part of the Balkans...
's fifth largest city, with the municipality of Subotica numbering 148,401 people. It is the administrative centre of the
North Bačka DistrictNorth Bačka District is a northern district of Serbia. It lies in the Bačka region in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It has a population of 200,140...
.
Name
There have been almost two hundred different forms of the name Subotica in history. This is because the city has welcomed so many different peoples since the
Middle AgesThe Middle Ages of European history is a period of European history covering roughly a millennium in the 5th century through 16th centuries. More specific starting and ending points are sometimes adopted by scholars to suit their respective specializations or current focus...
. They all wrote about it, naming it in their own languages, which, for the most part, did not fix their spelling until modern times.
The earliest known written record of Subotica is
Zabadka, which dates from 1391. This is a variant of the current
HungarianHungarian is a Uralic language unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries...
name for the city:
Szabadka. However, in its present spelling, it appeared for the first time relatively late (1679). The Hungarian name for the city derives from the adjective
szabad meaning "free", and the suffix
-ka, an affectionate diminutive. Subotica's earliest designation means, therefore, something like a "small" or "dear", "free place".
The city was renamed in the 1740s for
Maria Theresa of Austria
, Archduchess of Austria and Queen of
BohemiaBohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Czech Republic...
and Hungary. The town was officially called
Szent-Maria in 1743, but was renamed in 1779 as
Maria-Theresiapolis. These two official names were also spelled in several different ways (most commonly the
GermanGerman is a West Germanic language, thus related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. It is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. Around the world, German is spoken by approximately 105 million native speakers and also by...
Maria-Theresiopel or
Theresiopel), and were used in different languages. This name was abandoned in 1811 (with the
Danube SwabiansThe Danube Swabians is a collective term for Germans who lived in the former Kingdom of Hungary, especially in the Danube River valley. Because of differential development within the territory settled, the Danube Swabians cannot be seen as a unified people...
now referring to it mostly as
Subotica, and pronouncing it
Suboditsa). However a late-19th Century Imperial Land Survey map of the area (Reymann 1:75000 #5563) still shows it as Maria-Theresiopel.
The name
Subotica derives from the
SerbianSerbian is a South Slavic language, spoken chiefly in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and in the Serbian diaspora...
word for "Saturday" or "Sabbath" and first appeared in 1653. The Serbian and Croatian word for "Saturday" is
subota (субота), thus the name
Subotica means "a little Saturday". Another theory claims that city was named after Subota Vrlić, who was a palatine and treasurer of
Emperor Jovan NenadEmperor Jovan Nenad was a leader of Serb mercenaries in the Kingdom of Hungary who took advantage of a struggle over the Hungarian throne to create his own state and crowned himself emperor...
in the 16th century.
The city's name in the other three official languages of Vojvodina are the same as the official name -
SlovakThe Slovak language , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages ....
:
Subotica,
RusynPannonian Rusyn or simply Rusyn is a Slavic language or dialect spoken in north-western Serbia and eastern Croatia . It is similar to West Slavic languages, , but has Eastern Slavic phonetics and vocabulary...
: Суботица,
RomanianRomanian or Daco-Romanian is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova. It has official status in Romania, Republic of Moldova, and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia...
:
Subotica or
Subotiţa.
Ancient
A
NeolithicThe Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BCE in the Middle East that is traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age...
Tizsapolgar-Bodrogkerezstur culture
necropolisA necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground, usually including structural tombs. The word comes from the Greek νεκρόπολις - nekropolis, meaning "city of the dead"...
was found in Subotica.
The Middle Ages and the struggle with the Ottoman Empire
Subotica probably first became a settlement of note when people poured into it from nearby villages destroyed during the
Tatar invasionsThe Mongol invasion of Europe from the east took place over the course of three centuries, from the Middle Ages to the early modern period.The terms Tatars or Tartars are applied to nomadic Turkic peoples who, themselves, were conquered by Mongols and incorporated into their horde...
of 1241-1242. When
Zabadka was first recorded in 1391, Subotica was a tiny town in the middle of the medieval
Kingdom of HungaryThe Kingdom of Hungary , emerged in 1000, when the Principality of Hungary, founded in 896, was recognized as a Kingdom. The form of government was changed from Monarchy to Republic briefly in 1918 and again in 1946, ending the Kingdom and creating the Republic of Hungary...
. Later, the city belonged to the
HunyadiHunyadi is a Hungarian noble family of either Wallachian or Cuman origin.Their Vlach ancestry is the subject of much heated debate but two contemporary authors have made this claim. Both authors suggest the Hunyadi family descended from Vlachs who converted to Catholicism...
s, one of the most influential aristocratic families in the whole of
Central EuropeCentral Europe is the region lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. The term and widespread interest in the region itself came back into fashion after the end of the Cold War, which, along with the Iron Curtain, had divided Europe politically into East and West,...
.
King
Matthias Corvinus of HungaryMatthias I was King of Hungary and also King of Bohemia...
gave the town to one of his relatives, János Pongrác Dengelegi, who, fearing an invasion by the
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299 to November 1, 1922 The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِیَّهِ عُثْمَانِیَّه Dawlet-il ʿAliyyat-il ʿOs̠māniyye, Modern Turkish:...
fortified the castle of Subotica, erecting a fortress in 1470. Some decades later, after the
Battle of MohácsThe Battle of Mohács was fought on August 29, 1526 near Mohács, Hungary. In the battle, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia were defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.The Ottoman victory led to the partition of...
in 1526, the medieval Kingdom of Hungary collapsed and Subotica gradually became a frontier town of the
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299 to November 1, 1922 The Ottoman Empire or Ottoman State (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِیَّهِ عُثْمَانِیَّه Dawlet-il ʿAliyyat-il ʿOs̠māniyye, Modern Turkish:...
. The majority of the Hungarian population fled northward to
Royal HungaryRoyal Hungary was the name of medieval Kingdom of Hungary where the Habsburgs were recognized as Kings of Hungary in the wake of the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Mohács and subsequent partition of the country....
.
Bálint TörökCount Bálint Török de Enying was a Hungarian aristocrat, Ban of Nándorfehérvár , and between 1527-1542 the Lord of Csesznek.-Sources:*Bessenyei József: A Héttorony foglya* Magyarország történeti kronológiája Count Bálint Török de Enying (1502–1551) was a Hungarian aristocrat, Ban of Nándorfehérvár...
, a local noble who had ruled over Subotica, also escaped from the city.
In the extremely confused military and political situation following the defeat at
MohácsMohács is a town in Baranya county, Hungary on the right bank of the Danube, 115 miles south of Budapest.-History:Two famous battles took place there:# Battle of Mohács, 1526# Battle of Mohács, 1687...
, Subotica came under the control of Serbian mercenaries recruited in
BanatThe Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in Romania , the western part in Serbia , and a...
. These soldiers were in the service of the
TransylvaniaTransylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term frequently encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
n general
John I ZápolyaJános Szapolyai or János Zápolya was King of Hungary from 1526 to 1540. His rule was disputed by Archduke Ferdinand I, who also claimed the title King of Hungary between 1526 and 1540. He was the voivode of Transylvania before his coronation.-Biography:He was born at Spiš Castle...
, a later Hungarian king. The leader of these mercenaries,
Jovan Nenad the BlackEmperor Jovan Nenad was a leader of Serb mercenaries in the Kingdom of Hungary who took advantage of a struggle over the Hungarian throne to create his own state and crowned himself emperor...
, proclaimed himself tsar and founded an ephemeral independent state, with Subotica as its capital. This state comprised entire
BačkaBačka is an area of the Pannonian plain lying between the rivers Danube and Tisa...
, northern
BanatThe Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in Romania , the western part in Serbia , and a...
and a small part of
SremSyrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
. When Bálint Török returned with 300 soldier and captured Subotica from the Serbs, Jovan Nenad moved his capital to
SzegedSzeged is the fourth largest city of Hungary, the regional centre of South-Eastern Hungary and the capital of the county of Csongrád.- Name :...
. Some months later, in the summer of 1527, the self-proclaimed tsar was assassinated and his state collapsed.
The Ottoman Turks ruled the city from 1542 to 1686. At the end of this almost 150 year long period, not much remained of the old town of
Zabadka. Because much of the population had fled, the Turks encouraged the settlement of the area by different colonists from the
BalkansThe Balkans is a geopolitical and cultural region of southeastern Europe...
. The settlers were mostly Orthodox
SerbsSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
. They cultivated the extremely fertile land around Subotica. In 1570, the population of Subotica numbered 49 houses, and in 1590, 63 houses. In 1687, the region was settled by Catholic
DalmatasDalmatia , is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and is situated in modern Croatia. It spreads between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor, in Montenegro, in the southeast...
(called
BunjevciBunjevci are a Slavic people originating from the Dinaric Alps region , and today living mostly in the Bačka region Vojvodina situated in northern Serbia and...
today). It was called "Sobotka" during Ottoman rule and was a kaza centre in
SegedinSzeged is the fourth largest city of Hungary, the regional centre of South-Eastern Hungary and the capital of the county of Csongrád.- Name :...
sanjak at first in
Budin EyaletiBudin Province was the firstly set up and most important administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire on the territories of the occupied part of...
till 1596, after in
Eğri EyaletiEgir Province was an administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire formed in 1596. It included parts of present-day Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, and Serbia...
between 1596-1686.
Wars for Independence and Revolutions
After the decisive battle against the Turks at
SentaSenta is a town and municipality on the bank of the Tisa river in the Vojvodina province, Serbia. Although geographically located in Bačka, it is part of the North Banat District...
(Zenta) led by
Prince Eugene of SavoyFrançois-Eugène, Prince of Savoy-Carignan , was one of the most prominent and successful military commanders in European history. Born in Paris to aristocratic Savoyard parents, Eugene grew up around the French court of King Louis XIV. He was initially prepared for a career in the church, but by...
on 11 September 1697, Subotica became part of the
military borderThe Military Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Austria and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against Turkish incursions from the Ottoman Empire...
zone
TisaPotisje is the name of the Tisa river basin parts located in Serbia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The river Tisa flow between Banat and Bačka regions.-Municipalities in Potisje:Municipalities in Bačka:*Kanjiža*Senta*Ada*Bečej...
-
MureşPomorišje is a historical geographical region on the banks of the river Mureş that in the past has had a large ethnic Serb population. Even today, a Serbian minority is present here.-Geography:...
established by the
Habsburg MonarchyThe Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The capital was mainly Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when the capital was Prague...
. In the meantime the uprising of
Francis II RákócziFerenc II Rákóczi Hungarian aristocrat, he was the leader of the Hungarian uprising against the Habsburgs in 1703-11 as the prince of the Estates Confederated for Liberty of the Kingdom of Hungary. He was also Prince of Transylvania, an Imperial Prince, and a member of the Order of the Golden...
broke out, which is also known as the Kuruc War. In the region of Subotica, Rákóczi joined battle against the
Rac----Raci was a name used to designate Serbs, or sometimes, in a wider perspective, all South Slavs, in the Middle Ages and the early modern times. The name was primary used by Hungarians and Germans and it derived from the name of medieval Serbian principality – Raška...
National Militia.
Rác was a designation for the South Slavic people (mostly Serbs and Bunjevci) and they often were referred to as
rácok in Hungary. In a later period
rácok came to mean, above all, Serbs of Orthodox religion.
The Serbian military families enjoyed several privileges thanks to their service for the Habsburg Monarchy. Subotica gradually, however, developed from being a mere garrison town to becoming a market town with its own civil charter in 1743. When this happened, many Serbs complained about the loss of their privileges. The majority left the town in protest and some of them founded a new settlement just outside 18th century Subotica in
AleksandrovoAleksandrovo is a neighborhood of Subotica, Serbia.-Name:It is most commonly known as Aleksandrovo or Šandor , but it is also known as Novo Naselje...
, while others emigrated to
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. In
New SerbiaNew Serbia was a territory of Imperial Russia from 1752 to 1764. It was located in the territory of present-day Kirovohrad Oblast of Ukraine...
, a new Russian province established for them, those Serbs founded a new settlement and also named it
Subotica. In 1775 a Jewish community in Subotica was established.
It was perhaps to emphasise the new civic serenity of Subotica that the pious name
Saint Mary came to be used for it at this time. Some decades later, in 1779, Empress
Maria Theresa of Austria
advanced the town's status further by proclaiming it a Free Royal Town. The enthusiastic inhabitants of the city renamed Subotica once more as
Maria-Theresiopolis.
This Free Royal Town status gave a great impetus to the development of the city. During the 19th century its population doubled twice, attracting many people from all over the
Habsburg MonarchyThe Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The capital was mainly Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when the capital was Prague...
. This led eventually to a considerable demographic change. In the first half of the 19th century, the Bunjevci had still been in the majority, but there was an increasing number of Hungarians and Jews settling in Subotica. This process was not stopped even by the outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution in 1848/49.
It is remarkable that despite the diversity of their ethnic origins, the citizens of Subotica (mainly Bunjevci and Hungarians) united in defending Subotica in the battle at Kaponya, March 5 1849. They repulsed the advancing Serbian troops from
SomborSombor is a city and municipality located in Serbia at . The city has a total population of 51,471 , while the Sombor municipality has 97,263 inhabitants...
in the direction to
SzegedSzeged is the fourth largest city of Hungary, the regional centre of South-Eastern Hungary and the capital of the county of Csongrád.- Name :...
. The town's first newspaper was also a result of the 1848/49
revolutionaryThe Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many revolutions that year and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. The revolution in Hungary grew into a war for independence from Habsburg rule....
spirit. It was called
Honunk állapota ("State of Our Homeland") and was published in Hungarian by Károly Bitterman's local printing company.
Following the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution, Hungary was administered by
Baron Alexander von BachBaron Alexander von Bach was an Austrian politician...
from 1849–1860. During this time, Subotica, together with the entire Bačka region, was separated from the Habsburg Hungary and become a part of a separate Austrian province, named Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat. The administrative centre of this new province was not Subotica, but
TimişoaraTimişoara , also known as "The City of Athletes", is a city in the Banat region of western Romania...
.
From the Golden Age until after the World Wars
After the establishment of the
Dual-MonarchyThe Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 established the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, formerly the Habsburg Empire. Signed by Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria and a Hungarian delegation led by Ferenc Deák, the Compromise established the framework of the new government in which the Cisleithanian...
in 1867, there followed what is often called the "golden age" of Subotica. The city had already acquired its impressive theatre in 1853, and many schools were opened after 1867. In 1869 the railway connected the city to the world. In 1896 an electrical power plant was built, further enhancing the development of the city and the whole region. Subotica now adorned itself with its remarkable Central European,
fin de siècleFin de siècle is French for "end of the century". The term sometimes encompasses both the closing and onset of an era, as it was felt to be a period of degeneration, but at the same time a period of hope for a new beginning....
architecture. In 1902 a Jewish synagogue was built in the
Art NouveauArt Nouveau is an international movement and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that peaked in popularity at the turn of the 20th century . The name 'Art nouveau' is French for 'new art'...
style.
Subotica belonged to the
Austria-HungaryAustria–Hungary, also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the k.u.k. Monarchy, or Dual State, was a monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in Central Europe...
until the aftermath of
World War IWorld War I , also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Wars, was a global military conflict which involved most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance...
in 1918, when the city became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Separated from the economic and cultural mainstream, it had to content itself with being a border-town in
YugoslaviaYugoslavia is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century.The first country to be known by this...
. Subotica did not, for a time, experience again the dynamic prosperity it enjoyed in the years preceding World War I. However, at that time, Subotica was the third largest city in Yugoslavia by population, following
BelgradeBelgrade Belgrade Belgrade (Serbian Cyrillic: Београд, Serbian Latin: Beograd (meaning "White City" in Serbian) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies on two international waterways, at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where Central Europe's Pannonian Plain meets...
and
ZagrebZagreb is the capital and the largest city of Croatia. Zagreb is the cultural, scientific, economic and governmental center of Croatia, and a global city. According to the city government, the population of Zagreb in 2008 was 804,200...
.
In 1941, Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the
Axis PowersThe Axis powers comprised the countries that were opposed to the Allies during World War II. The three major Axis powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—were part of a military alliance on the signing of the Tripartite Pact in September 1940, which officially founded the Axis powers...
, and its northern parts, including Subotica, were annexed to Hungary. During
World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the city lost 7,000 of its citizens, mostly Serbs, Hungarians and Jews. Hungarian troops entered Subotica on April 11, 1941. During the war, Axis occupation troops killed numerous civilians. Before the war 6,000 Jews lived in Subotica. Many Jews were deported from the city during the Holocaust, mostly to Auschwitz. In April 1944 a ghetto was set up. Also, many communists were put to death during Axis rule.
In 1944, the Axis forces left from the city, and Subotica became part of the new socialist
YugoslaviaYugoslavia is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century.The first country to be known by this...
. During the 1944-45 period about 2,000 citizens (mainly Hungarian) were murdered by Serbian partisans.
In the post-war period Subotica has gradually modernised itself. During the
YugoslavThe Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts fought in former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the 1990s and 2001...
and
KosovoThe term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo:#Early 1998–1999: War between Yugoslav police forces, Yugoslav paramilitaries, and the Kosovo Albanian insurgents....
wars of the 1990s, a considerable number of Serb refugees came to the city from
CroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a country in southeast Europe, at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is Zagreb...
,
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( or (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin: Bosna i Hercegovina; Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина) is a country in Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula...
, and
KosovoKosovo is a disputed territory in the Balkans. Its majority is governed by the partially-recognised Republic of Kosovo , a self-declared independent state which has de facto control over the territory; the exceptions are some Serb enclaves...
, whilst many ethnic Hungarians and Croats left the country because of the political pressures of the Milošević period and rise of Serbian nationalism (Some of the ethnic Serb residents also left the country because of the same reasons). During the break-up of Yugoslavia, local leaders in Subotica were drawn from political parties opposed to the policy of the central government in Belgrade.
Inhabited places
The Subotica municipality comprises the Subotica city, the town of
PalićPalić is a town in Serbia, 8 km away from Subotica, and 18 km away from the border between Serbia and Hungary. It is a part of the Subotica Municipality, North Bačka District, autonomous province of Vojvodina. The town has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 7,745 people...
and 17 villages. The villages are:
- Bajmok
Bajmok is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
- Bački Vinogradi
Bački Vinogradi is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,039 people .-External links:*...
- Bačko Dušanovo
Bačko Dušanovo is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province...
- Bikovo
Bikovo is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
- Višnjevac
Višnjevac is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
- Gornji Tavankut
Gornji Tavankut is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
- Donji Tavankut
Donji Tavankut is a village located some 16 km west of Subotica, Serbia...
- Đurđin
- Kelebija
Kelebija is a village close to Subotica in Serbia. It is situated in the municipality of Subotica, North Bačka District, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,168 people...
- Ljutovo
Ljutovo is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
- Mala Bosna
Mala Bosna is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbering 1,245 people...
- Mišićevo
Mišićevo is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
- Novi Žednik
Novi Žednik is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
- Stari Žednik
Stari Žednik , also known as Žednik , is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
- Hajdukovo
Hajdukovo is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,482 people...
- Čantavir
Čantavir is the largest village with Hungarian ethnic majority in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the municipality of Subotica, North Bačka District. The population of the village is 7,178...
- Šupljak
Šupljak is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,310 people .-See also:...
City quarters
- Prozivka
Prozivka is a city quarter of Subotica, a city in northern Serbia. It has a population of 9,314.-Geography:Prozivka is situated in the southern part of Subotica. Its southern border stretches from the Ivana Milutinovića along the railway Pačir , to Braće Radić street...
- Ker
- Centar 1
- Dudova Šuma (Radijalac)
- Železničko Naselje
- Novo Naselje
- Srpski Šor
- Zorka
- Kertvaroš
- Teslino Naselje
- Aleksandrovo
Aleksandrovo is a neighborhood of Subotica, Serbia.-Name:It is most commonly known as Aleksandrovo or Šandor , but it is also known as Novo Naselje...
- Mali Bajmok
- Gat
- Graničar
- Centar 3 (Tokio)
- Bajnat
Demographics
Ethnic groups in the municipality
Subotica is a multiethnic city and municipality. The population of the Subotica municipality is composed of (according to 2002 census):
- Hungarians = 57,092 (38.47%)
- Serbs
Serbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
= 37,686 (25.39%)
- Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
= 16,688 (11.24%)
- Bunjevci
Bunjevci are a Slavic people originating from the Dinaric Alps region , and today living mostly in the Bačka region Vojvodina situated in northern Serbia and...
= 16,254 (10.95%)
- Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
= 8,562 (5.76%)
- others
Ethnic groups in the city
The population of the Subotica city is composed of (according to 2002 census):
- Hungarians = 34,983 (34.99%)
- Serbs = 27,838 (27.85%)
- Bunjevci = 10,870 (10.87%)
- Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
= 10,424 (10.43%)
- Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs Yugoslavs Yugoslavs (Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Jugoslaveni/Jugosloveni/Jugoslovani,
[Latin script was used in Serbo-Croat, and Slovene languages. Identical spelling is used in the Serbian and Macedonian Cyrillic script (Serbian variant)...]
= 6,787 (6.79%)
- Roma = 1,171 (1.17%)
- others
The city serves as the cultural and political centre for the Hungarians, Bunjevci, and Croats in Vojvodina. The largest percent of declared Yugoslavs in Vojvodina is also found in Subotica.
Settlements by ethnic majority
The places with a Hungarian absolute or relative ethnic majority are: Subotica (Hungarian: Szabadka),
PalićPalić is a town in Serbia, 8 km away from Subotica, and 18 km away from the border between Serbia and Hungary. It is a part of the Subotica Municipality, North Bačka District, autonomous province of Vojvodina. The town has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 7,745 people...
(Hungarian: Palicsfürdő),
HajdukovoHajdukovo is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,482 people...
(Hungarian: Hajdújárás),
Bački VinogradiBački Vinogradi is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,039 people .-External links:*...
(Hungarian: Bácsszőlős),
ŠupljakŠupljak is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 1,310 people .-See also:...
(Hungarian: Alsóludas),
ČantavirČantavir is the largest village with Hungarian ethnic majority in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the municipality of Subotica, North Bačka District. The population of the village is 7,178...
(Hungarian: Csantavér),
Bačko DušanovoBačko Dušanovo is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province...
(Hungarian: Zentaörs), and
KelebijaKelebija is a village close to Subotica in Serbia. It is situated in the municipality of Subotica, North Bačka District, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,168 people...
(Hungarian: Alsókelebia).
The places with a
SerbSerbs are a South Slavic people living in the Central Europe and the Balkans , between the Balkan- and Carpathian mountains in the east and the Adriatic sea in the west. They are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia...
absolute or relative ethnic majority are:
BajmokBajmok is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
,
VišnjevacVišnjevac is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
,
Novi ŽednikNovi Žednik is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
, and
MišićevoMišićevo is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
.
The places with a
BunjevacBunjevci are a Slavic people originating from the Dinaric Alps region , and today living mostly in the Bačka region Vojvodina situated in northern Serbia and...
and
CroatCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 5 million Croats living in the southern Central Europe region, along the east bank of the Adriatic Sea and an estimated 9 million throughout the world...
ethnic majority are:
Mala BosnaMala Bosna is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbering 1,245 people...
, Đurđin,
Donji TavankutDonji Tavankut is a village located some 16 km west of Subotica, Serbia...
,
Gornji TavankutGornji Tavankut is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
,
BikovoBikovo is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
,
Stari ŽednikStari Žednik , also known as Žednik , is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
, and
LjutovoLjutovo is a village located in the Subotica municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina...
.
Bajmok, Višnjevac, and Stari Žednik have over 20% Hungarians, just as in the places with a Hungarian majority (Subotica, Palić, Bačko Dušanovo, and Kelebija) in which over 20% are Serbs, Croats and Bunjevci.
Languages
Languages spoken in Subotica municipality (according to 2002 census):
- Serbian
Serbian is a South Slavic language, spoken chiefly in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and in the Serbian diaspora...
= 69,155 (46.60%)
- Hungarian
Hungarian is a Uralic language unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries...
= 57,608 (38.82%)
- Croatian
Croatian is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by Croatian minorities in some neighbouring countries, in the Italian region of Molise, and parts of the Croatian diaspora....
= 8,806 (5.93%)
Note: The
Bunjevac languageThe Bunjevac speech is a Štokavian dialect used by some members of majority Bunjevci ethnic Croat and minority Bunjevci different ethnic group. The Bunjevci who use it live in parts of the autonomous province of Vojvodina in Serbia as well as in southern parts of Croatia. It has an exclusiv...
is also spoken in Subotica, but it was not listed separately in the 2002 census results published by the Statistical Office of Serbia; the speakers of this language were listed in category "other languages". The number of those who speak "other languages" (presumably Bunjevac ) in the Subotica municipality is 8,914. Some other members of the Bunjevac ethnic community declared in census that their language is Serbian or Croatian. Bunjevac is likely to be listed separately in the future censa, since the members of the Bunjevac ethnic community expressed the wish for affirmation of their language. They also expressed the wish to have school classes in Bunjevac, so the state is most likely to oblige.
Religion
Religion in Subotica municipality (according to 2002 census):
- Roman Catholic = 93,521 (63.02%)
- Orthodox = 38,523 (25.96%)
- Protestant = 2,794 (1.88%)
- other
Subotica is the centre of the
Roman Catholic dioceseThe Roman Catholic Diocese of Subotica is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Vojvodina, Serbia. It is centred in the city of Subotica. It was erected as Apostolic Administration for Yugoslav Bačka in 1923 and elevated to a diocese in 1968.The diocese's cathedral...
of the
BačkaBačka is an area of the Pannonian plain lying between the rivers Danube and Tisa...
region belonging to Serbia. The Subotica area has the highest concentration of Catholics in Serbia. Nearly 70% of the city's population are Catholics. The liturgical languages used in the city's Catholic churches are mostly Hungarian and Croatian. There are eight Catholic parish churches, a
FranciscanThe term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders, also known as the Orders of Friars Minor, that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St. Francis", or a member of one of these orders. As well as Roman Catholic there are also small Old Catholic and...
spiritual centre (the city has communities of both Franciscan monks and Franciscan nuns), a female
DominicanThe Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic in the early 13th century in France...
community, and two congregations of Augustinian religious sisters. The diocese of Subotica has the only Catholic secondary school in Serbia (Paulinum).
Subotica had a Roman Catholic
BlessedBeatification is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a dead person's accession to Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in his or her name . Beatification is the third of the four steps in the canonization process...
working in it. When the nuns' orphanage and children's dome in
BlatoBlato is a town on the island of Korčula in Croatia. It is a municipal centre and can be reached by the main island road from Smokvica. The road runs through the forests in the middle of the island of Korcula. The village was amphitheatrically built on several hills around a small central valley...
has exhausted the food funds for helping poor and hungry children,
Blessed Mary of Jesus Crucified PetkovićMarija Petkovic.jpgMarija Petković, also known as "The Blessed Mary of Jesus Crucified Petković" , was the founder of the Catholic Congregation of the Daughters of Mercy...
went to fertile pleains of Bačka and the seat of Bačka Apostolic Administration, Subotica, to solicit help for the orphans and widows. In return, Bishop Ljudevit Lajčo Budanović asked her to found monasteries of her Order in Subotica and neighbourhood, so the locals can get spiritual gain from that nuns of her Order can provide them.. . Marija Petković quickly notice that Bačka also had problems of numerous poor and abandoned children, so in 1923, she opened
Kolijevka, Children's Home in Subotica. Today this city still has that Children's Home, although the nuns of Marija's Order aren't in that Home anymore.
Among another Christian communities, the members of the
Serbian Orthodox ChurchThe Serbian Orthodox Church or the Church of Serbia is one of the autocephalous...
are the most numerous. There are two Eastern Orthodox church buildings in the city; as well as two Protestant churches,
LutheranLutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the 16th century German reformer Martin Luther. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation...
and
CalvinistCalvinism is a theological system and an approach to the Christian life...
, respectively.
The Jewish community of Subotica is the third largest in Serbia, after those in
BelgradeBelgrade Belgrade Belgrade (Serbian Cyrillic: Београд, Serbian Latin: Beograd (meaning "White City" in Serbian) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies on two international waterways, at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where Central Europe's Pannonian Plain meets...
and
Novi SadNovi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city lies in the southern part of Central Europe's Pannonian Plain, on both banks of the Danube river.Novi Sad is Serbia's second largest city, after Belgrade...
. The astounding proportions and beauty of the Hungarian style
art nouveauArt Nouveau is an international movement and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that peaked in popularity at the turn of the 20th century . The name 'Art nouveau' is French for 'new art'...
synagogueA synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer....
are the legacy of a Jewish community that once numbered 6,000 members. About 1,000 of the original Jews of Subotica survived the Holocaust. Today, less than 200 people of Jewish origin remained in Subotica.
2004 elections
Seats in the municipal parliament won in the 2004 local elections:
http://www.cesid.org/lokalni2004/rezultati.jsp?opstina=80438
- Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians
The Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians is an ethnic Hungarian political party in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. Its chairman is István Pásztor. The former party chairman József Kasza is now its honorary president...
(16)
- Democratic Party
The Democratic Party is the main center-left political party in Serbia. It is the largest political party in Serbia in terms of sitting Members of Parliament, and in what respects the international arena, the Democratic Party is a member of the Socialist International and Party of European...
(12)
- Serbian Radical Party
The Serbian Radical Party is a ultra-nationalist right-wing political party in Serbia founded in 1991. The party was active in the Republika Srpska and the Republic of Serbian Krajina in the early 1990s. The SRS has branches in three of today's nations which border Serbia, all were previously...
(9)
- Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina (5)
- Subotica our city (5)
- G17 Plus
G17 Plus is a liberal-conservative political party in Serbia.The G17+ was originally formed, with support by the US government through the National Endowment for Democracy, as a non-governmental organization in 1997 by a group of 17 free market economists...
(4)
- Together for Vojvodina
Together for Vojvodina is a political alliance in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. At the latest legislative elections in Vojvodina, in September 2004, the alliance won 9.44 % of the popular vote, and 7 seats in the provincial parliament...
(4)
- Opportunity (3)
- Coalition - Sunrise for Subotica (3)
- Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians
Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians is an ethnic Hungarian political party in Serbia, led by András Ágoston. The DPVH is conservative party and it is part of Hungarian Coalition, which also include two other ethnic Hungarian political parties in Serbia.-State elections:At the 2008...
(3)
- Serbian Strength Movement
The Strength of Serbia Movement is a political party in Serbia led by Bogoljub Karić. He finished third in the 2004 presidential elections....
(3)
2008 elections
Results of 2008 local elections in Subotica municipality:
http://www.cesid.org/rezultati/sr_maj_2008-lokalni/index.jsp
- For a European Subotica
For a European Serbia – Boris Tadić is an electoral coalition that won the Serbian parliamentary election, 2008, Vojvodina parliamentary election, 2008 and Serbian local elections, 2008...
(40.16%)
- Hungarian Coalition
The Hungarian Coalition is a political coalition composed of 3 ethnic Hungarian political parties in Serbia: the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, the Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, and the Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians...
(27.14%)
- Serbian list for Subotica (16.42%)
After the elections, coalition For a European Subotica (with 32 seats in the parliament), Hungarian Coalition (with 21 seats in the parliament) and Bunjevac Party of Vojvodina (with 1 seat in the parliament) formed local municipal government. Saša Vučinić from Democratic Party (For a European Subotica) is elected for mayor, and Jene Maglai from Hungarian Coalition is elected for president of municipal parliament.
http://www.rtv.rs/sr/vesti/vojvodina/subotica/2008_07_10/vest_72200.jsp
Buildings
Unique in Serbia, Subotica has the most buildings built in art nouveau style. Especially the city hall (built in 1908-1910) and the Synagogue (1902) are of outstanding beauty. These were built by the same architects, by Marcell Komor and Dezső Jakab from
BudapestBudapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation center and is considered an important hub in Central Europe. In 2009, Budapest had 1,712,210 inhabitants, down from a mid-1980s...
, Hungary. Another exceptional example of art nouveau architecture is the actual Artistic Encounter building, which was built in 1904 by Ferenc J. Raichle.
The most remarkable church buildings are: the
CatholicThe word Catholic is derived from the Greek adjective , meaning "universal". In the context of Christian ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages. For some, the term "Catholic Church" refers to the church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, made up of the Latin Rite and the 22...
CathedralA cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...
of St. Theresa of Avila from 1797, the
FranciscanThe term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders, also known as the Orders of Friars Minor, that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St. Francis", or a member of one of these orders. As well as Roman Catholic there are also small Old Catholic and...
MonasteryMonastery , a term derived from the Greek word μοναστήριον, neut. of μοναστήριος - monasterios denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer Monastery (plural: monasteries), a term derived from the Greek word μοναστήριον, neut. of μοναστήριος - monasterios...
from 1723, the Orthodox churches also from the 18th century, the Jugendstil#Hungary
Subotica SynagogueThe Subotica Synagogue is a remarkable jugendstil synagogue in Subotica, Serbia. It was built in 1901-1902, replacing a smaller and less elaborate synagogue. It is one of the finest surviving pieces of religious architecture in the art nouveau style...
from the turn-of-the-century.
In recent years there has been an effort to restore the synagogue. Over $400,000 has been raised for the cause by 2004.
Theater
The historic theater of the town, which was built in 1854 as the first monumental public building in Subotica, was demolished in 2007, although it was declared a historic monument under state protection in 1983, and in 1991 it was added to the National Register as a monument of an extraordinary cultural value. An international campaign was organized both in Serbia and in Hungary to save the historic building. ICOMOS and INTBAU also protested against the decision, but with no avail. The historic centre of Subotica was severely damaged visually. Some scanty remains of the destroyed building will be allegedly incorporated into the new theater.
Education
Subotica is not a university city but has some widely respected secondary schools and faculties.
Secondary Schools
- Teachers' College, founded in 1689, the oldest college in the country and region
- "Svetozar Marković" grammar school web-site
- "Dezső Kosztolányi" Philological grammar school web-site
- "Paulinum" Grammar school of ancient languages of the Catholic Diocese of Subotica
- Music School
- "MESŠC" Electro-mechanical school, recently renamed to "Tehnička Škola - Subotica" (en. "Technical School") web-site
- "Bosa Milićević" School of Economics
- Polytechnic school
- "Lazar Neśić" Chemistry school
- Medical school
Notable faculties
- Civil Engineering faculty web-site
- Electro-Mechanic-Programming faculty "VTŠ" web-site
- Economics faculty web-site
- Teachers faculty in Hungarian language
- Kindergarten Teacher Training College web-site
Newspapers and magazines
Newspapers and magazines published in Subotica:
- Subotičke novine, main weekly newspaper in Serbian (web-site).
- Magyar Szó
Magyar Szó is a Hungarian language daily newspaper in Serbia. It was founded in 1944, with the purpose of serving as the information source for the Hungarian minority of Vojvodina. It was published in Novi Sad until 2006, when its staff headquarters relocated to Subotica. Its editor-in-chief is...
, in Hungarian, founded 1944, published in Subotica since 2006.
- Bunjevačke novine
Bunjevačke novine is a Bunjevac speech monthly newspaper in Serbia. It is published in Subotica.-External links:*...
, in Bunjevac.
- Hrvatska riječ
Hrvatska riječ is a Croatian language weekly newspaper in Serbia. It was founded in 1945, with the purpose to serve as the information organ for the Croatian minority of Vojvodina.
...
, in Croatian.
- Zvonik
Zvonik is a Roman Catholic magazine founded by Croat priests from Roman Catholic Diocese of Subotica. It's being published in Croatian language.- History and mission :...
, in Croatian
Economy
Surroundings of Subotica are mainly farmland but the city itself is an important industrial and transportation centre in Serbia.
Famous citizens
- György Arnold
György Arnold was a Hungarian composer....
(1771-1848), componist.
- József Bártfay (1812-1864), lawyer, writer.
- Ivan Sarić
Ivan Šarić was a Roman Catholic priest who became the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vrhbosna in 1922...
(1876-1966), aviation pioneer and cyclist.
- Đuro Stantić (1878-1918), a world champion in racewalking.
- Aleksandar Lifka
Aleksandar Lifka was a central-European cinematographer. Of Czech descent, he was born in Brassó . After spending his childhood with his parents in the village of Zatec near Prague, he moved to Vienna to study at Technical High school. In that time he experimented with the Magic Lantern "moving...
(1880-1952), a central-European cinematographer.
- Dezső Kosztolányi
Dezső Kosztolányi was a famous Hungarian poet and prose-writer.-Biography:Kosztolányi was born in Subotica in 1885, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but which now lies in northern Serbia. The city serves as a model for the fictional town of Sárszeg, in which he set his novella Skylark as...
(1885-1936), Hungarian poet and prose-writer.
- Géza Csáth
Géza Csáth , was a Hungarian writer, playwright, musician, music critic and psychiatrist. He was the cousin of Dezső Kosztolányi.-Life:...
(1887-1919), a tragic physician-writer.
- Tibor Sekelj
Tibor Sekelj was an explorer, esperantist, writer and lawyer of Jewish descent. He was born in Spišská Sobota, Poprad, former-day Austria-Hungary, present-day Slovakia, and died in Subotica, former Yugoslavia.Tibor made expeditions across the whole of south America, Asia and Africa. Beside...
(Tibor Székely) (1912-1988), explorer, esperantist, writer.
- Jovan Mikić Spartak
Jovan Mikić, known as Spartak was a Yugoslavian representative and a record holder in athletics, and was known for creating the nickname FK Spartak Subotica.-Biography:...
(1914-1944), the leader of the Partisans in Subotica, and a national hero who was killed in 1944.
- Gyula Cseszneky (b. 1914), poet, voivode.
- Juci Komlós (b. 1919), actress.
- Sava Babić
Sava Babić , is a Serbian writer, poet, translator and university professor.-His life:Sava Babić's parents arrived to Vojvodina from Hercegovina. From the autumn of 1941 he studied at a Hungarian school. He finished the high school in Subotica...
(b. 1934), writer, translator and university professor.
- Danilo Kiš
Danilo Kiš was a Yugoslavian novelist, short story writer and poet who wrote in Serbo-Croat. Kiš was influenced by Bruno Schulz, Vladimir Nabokov and Jorge Luis Borges, among other authors. His most famous works include A Tomb for Boris Davidovich and The Encyclopedia of the Dead...
(1935-1989), possibly the most well-known Serbian writer alongside the Nobel laureate Ivo AndrićIvo Andrić was a Yugoslav novelist, short story writer, and the 1961 winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature from Yugoslavia. His novels, e.g. The Bridge on the Drina and Bosnian Chronicle dealt with life in his native Bosnia under the Ottoman Empire...
.
- Eva Ras
Eva Ras is a Serbian actress, writer, and painter of Hungarian origin.-Biography:Ras was born on January 1, 1941 in Subotica, where she lived and went to school until she was eighteen, when she started to study acting and dramaturgy in Belgrade where she now lives...
(b. 1941), actress, painter and Serbian writer.
- József Kasza
József Kasza is an ethnic Hungarian politician, economist and banker in Serbia....
(b. 1945), politician and former chairman of the party Alliance of Vojvodina HungariansThe Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians is an ethnic Hungarian political party in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. Its chairman is István Pásztor. The former party chairman József Kasza is now its honorary president...
.
- Szilveszter Lévai
Sylvester Levay is a Hungarian composer. He was born 16 May 1945 in Subotica , in the North Bačka District of Vojvodina, Yugoslavia , his name in English is pronounced similarly to "Lave-ah-ee."...
(b. 1945), Hungarian composer.
- Sreten Damjanović (b. 1946), wrestler.
- John Simon
John I. Simon, born Ivan Simon on May 12, 1925 in the city of Subotica located in the region of Bačka, then County of Bačka, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, from 1929 known as Yugoslavia , is an American author of Hungarian descent and literary, theater, and film critic.- Biography...
, American theatre critic
- Momir Petković
Momir Petković is an Olympic wrestling champion.-Wrestling career:Momir Petković was a 1976 Olympic gold medalist in Greco-Roman wrestling in Montreal, competing for the former Yugoslavia at 82 kg. He also claimed three World silver medals and a World bronze medal during his career...
(b. 1953), wrestle champion.
- Refik Memišević (b. 1956), wrestle champion.
- Zoran Kalinić (b. 1958), table tennis champion.
- Pierre Jovanovic (b. 1960), French writer and reporter.
- Gyula Mester, born in 1972, volleyball player.
- Bojana Radulovics
Bojana Radulović is a Hungarian former handball player. She was voted World Handball Player of the Year in 2000 and 2003 by the International Handball Federation...
(b. 1973), handball player.
- Félix Lajkó
Lajkó Félix , , is a Hungarian violinist, zither player and composer, born December 17, 1974, Bačka Topola, Serbia.-Music:...
(b. 1974), a "world music" violinist and composer.
- Péter Lékó
Péter Lékó is a Hungarian chess player. He became a grandmaster in 1994 at the age of 14 years . In the January 2009 FIDE list, he has an Elo rating of 2751, making him number nine in the world, and Hungary's number one...
(b. 1979), Hungary's number one chess player.
- Magdolna Rúzsa
Magdolna Rúzsa is a Hungarian singer who won the 2006 title of Megasztár , Hungary's nationwide talent search, closely linked to Pop Idol. As the winner of the category "Newcomer of the Year" at the Fonogram Hungarian Music Awards in 2007, she represented Hungary at the Eurovision Song...
(b. 1985), Hungarian pop singer.
- Bruck Matija (Bruk Matjas), chemist, creator of Kosan.
- Slobodan Vujačić (1948-2005), successful businessman and handball expert.
- Dr. Mirjana Stantić-Pavlinić (b. 1947), authority in rabies research.
- Dr. Vinko Perčić (1911-1989), authority in gastroenterology
Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine whereby the digestive system and its disorders are studied. Etymologically, the name is a combination of three Ancient Greek words gastros , enteron , and logos ....
and internal medicine
International cooperation
- Subotica is a pilot city of the Council of Europe
The Council of Europe is the oldest international organisation working towards European integration, having been founded in 1949. It has a particular emphasis on legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation...
and the EU Intercultural citiesThe Intercultural City programme is a joint project of the Council of Europe and the European Commission. It stimulates new ideas and practice in relation to the integration of migrants and minorities....
programme.
Twin cities
Subotica is
twinnedSister cities, also known as town twinning, is an agreement between towns, cities and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties...
with the following cities:
SzegedSzeged is the fourth largest city of Hungary, the regional centre of South-Eastern Hungary and the capital of the county of Csongrád.- Name :...
, Hungary
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Dunajská StredaDunajská Streda is a town in southern Slovakia . Dunajská Streda is the most important town of the Žitný ostrov region. It has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population is 23,562 -Name:...
, SlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe with a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia borders the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. The largest city is its capital, Bratislava...
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OlomoucOlomouc is a city in Moravia, in the east of the Czech Republic...
, Czech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a country in Central Europe that is sometimes considered to be Eastern European. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west and northwest, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. The capital and largest city is Prague...
Odorheiu SecuiescOdorheiu Secuiesc or Székelyudvarhely is the second-largest city in Harghita County, Romania. In its short form, it is also known as Odorhei in Romanian and Udvarhely in Hungarian.- Demographics :...
, RomaniaRomania is a country located in Southeastern and Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Almost all of the Danube Delta is located within its territory...
Partner Cities
Subotica is a partner city with the following:
BajaBaja is a city in southern Hungary. It is the second largest city in Bács-Kiskun county after the county seat Kecskemét with 37 690 inhabitants. The surroundings of Baja have been continuously inhabited since the end of the Iron Age, but there is evidence of human presence in prehistoric times...
, Hungary  BudapestBudapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it serves as the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation center and is considered an important hub in Central Europe. In 2009, Budapest had 1,712,210 inhabitants, down from a mid-1980s...
, Hungary IzolaIzola is an old fishing town and a municipality in southwestern Slovenia on the Adriatic coast of the Istrian peninsula. Its name originates from the Italian Isola, which means island.- History :...
, SloveniaSlovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north...
KecskemétKecskemét is a city in the central part of Hungary. It is the 8th largest city of the country, and the county seat of Bács-Kiskun.- Location :...
, Hungary Kiskunhalas- Name :Kiskunhalas used to be surrounded by lakes that were rich in fish, Halas in Hungarian, and this gave rise to the town's name. The other part of the name comes from the Hungarian kiskun-, meaning Little Cumania ....
, Hungary PrizrenPrizren is a historical city located in southern Kosovo. It is the administrative center of the homonymous municipality and district.The city has a population of around 170,000, mostly Albanians...
 München, GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
 NamurNamur is a city and municipality in Wallonia, in southern Belgium. It is both the capital of the province of Namur and of Wallonia....
, BelgiumThe Kingdom of Belgium is a country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters, as well as those of other major international organizations, including NATO...
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OsijekOsijek is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 114,616 in 2001. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county...
, CroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a country in southeast Europe, at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is Zagreb...
TilburgTilburg is a landlocked municipality and a city in the Netherlands, located in the southern province of Noord-Brabant.Tilburg municipality also includes the villages of Berkel-Enschot and Udenhout....
, NetherlandsThe Netherlands is a country in Northwestern Europe, constituting the major portion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east...
 TurkuTurku is a city situated on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of Aura River. It is located in the region of Finland Proper in the Province of Western Finland. It is believed that Turku came into existence during the end of 13th century which makes it the oldest city in Finland...
, FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland , is a Nordic country and democracy situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland...
 UlmUlm is a city in the German Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube. The city, whose population is estimated at 120,000 , forms an urban district of its own and is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district. Ulm, founded around 850, is rich in history and traditions...
, GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
WolverhamptonWolverhampton is a city and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, England. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100; the wider Urban Area had a population of 251,462, which makes it the 13th most populous city in England.Historically a part of...
, United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
ZagrebZagreb is the capital and the largest city of Croatia. Zagreb is the cultural, scientific, economic and governmental center of Croatia, and a global city. According to the city government, the population of Zagreb in 2008 was 804,200...
, CroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a country in southeast Europe, at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is Zagreb...
ZircZirc is a town in Veszprém county, Hungary. The Zirc Abbey located here. Famous tourist place here The Zirc Arboretum.-External links:*...
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External links