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Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)
Encyclopedia
The Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) is run by the World Health Organization
's Multi-Country Studies unit in the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster. SAGE is part of the unit's Longitudinal Study Programme which is attempting to compile comprehensive longitudinal data on the health and well-being of adult populations, and the ageing process across different countries, through primary data collection and secondary data analysis.
SAGE baseline data (Wave 0, 2002-04) was collected as part of WHO's World Health Survey (WHS). A second round of data collection (Wave 1, 2007-09) is ongoing and has expanded the sample sizes in each participating country (China
, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation and South Africa).
to collect household data on persons aged 50 years and older in over 20 countries, as well as fostering links to other data collection efforts such as the Study on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the Chinese Health and Retirement Survey (CHARLs)
, the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI).
SAGE-like surveys have been conducted as the World Health Survey Plus (WHS+) in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (plus Yemen), as a short version of SAGE in eight demographic surveillance fieldsites INDEPTH; as a full SAGE in three INDEPTH fieldsites; and, as COURAGE in Europe in three European countries.
Governments in three countries, South Africa, China and Mexico, have also provided financial support for SAGE. USAID funding contributed to an oversample of adult women in India.
The European Commission under Seventh Framework Programme has provided financial support to implement a SAGE-like health status, quality of life and well-being study in Europe under the name "collaborative research on ageing in Europe (COURAGE in Europe)". Finland, Poland and Spain will be implementing the survey in 2010.
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
's Multi-Country Studies unit in the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster. SAGE is part of the unit's Longitudinal Study Programme which is attempting to compile comprehensive longitudinal data on the health and well-being of adult populations, and the ageing process across different countries, through primary data collection and secondary data analysis.
SAGE baseline data (Wave 0, 2002-04) was collected as part of WHO's World Health Survey (WHS). A second round of data collection (Wave 1, 2007-09) is ongoing and has expanded the sample sizes in each participating country (China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation and South Africa).
SAGE Wave 0
A baseline cohort for the six participating countries was created as part of the WHS and contains data on the situation of 65,964 adults aged 18 years and older, including over 20,000 persons aged 50 years and older. Samples of these respondents were followed-up as a part of SAGE 2007-10 data collection in four of the six SAGE countries (Ghana, India, Mexico and the Russian Federation). Meta- and micro-data are in the public domain through WHO at www.who.int/healthinfo/systems/sage.SAGE Wave 1
Weighted data for China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation and South Africa are in the public domain (see Study on global AGEing and Adult Health). SAGE's first full round of data collection included both follow-up and new respondents in four participating countries. The goal of the sampling design was to obtain a nationally representative cohort of persons aged 50 years and older, with a smaller cohort of persons aged 18 to 49 for comparison purposes. The target sample size was 5000 households with at least one person aged 50+ years and 1000 households with an 18 to 49 year old respondent. In the older households, all persons aged 50+ years (for example, spouses and siblings) were invited to participate. Proxy respondents were identified for respondents who were unable to respond for themselves. The pooled data set will include over 43,000 respondents (see table below).| Modules in the SAGE Questionnaires |
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Data collected, Wave 1
Standardized SAGE survey instruments were used in all countries consisting of five main parts: 1) household questionnaire; 2) individual questionnaire; 3) proxy questionnaire; 4) verbal autopsy questionnaire; and, 5) appendices including showcards. A question by question guide (Survey Manual) is available. A VAQ was completed for deaths in the household over the last 24 months. The procedures for including country-specific adaptations to the standardized questionnaire and translations into local languages from English follow those developed by and used for the World Health Survey.| Country | World Bank economic category |
Sample Size |
|---|---|---|
| China | Upper-Middle | 14785 |
| Ghana | Lower-Middle | 5573 |
| India | Lower-Middle | 12198 |
| Mexico | Upper-Middle | 2734 |
| Russian Federation | Upper-Middle | 4947 |
| South Africa | Upper-Middle | 4227 |
Links to other studies
SAGE adapted methods and instruments used by the WHS and/or from 16 surveys on ageing (including the US Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) and the UK English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing is a longitudinal study that collects multidisciplinary data from a representative sample of the English population aged 50 and older. The survey data are designed to be used for the investigation of a broad set of topics relevant to understanding the...
to collect household data on persons aged 50 years and older in over 20 countries, as well as fostering links to other data collection efforts such as the Study on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the Chinese Health and Retirement Survey (CHARLs)
Chinese Health and Retirement Survey
The Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study is a longitudinal survey being conducted by the China Center for Economic Research at Peking University with Professor Yaohui Zhao of Peking University serving as Principal Investigator and Professors John Strauss of the University of Southern...
, the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI).
SAGE-like surveys have been conducted as the World Health Survey Plus (WHS+) in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (plus Yemen), as a short version of SAGE in eight demographic surveillance fieldsites INDEPTH; as a full SAGE in three INDEPTH fieldsites; and, as COURAGE in Europe in three European countries.
SAGE-INDEPTH
Data for the summary SAGE module added to INDEPTH census rounds in 2007 and 2008 is available through WHO SAGE and INDEPTH. These data include the SAGE health state descriptions, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule version 2 (WHODAS-II) and the WHO Quality of Life (WHOQoL) 8-item version as measures of health and subjective well-being, linked to selected sociodemographic data from the demographic surveillance fieldsites in eight countries (Bangladesh, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Viet Nam). The sample size is over 46,000 respondents. First results are published as 'Growing Older in Africa and Asia: Multicentre study on ageing, health and well-being' in the peer-reviewed open-access journal, Global Health Action.| Country (DSS Fieldsite) | World Bank economic category |
Sample Size |
|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh (Matlab) | Low | 4037 |
| Ghana (Navrongo) | Lower-Middle | 4584 |
| India (Vadu) | Lower-Middle | 5430 |
| Indonesia (Purworejo) | Lower-Middle | 12395 |
| Kenya (Nairobi) | Low | 2072 |
| South Africa (Agincourt) | Upper-Middle | 4085 |
| Tanzania (Ifakara) | Low | 5131 |
| Viet Nam (Filabavi) | Lower-Middle | 8535 |
Direction
The WHO's Multi-Country Studies unit runs SAGE and is headed by Dr Somnath Chatterji. The unit is under the direction of Dr Ties Boerma in the Department of Health Statistics and Informatics. Dr Chatterji is SAGE Principal Investigator, Dr Paul Kowal is co-Principal Investigator, Ms Nirmala Naidoo is the lead statistician, with regular contributions from other members of the WHO SAGE team. Country Primary Investigators (Dr Wu Fan, Shanghai CDC, China; Dr Richard Biritwum, University of Ghana, Ghana; Dr Perianayagam Arokiasamy, IIPS, India; Dr Ruy Lopez Ridaura, INSP, Mexico; Dr Tamara Maximova, RAMS, Russian Federation; and, Ms Refilwe Nphaswana-Mafuya, HSRC, South Africa) and survey teams lead the efforts in each of the participating SAGE countries, from data collection and dissemination, to analysis and manuscript preparation.Funding
The US National Institute on Aging, Division of Behavioural and Social Research (NIA BSR) has provided the financial support for this project, through Interagency Agreements, and has facilitated forums for in-depth discussions about study content, design and implementation. The NIA BSR has been instrumental in promoting linkages between longitudinal studies on ageing and adult health around the world.Governments in three countries, South Africa, China and Mexico, have also provided financial support for SAGE. USAID funding contributed to an oversample of adult women in India.
The European Commission under Seventh Framework Programme has provided financial support to implement a SAGE-like health status, quality of life and well-being study in Europe under the name "collaborative research on ageing in Europe (COURAGE in Europe)". Finland, Poland and Spain will be implementing the survey in 2010.
See also
- US Census Bureau, International Programs Center, Aging Studies Branch
- HelpAge International
- Minimum Data Set (MDS) Project on Evidence and Information for Ageing and Adult Health
- UN Programme on Ageing
- WHO's Ageing and Life Course Department
- World Demographic and Ageing Forum
- Global Action on AgingGlobal Action on AgingGlobal Action on Aging , based in New York at the United Nations, reports on older people's needs and potential within the global economy...
- International Longevity Center
External links
- African Research on Ageing Network (AFRAN)
- Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH)
- Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
- China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLs)
- Comparisons of Longitudinal European Studies on Ageing (CLESA)
- Costa Rican Study of Longevity and Healthy Aging (CRELES)
- Dynamic Analyses to Optimize Ageing (DYNOPTA)
- English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
- Global Ageing SurveyGlobal Ageing SurveyThe Global Ageing Survey is the worlds largest single survey of later life with 44,000 individuals from 24 countries. It was undertaken by the Oxford Institute of Ageing, Principal Investigators George Leeson and Sarah Harper as part of the HSBC funded Future of Retirement Project...
(retirement and financial well-being study) - US Health and Retirement Survey (HRS)
- INDEPTH (Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems for ageing and adult health research)
- Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR)
- Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA)
- Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI)
- Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS)
- Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS)
- New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement (NZHRS)
- Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions (PREHCO)
- Study on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
- 10/66 Dementia Research Group
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)