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Stoma (medicine)
 
 
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In medicine
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
, a stoma (Greek - pl. stomata) is an opening (a direct translation of the Koine Greek would be "mouth"), either natural or surgically
Surgery

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance, or sometimes for some other reason....
 created (artificial), which connects a portion of the body cavity to the outside environment. Surgical procedures in which stomata are created are ended in the suffix '-ostomy' and begin with a prefix denoting the organ or area being operated on.

In anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
, a natural stoma is any opening in the body, such as the mouth.






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In medicine
Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
, a stoma (Greek - pl. stomata) is an opening (a direct translation of the Koine Greek would be "mouth"), either natural or surgically
Surgery

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance, or sometimes for some other reason....
 created (artificial), which connects a portion of the body cavity to the outside environment. Surgical procedures in which stomata are created are ended in the suffix '-ostomy' and begin with a prefix denoting the organ or area being operated on.

In anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
, a natural stoma is any opening in the body, such as the mouth. Any hollow organ can be manipulated into an artificial stoma as necessary. This includes the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, pleural cavity, ureters, and kidney pelves.

One well-known form of an artificial stoma is a colostomy
Colostomy

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves connecting a part of the Colon onto the anterior abdominal wall, leaving the patient with an opening on the abdomen called a Stoma ....
, which is a surgically-created opening in the large intestine
Large intestine

The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system?the final stage of the alimentary canal?in vertebrate animals. Its function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter, and then to pass this useless feces from the body....
 that allows the removal of feces
Feces

Feces, faeces, or f?ces is a waste product from an animal's gastrointestinal tract expelled through the anus during defecation....
 out of the body, bypassing the rectum
Rectum

The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the Gastrointestinal tract in others, terminating in the anus....
, to drain into a pouch
Pouch

Pouch may refer to:* a Bag made of 2 layers of foil* Pouch used by female marsupials to rear their young through early infancy* Ileo-anal pouch, an internal reservoir formed by connecting the end of the small intestine to the rectum...
 or other collection device. The historical practice of trepanation
Trepanation

Trepanation is surgery in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull, thus exposing the dura mater in order to treat health problems related to intracranial diseases, though in the modern era it is used only to treat epidural hematoma and subdural hematomas and for surgical access for certain other neurosurgical procedures, su...
 was also a type of stoma.

Stoma (Anatomy), a stoma refers to a mouthlike part. In particular it relates to a procedure involving the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal tract

The digestive tract is the system of Organ s within multicellular animals that takes in food, digestion it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste....
 (GIT) or gastrointestinal system (GIS). The GIT begins at the mouth or oral cavity and continues until its termination, which is the anus. This surgical
Surgery

Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance, or sometimes for some other reason....
 procedure is invoked usually as a result of and solution to disease in the GIT. The procedure involves bisecting this tube, usually between the later stage of the small intestine (Ileum
Ileum

The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum....
) and the large intestine or colon
Colon (anatomy)

The colon is the last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from feces before they are defecation from the body....
, hence colostomy
Colostomy

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves connecting a part of the Colon onto the anterior abdominal wall, leaving the patient with an opening on the abdomen called a Stoma ....
, and exiting it from the body in the abdominal region.

The point of exiting is what is known as the stoma. For greatest success and to minimise bad effects, it is preferable to perform this procedure as low down in the tract as possible, as this allows the optimal amount of natural digestion
Digestion

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components, to a form that can be Absorption, for instance, by a blood stream....
 to occur before eliminating fecal
Feces

Feces, faeces, or f?ces is a waste product from an animal's gastrointestinal tract expelled through the anus during defecation....
 matter from the body. The stoma is usually covered with a removable pouching system (adhesive or mechanical) that collects and contains the output for later disposal. Modern pouching systems
Ostomy pouching system

An ostomy pouching system is a medical prosthetic that provides a means for the collection of waste froma diverted biological system ;pouching systems are most commonly associated with Colostomy, Ileostomy, and Urostomy....
 enable most individuals to resume normal activities and lifestyles after surgery, often with no outward physical evidence of the stoma or its pouching system.

Examples of stomata

  • Dacryocystorhinostomy
    Dacryocystorhinostomy

    Dacryocystorhinostomy is a surgical procedure to restore the flow of tears into the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not function....
  • Enterostomy
    • Cecostomy
    • Colostomy
      Colostomy

      A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves connecting a part of the Colon onto the anterior abdominal wall, leaving the patient with an opening on the abdomen called a Stoma ....
    • Duodenostomy
    • Ileostomy
      Ileostomy

      An ileostomy is a stoma that has been constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine out onto the surface of the skin. Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy and is collected in an external Ostomy pouching system stuck to the skin....
    • Jejunostomy
    • Appendicostomy
  • Esophagostomy
  • Gastrostomy
    Gastrostomy

    Gastrostomy refers to a surgical opening into the stomach. Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression....
     (also see percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
    Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

    A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is an endoscopy procedure for placing a tube into the stomach. It involves placing a tube into the stomach through the abdominal wall....
    )
  • Cholecystostomy
  • Choledochostomy
  • Sclerostomy
  • Thoracostomy
  • Tracheostomy
  • Urostomy
    Urostomy

    A urostomy is a stoma for the urinary system. A urostomy is made in cases where long-term drainage of urine through the Urinary bladder and urethra is not possible, e.g....
     (also see Ileal conduit urinary diversion
    Ileal conduit urinary diversion

    An ileal conduit urinary diversion is a surgical technique usually referred to as the Bricker ileal conduit after its inventor, Eugene M. Bricker....
    )
    • Nephrostomy
      Nephrostomy

      A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the drainage of urine directly from the upper part of the urinary system ....
    • Ureterostomy
      Ureterostomy

      A ureterostomy is the creation of a stoma for a ureter or kidney....
    • Vesicostomy (cystostomy)


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