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Sting operation



 
 
In law enforcement, a sting operation is a deceptive operation designed to catch a person committing a crime. A typical sting will have a law-enforcement officer or cooperative member of the public play a role as criminal partner or potential victim and go along with a suspect's actions to gather evidence of the suspect's wrongdoing.


g operations are fraught with ethical concerns over whether they constitute entrapment
Entrapment

Entrapment is the act of a law enforcement agent inducing a person to commit an offense which the person would otherwise have been unlikely to commit....
.






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In law enforcement, a sting operation is a deceptive operation designed to catch a person committing a crime. A typical sting will have a law-enforcement officer or cooperative member of the public play a role as criminal partner or potential victim and go along with a suspect's actions to gather evidence of the suspect's wrongdoing.

Examples

  • Deploying a bait car
    Bait car

    A bait car, also called a decoy car or rat trap, is a vehicle used by a Police agency to capture Motor vehicle theft. The vehicles are specially modified, with features including GPS tracking, hidden cameras that record audio, video, time, and date, which can all be remotely monitored by police....
     (also called a honey trap) to catch an auto thief
  • Setting up a seemingly vulnerable honeypot
    Honeypot (computing)

    In computer terminology, a honeypot is a trap set to detect, deflect, or in some manner counteract attempts at unauthorized use of information systems....
     computer to lure and gain information about crackers.
  • Police or ATF
    Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

    The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is a specialized federal police and regulatory organization within the United States Department of Justice....
     arranging someone under the legal drinking age
    Legal drinking age

    The legal drinking age refers to the minimum age when a person is legally allowed to purchase and consume alcoholic beverages in his/her home country....
     to ask an adult to buy alcoholic beverage
    Alcoholic beverage

    An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol . Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and distilled beverage....
     for him or her, or similar for cigarettes
  • Posing as someone who is seeking illegal drugs or child pornography
    Child pornography

    Child pornography refers to images or films depicting sexually explicit activities involving a child; as such, child pornography is a visual record of child sexual abuse....
     to catch a supplier; or as a supplier to catch a customer.
  • Posing as a supplier of child pornography to catch a buyer/downloader
  • Posing as a child in a chat room
    Chat room

    The term chat room, or chatroom, is primarily used by mass media to describe any form of synchronous conferencing, occasionally even asynchronous conferencing....
     to lure a child molester
    Child sexual abuse

    Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent. In addition to direct sexual activity, child sexual abuse also occurs when an adult Indecent exposure to a child, asks or pressures a child to engage in sexual activities, displays pornography to a child, or us...
  • An undercover officer posing as a potential customer to bust a prostitute (in the case that he/she does it illegally).
  • An undercover officer posing as a prostitute to bust a potential "customer" (in the case that being a customer of a prostitute is illegal).


Ethical and legal concerns

Sting operations are fraught with ethical concerns over whether they constitute entrapment
Entrapment

Entrapment is the act of a law enforcement agent inducing a person to commit an offense which the person would otherwise have been unlikely to commit....
. Law-enforcement may have to be careful not to provoke the commission of a crime by someone who would not normally be inclined to do so. Additionally, in the process of such operations, the police often engage in the same so-called crimes, often victimless, such as buying or selling contraband, soliciting prostitutes, etc. In common law
Common law

Common law refers to law and the corresponding Legal systems of the world developed through legal opinion of courts and similar tribunals , rather than through statute law or Executive ....
 jurisdictions, the defendant may invoke the defense of entrapment
Entrapment

Entrapment is the act of a law enforcement agent inducing a person to commit an offense which the person would otherwise have been unlikely to commit....
.

Contrary to popular misconceptions, however, entrapment does not prohibit undercover police officers from posing as criminals or denying that they are police . Entrapment is typically only a defense if a suspect is pressured into committing a crime they would probably not have committed otherwise. For example, if undercover officers coerced a potential suspect into manufacturing illegal drugs to sell them, then the accused could use entrapment as a defense. However, if a suspect is already manufacturing drugs and police pose as buyers to catch him, then entrapment has not occurred.

Sting operations in popular culture

The 1973 Robert Redford
Robert Redford

Charles Robert Redford Jr. , better known as Robert Redford, is an Academy Award-winning United States film director, actor, film producer, businessman, model , environmentalism, philanthropist, and founder of the Sundance Film Festival....
 and Paul Newman
Paul Newman

Paul Leonard Newman was an United States actor, film director, entrepreneur, Humanitarianism, and auto racing enthusiast. He won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for his performance in the 1986 Martin Scorsese film The Color of Money and eight other nominations three Golden Globe, a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a...
 film, The Sting
The Sting

The Sting is a 1973 caper film set in September 1936 and revolving around a complicated plot by two professional Confidence trick to confidence trick a mob boss ....
, centers on two grifters and their attempts to con a mob boss through a type of sting operation.

In 1998, three agencies came together to perpetrate an out of this world sting operation when they successfully recovered the Honduras Goodwill Moon Rock from a vault in Miami. The sting operation was known as "Operation Lunar Eclipse" and the participating agencies were NASA Office of Inspector General, the United States Postal Inspection Service and U.S. Customs. The moon rock was offered to the undercover agents for 5 million dollars.

In June 2007, Larry Craig
Larry Craig

Larry Edwin Craig is an Politics of the United States from the U.S. state of Idaho. He served as a Republican Party in the United States Senate from 1991 to 2009....
, a Republican senator from Idaho, was caught in a sex sting operation at a Minnesota airport. Craig was purportedly soliciting sex in a men's bathroom when he was arrested by an undercover policeman. In August 2007, he filed a guilty plea for disorderly conduct. He professed to have been wrongly pressured into entering the plea, however, and on September 10th filed a request to withdraw his guilty plea. His petition for withdrawal was rejected by the Minnesota court system, although Craig remains steadfast in his insistence to finish out the rest of his term even amid the scandal and allegations. A Senate ethics committee will likely be formed to investigate his behavior.

In To Catch a Predator
To Catch a Predator

To Catch a Predator is a reality television show that features a series of hidden camera investigations by the television news-magazine Dateline NBC devoted to the subject of identifying and detaining those who contact people below the age of consent over the Internet for sexual liaisons....
, a reality tv show hosted by Chris Hansen
Chris Hansen

Christopher Edward "Chris" Hansen is an United States television news journalist. He is well-known for his work on the Dateline NBC television segment To Catch a Predator....
, decoys posing as underage females have online conversations with potential sexual predators in the attempt to lure them to a meeting, where they are confronted by Hansen and often the police.

Several novels and short stories by science fiction
Science fiction

Science fiction is a broad genre of fiction that often involves speculations based on current or future science or technology. Science fiction is found in books, art, television, films, games, theatre, and other media....
 author
Author

An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created....
 Philip K. Dick
Philip K. Dick

Philip Kindred Dick was an United States science fiction novelist, short story writer, and essayist. Dick explored sociological, political and metaphysics themes in novels dominated by monopoly corporations, Authoritarianism, and altered states of consciousness....
, such as A Scanner Darkly
A Scanner Darkly

A Scanner Darkly is a 1977 science fiction novel by Philip K. Dick. The semi-autobiography story is set in a dystopian Orange County, California in the then-future of June 1994....
, revolve around sting operations that have gotten out of hand.

Season Three of the TV series 24
24 (TV series)

24 is an United States serial action drama television series. Broadcast by Fox Broadcasting Company in the United States and syndicated worldwide, the show first aired on November 6, 2001, with an initial 13 episodes ....
 has its entire main plot focused on a sting operation and its unforeseen consequences.

In the Sonic the Hedgehog issues from Archie Comics
Archie Comics

Archie Comics is an United States of America comic book publisher, known for its many series featuring the fictional teenager Archie Andrews , Betty Cooper, Veronica Lodge, Reggie Mantle and Jughead Jones characters by publisher/editor John L....
, the Freedom Fighters were involved in a sting operation against several of their foes.

In the Seinfeld
Seinfeld

Seinfeld is an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award-winning Television in the United States Situation comedy that originally aired on NBC from July 5, 1989, to May 14, 1998, lasting nine seasons, and is now in Broadcast syndication....
 episode, The Sniffing Accountant
The Sniffing Accountant

"The Sniffing Accountant" is the sixty-eighth episode of the hit sitcom Seinfeld. This was the 4th episode for the 5th season. It aired on October 7, 1993....
, Jerry, Kramer, and Newman set up a sting in order to catch their suspected drug-dealing accountant

In the Simpsons
The Simpsons

The Simpsons is an Television in the United States animated cartoon Situation comedy created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company....
 episode, Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington
Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington

Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington is the second episode of The Simpsons' third season which aired on September 26, 1991....
, the FBI use a sting operation to prove the guilt of fictional US Senator
United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper house of the Bicameralism United States Congress, the lower house being the United States House of Representatives....
 Bob Arnold, in order to subsequently convict him of fraud
Fraud

In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual. The specific legal definition varies by legal jurisdiction....
 through succumbing to bribery
Bribery

Bribery, a form of pecuniary corruption, is an act implying money or gift given that alters the behaviour of the recipient. Bribery constitutes a crime and is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as the Offer and acceptance, Gift, Offer and acceptance, or Solicitation of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other pers...
.

See also

  • Bait car
    Bait car

    A bait car, also called a decoy car or rat trap, is a vehicle used by a Police agency to capture Motor vehicle theft. The vehicles are specially modified, with features including GPS tracking, hidden cameras that record audio, video, time, and date, which can all be remotely monitored by police....
  • Confidence trick
    Confidence trick

    A confidence trick or confidence game is an attempt to defraud a person or group by gaining their confidence....
  • Operation Backfire (FBI)
    Operation Backfire (FBI)

    Operation Backfire is a multi-agency criminal investigation, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation , into destructive acts in the name of animal rights and environmental causes in the United States regarded as eco-terrorism by the FBI....
  • Operation Pin
    Operation Pin

    Operation Pin is an initiative of the Virtual Global Taskforce, which consists of UK's National Crime Squad, the FBI, Interpol, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Australian Hi-Tech Crime Centre / Australian Federal Police ....
  • Abscam
    Abscam

    Abscam was a United States Federal Bureau of Investigation sting operation run from the FBI's Hauppauge, New York, Long Island, office in the late 1970s and early 1980s....
  • Cops in shops
    Cops in shops

    Cops in Shops is an alcohol law enforcement program in the United States in which undercover police officers work with participating alcoholic beverage retailers....
  • Operation Century
    Operation Century

    Operation Century was the code name for a sting operation by Essex Police for investigating a triple murder that happened at Rettendon, Essex, England, in December 1995....
  • The Sting
    The Sting

    The Sting is a 1973 caper film set in September 1936 and revolving around a complicated plot by two professional Confidence trick to confidence trick a mob boss ....
  • Agent provocateur
    Agent provocateur

    Traditionally, an agent provocateur is a person employed by the police or other entity to act undercover to entice or provoke another person to commit an illegal act....