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Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria

 

 
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Duke Stephen II of Bavaria (1319 – 13 May 1375, Landshut
Landshut

Landshut is a city in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany, belonging to both Eastern and Southern Bavaria. Situated on the banks of the Isar, Landshut acts is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free state of Bavaria....
) (German: Stephan II mit der Hafte, Herzog von Bayern), after 1347 Duke of Bavaria
Bavaria

Bavaria , with an area of and almost 12.5 million inhabitants, is a region located in the southeast of Germany and is the largest States of Germany of Germany by area....
. He was the second son of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Louis IV , called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the Duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, Electoral Palatinate until 1329, King of Germany from 1314, and Holy Roman Empire from 1328....
 and Beatrix von Silesia-Glogau and a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty
Wittelsbach

The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a Germany dynasty from Bavaria. Their major principal roles were as List of rulers of Bavaria , Electoral Palatinate , List of rulers of Brandenburg , Counts of Holland, County of Hainaut and Zeeland , List of bishops and archbishops of Cologne , Duchy of J?lich and Berg , Kings of Sweden...
.
ng the reign of Emperor Louis IV his son Stephen served as vogt
Vogt

A Vogt in the Holy Roman Empire was the title of a reeve, an overlord exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice over a certain territory....
 of Swabia
Swabia

Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia is both a historic and linguistics region in Germany. Swabia consists of much of the present-day state of Baden-W?rttemberg , as well as the Bavarian Swabia ....
 and Alsace
Alsace

Alsace is the fourth-smallest of the 26 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the sixth-most densely populated region in France , with 222 inhabitants per km? ....
. The Emperor had acquired Brandenburg
Brandenburg

Brandenburg is one of the sixteen states of Germany of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany....
, Tyrol
Tyrol

Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day States of Austria of Tyrol , the Regions of Italy Trentino-Alto Adige/S?dtirol and three Comunes of the Veneto Regions of Italy ....
, Holland
Holland

Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often mistakenly used to refer to the whole of The Netherlands....
 and Hainaut
County of Hainaut

The County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of what is now the Belgium province of Hainaut and the southern part of the French d?partement Nord ....
 for his House but he had also released the Upper Palatinate
Upper Palatinate

The Upper Palatinate is one of the seven Regierungsbezirks of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria. It is subdivided into two regions - Oberpfalz-Nord and Regensburg....
 for the Palatinate branch of the Wittelsbach in 1329.






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Duke Stephen II of Bavaria (1319 – 13 May 1375, Landshut
Landshut

Landshut is a city in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany, belonging to both Eastern and Southern Bavaria. Situated on the banks of the Isar, Landshut acts is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free state of Bavaria....
) (German: Stephan II mit der Hafte, Herzog von Bayern), after 1347 Duke of Bavaria
Bavaria

Bavaria , with an area of and almost 12.5 million inhabitants, is a region located in the southeast of Germany and is the largest States of Germany of Germany by area....
. He was the second son of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Louis IV , called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the Duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria, Electoral Palatinate until 1329, King of Germany from 1314, and Holy Roman Empire from 1328....
 and Beatrix von Silesia-Glogau and a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty
Wittelsbach

The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a Germany dynasty from Bavaria. Their major principal roles were as List of rulers of Bavaria , Electoral Palatinate , List of rulers of Brandenburg , Counts of Holland, County of Hainaut and Zeeland , List of bishops and archbishops of Cologne , Duchy of J?lich and Berg , Kings of Sweden...
.

Biography

During the reign of Emperor Louis IV his son Stephen served as vogt
Vogt

A Vogt in the Holy Roman Empire was the title of a reeve, an overlord exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice over a certain territory....
 of Swabia
Swabia

Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia is both a historic and linguistics region in Germany. Swabia consists of much of the present-day state of Baden-W?rttemberg , as well as the Bavarian Swabia ....
 and Alsace
Alsace

Alsace is the fourth-smallest of the 26 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the sixth-most densely populated region in France , with 222 inhabitants per km? ....
. The Emperor had acquired Brandenburg
Brandenburg

Brandenburg is one of the sixteen states of Germany of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany....
, Tyrol
Tyrol

Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day States of Austria of Tyrol , the Regions of Italy Trentino-Alto Adige/S?dtirol and three Comunes of the Veneto Regions of Italy ....
, Holland
Holland

Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often mistakenly used to refer to the whole of The Netherlands....
 and Hainaut
County of Hainaut

The County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of what is now the Belgium province of Hainaut and the southern part of the French d?partement Nord ....
 for his House but he had also released the Upper Palatinate
Upper Palatinate

The Upper Palatinate is one of the seven Regierungsbezirks of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria. It is subdivided into two regions - Oberpfalz-Nord and Regensburg....
 for the Palatinate branch of the Wittelsbach in 1329. When his father died in 1347, Stephen succeeded him as Duke of Bavaria and Count of Holland
Holland

Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often mistakenly used to refer to the whole of The Netherlands....
 and Hainaut
County of Hainaut

The County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries. It consisted of what is now the Belgium province of Hainaut and the southern part of the French d?partement Nord ....
 together with his five brothers. Louis IV had reunited Bavaria in 1340 but in 1349 the country was divided for the emperor's sons again into Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing. Stephen II ruled from 1349 to 1353 together with his brothers William I and Albert I in Holland
Holland

Holland is a name in common usage given to two regions in the western part of Netherlands. The name 'Holland' is also often mistakenly used to refer to the whole of The Netherlands....
 and Lower Bavaria-Landshut, since 1353 only in Lower Bavaria-Landshut.

After the temporary reconciliation of the Wittelsbach with Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the eleventh king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and Holy Roman Emperor.He was the eldest son and heir of John of Bohemia, who died on 26 August 1346, thus Charles inherited the Count of Luxembourg and the King of Bohemia....
, who had finally confirmed all Wittelsbach possessions, Stephen joined Charles' expedition to Italy in 1354. But soon the Golden Bull of 1356
Golden Bull of 1356

The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by a Reichstag in Nuremberg headed by Emperor Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor that fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire....
 caused a new conflict since only the Palatinate branch of the Wittelsbach and his brother Louis VI the Roman
Louis VI the Roman

Louis VI the Roman was the first son of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian from his second wife Margaret of Holland and a member of the House of Wittelsbach....
 as margrave of Brandenburg were invested with the electoral dignity
Prince-elector

The Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of Imperial election the Holy Roman Emperors....
. Stephen II was the last son of Emperor Louis IV who was absolved from excommunication in 1362.

When Duke Meinhard
Meinhard III of Gorizia-Tyrol

Meinhard III , was List of rulers of Bavaria and the last Tyrol from the House of Wittelsbach.Meinhard was the son of Duke Louis V, Duke of Bavaria with Countess Margarete, Countess of Tyrol and as such also the last descendant of Meinhard I of Gorizia-Tyrol, County of Gorizia ....
, the son of his older brother Louis V the Brandenburger died in 1363, Stephen II succeeded also in Upper Bavaria and invaded Tyrol
Tyrol

Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day States of Austria of Tyrol , the Regions of Italy Trentino-Alto Adige/S?dtirol and three Comunes of the Veneto Regions of Italy ....
. To strengthen his position against Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria
Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria

Rudolf IV der Stifter was a member of the Habsburg and Duke of Austria of Archduchy of Austria from 1358 to 1365. Gave order to write the "Privilegium Maius" a fake document to empower the ruler of Austria....
 he confederated with Bernabò Visconti
Bernabo Visconti

File:Visconti, Barnab?.jpgBernab? Visconti was an Italian soldier and statesman, who was Lord of Milan.He was born in Milan, the son of Stefano Visconti and Valentina Doria....
. Stephen finally renounced Tyrol to the Habsburg
Habsburg

The House of Habsburg was an important royal house of Europe and is best known as supplying all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1452 and 1740, as well as rulers of Spanish Empire and the Austrian Empire....
s with the Peace of Schärding for a huge financial compensation after the death of Margarete Maultasch
Margarete Maultasch

Margarete Maultasch was the last Countess of Tyrol from the Meinhardiner dynasty. Upon her death, the Tyrol became united with the Habsburg patrimony....
 in 1369.

His conflict with his brother Louis VI the Roman on the Bavarian heritage of Meinhard finally caused also the loss of Brandenburg
Margraviate of Brandenburg

The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
 for the Wittelsbach
Wittelsbach

The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a Germany dynasty from Bavaria. Their major principal roles were as List of rulers of Bavaria , Electoral Palatinate , List of rulers of Brandenburg , Counts of Holland, County of Hainaut and Zeeland , List of bishops and archbishops of Cologne , Duchy of J?lich and Berg , Kings of Sweden...
 dynasty since Louis then made Charles IV his contracted heir. However Stephen accepted his brother Otto
Otto V, Duke of Bavaria

Otto V, Duke of Bavaria , was duke of Bavaria and prince-elector of Brandenburg. Otto was the fourth son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor with his second wife Margaret of Holland, countess of Count of Hainaut and Count of Holland....
, the last Wittelsbach regent of Brandenburg, as his nominal co-regent when he returned to Bavaria in 1373. For the loss of Brandenburg the Bavarian dukes received a financial compensation one more time. Stephen was succeeded by his three sons.

He is buried in the Frauenkirche
Munich Frauenkirche

The Frauenkirche is the largest church in the Bavarian capital of Munich. Located in the city center at Frauenplatz 1, the Roman Catholic Church cathedral is a major landmark and a popular tourist attraction....
 in Munich
Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....
.

Family and children

He was married two times. First, 27 June 1328 with Elizabetta of Sicily
Elisabeth of Sicily (1310–1349)

Elisabeth of Sicily was a daughter of Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou. Her siblings included: Peter II of Sicily and Manfred of Athens....
, daughter of King Frederick III of Sicily
Frederick III of Sicily

Frederick II or III was the regent and subsequently King of Sicily from 1295 until his death. He was the third son of Peter III of Aragon and served in the War of the Sicilian Vespers on behalf of his father and brothers, Alfonso III of Aragon and James II of Aragon....
 and Eleanor of Anjou
Eleanor of Anjou

Eleanor of Anjou was the Queen consort of Frederick III of Sicily....
. Second, he married 14 February 1359 with Margarete of Nuremberg, daughter of John II of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Henneberg. All his children were from first marriage, including three sons, who finally divided Bavaria among themselves in 1392 and one daughter:
  1. Stephen III of Bavaria-Ingolstadt
    Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria

    Duke Stephen III of Bavaria was a Duke of Bavaria since 1375. He was the eldest son of Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria and Elisabeth of Sicily ....
     (1337–September 26, 1413, Niederschönfeld).
  2. Frederick of Bavaria-Landshut
    Frederick, Duke of Bavaria

    Frederick was Duke of Bavaria from 1375. He was the second son of Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria and Elisabeth of Sicily ....
     (1339–December 4 1393,Budweis).
  3. John II of Bavaria-Munich
    John II, Duke of Bavaria

    Duke John II of Bavaria-Munich , , since 1375 Duke of Bavaria-Munich. He was the third son of Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria and Elisabeth of Sicily ....
     (1341–1397).
  4. Agnes (b. 1338), married c. 1356 King James I of Cyprus
    James I of Cyprus

    James I of Cyprus or Jacques I de Lusignan was Kingdom of Cyprus for his infant nephew Peter from 1369. When Peter died in 1382, James became King of Cyprus that year....
    .


Two of Stephen's sons (Stephen III and Frederick) and one grandson (John's son Ernest
Ernest, Duke of Bavaria

Ernest of Bavaria-Munich , , from 1397 Duke of Bavaria-Munich.Ernest was a son of John II, Duke of Bavaria and ruled the duchy of Bavaria-Munich together with his brother William III, Duke of Bavaria....
) were married with daughters of his ally Bernabò Visconti.

In 1447 Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt

Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As of December 31, 2005, Ingolstadt had 121,801 residents, making it the second-largest city in Upper Bavaria, after Munich....
 was united with Bavaria-Landshut
Landshut

Landshut is a city in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany, belonging to both Eastern and Southern Bavaria. Situated on the banks of the Isar, Landshut acts is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free state of Bavaria....
, which was seized by Bavaria-Munich
Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....
 in 1503.

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