State of Vietnam

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State of Vietnam

The State of Vietnam was a state in southern Vietnam

Vietnam

Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
which replaced the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948-1949). The provisional government was a brief transitional administration between colonial Cochinchina

Cochinchina

Cochinchina is a region encompassing the southern third of Vietnam whose principal city is Saigon. It was a French colony from 1864 to 1948. The later state of South Vietnam was created in 1954 by combining Cochinchina with southern Annam ....
and an independent state.

The last monarch of the Nguy?n Dynasty

Nguy?n Dynasty

The Nguy?n Dynasty was the last List of Vietnamese dynasties. Their rule lasted a total of 143 years. It began in 1802 when Emperor Gia Long ascended the throne after defeating the T?y Son Dynasty and ended in 1945 when B?o ??i abdication the throne and transferred power to the North Vietnam....
and former Emperor of Vietnam, B?o Ð?i

Bao Dai

B?o ??i was the 13th and last ruler of the Nguyen dynasty. He served as Emperor of Vietnam from 1926 until 1945 and as head of state of the State of Vietnam from 1949 until 1955....
, became the Chief of State (Qu?c Tru?ng) with cumulative title of prime minister (Th? tu?ng) for short term.

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Encyclopedia

The State of Vietnam was a state in southern Vietnam

Vietnam

Cochinchina

Nguy?n Dynasty

Bao Dai

Ngo Dinh Diem

Ngo Dinh Diem...
, later president of the Republic of Vietnam.

History

Unification of Vietnam (1947-1948)

By February 1947, following the pacification

Pacification

Pacification may refer to:Mass killing of civilians and the suppression of resistance*Pacification operations in German-occupied Poland, the use of German military force to suppress Polish resistance during World War II...
of Tonkin

Tonkin

Tonkin , also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of China's Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, east of northern Laos, and west of the Gulf of Tonkin....
(North Vietnam), the Tonkinese capital, Hanoi

Hanoi

Hanoi , estimated population 3,398,889 , is the Capital of Vietnam. From 1010 until 1802, with a few brief interruptions, it was the political centre of an independent Vietnam....
, and the main traffic axis returned under French control. The derouted Vi?t Minh

Viet Minh

The Vi?t Minh was a national liberation movement which dated its foundation to May 19 1941 in South China. The Vi?t Minh initially formed to seek independence for Vietnam from France and later to oppose the Vietnam during World War II....
partisans were forced to retreat into the jungle and prepared to pursue the war using guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is the Irregular warfare warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile Military tactics to combat a larger and less mobile formal army....
.

In order to reduce Vi?t Minh leader H? Chí Minh

Ho Chi Minh

H? Ch? Minh was a Vietnamese communism revolutionary and statesman who was Prime Minister and President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ....
’s influence over the Vietnamese population, the French authorities in Indochina supported the return to office of the charismatic Emperor of Annam (last ruler of the Nguy?n Dynasty), B?o Ð?i. The latter had been forced to abdicate by the Vi?t Minh back in August 25 1945 after the fall of the short-lived Empire of Vietnam

Empire of Vietnam

The Empire of Vietnam was a short-lived puppet state of Empire of Japan governing the whole of Vietnam between March 11 and August 23, 1945....
, puppet state

Puppet state

The term puppet state describes a nominal sovereignty controlled effectively by a foreign power.. The term refers to a government controlled by the government of another country like a puppeteer controls the strings of a marionette....
of the Empire of Japan

Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan was a Japanese political entity that existed during the period from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until its defeat in World War II in 1945....
.

On June 5 1948, the Halong Bay Agreements (Accords de la baie d’Along) allowed the creation of a unified State of Vietnam replacing the Tonkin (North Vietnam), Annam (Middle Vietnam) and the Republic of Cochinchina (South Vietnam) associated to France within the French Union

French Union

Kingdom of Laos

The Kingdom of Laos was a sovereign state from 1953 until December 1975, when Pathet Lao overthrew the government and created the Lao People's Democratic Republic....
and Kingdom of Cambodia.

Since the Halong Bay Agreements resulted in many aspects — excluding the referendum

Referendum

A referendum , ballot question, or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire Constituency is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal....
— in the enforcement of the March 6 1946 Indochinese Independence Convention signed by Communist

Communist Party of Vietnam

The Communist Party of Vietnam is the currently ruling, as well as the only legal political party in Vietnam. It is a Marxism-Leninism Communist Party supported by the Vietnamese Fatherland Front....
H? Chí Minh’s Democratic Republic of Vietnam and High Commissioner of France in Indochina

High Commissioner

High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.The English term is also used to render various equivalent titles in other languages....
Admiral Thierry d'Argenlieu, representative of Socialist

Sfio

Sfio, or Safe/Fast String/File I/O, is a C I/O Library developed by David Korn and Kiem-Phong Vo AT&T Labs Research, intended as a replacement for the standard C stdio.h....
Felix Gouin

Félix Gouin

F?lix Gouin was a France Socialist politician, member of the SFIO....
’s Provisional French Republic

Provisional Government of the French Republic

The Provisional Government of the French Republic was an provisional government government which governed France from 1944 to 1946. Following the Battle of France in 1940 the state of Vichy France had been established under the rule of Philippe P?tain....
, some regarded the State of Vietnam as a puppet state of the French Fourth Republic

French Fourth Republic

The Fourth Republic was the republicanism government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican Constitution of France. It was in many ways a revival of the French Third Republic, which was in place before World War II, and suffered many of the same problems....
.

French Union
French Union

The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, the "French colonial empire" and to abolish its "indigenous" status....
(1949-1954)

From 1949 to 1954, the State of Vietnam had partial autonomy from France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
as an associated state within the French Union

French Union

The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, the "French colonial empire" and to abolish its "indigenous" status....
.

B?o Ð?i fought with Communist leader H? Chí Minh for legitimacy as the government of the whole of Vietnam through the struggle between the Vietnamese National Army

Vietnamese National Army

The Vietnamese National Army or Vietnam National Army was the State of Vietnam's military force created in 1949 at the instigation of France Jean de Lattre de Tassigny....
and the Vi?t Minh during the First Indochina War

First Indochina War

The First Indochina War was fought in French Indochina from December 19, 1946, until August 1, 1954, between the French Union?s French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by B?o ??i?s Vietnamese National Army against the Vi?t Minh, led by H? Ch? Minh and V? Nguy?n Gi?p....
.

The State of Vietnam found support in the French Fourth Republic and the United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
while H? Chí Minh was backed by the People's Republic of China

People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
, and to a lesser extent by the Soviet Union

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
.

Partition (1954-1955)

After the Geneva Conference

Geneva Conference (1954)

The Geneva Conference was a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam....
of 1954, as well as becoming fully independent with its departure from the French Union, the State of Vietnam became territorially confined to those lands of Vietnam south of the 17th parallel

Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone

The Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone was established as a dividing line between North and South Vietnam as a result of the First Indochina War....
, and as such became commonly known as South Vietnam

South Vietnam

South Vietnam refers to an internationally recognized state which governed Vietnam south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone until 1975. Its capital was Saigon and its origin can be traced to the French colony of Cochinchina, which consisted of the southern third of Vietnam....
.

The massive migration of anti-Communist north Vietnamese, essentially Roman Catholic people, was proceeded during the French-American Operation Passage to Freedom

Operation Passage to Freedom

Operation Passage to Freedom was the term used by the United States Navy to describe its transportation of 310,000 Vietnamese people civilians, soldiers and non-Vietnamese members of the French Army from the communist North Vietnam to South Vietnam ....
in summer 1954.

Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975)

In 1955, the State of Vietnam ceased to exist and was replaced by the Republic of Vietnam whose reformed army pursued the struggle against the Vi?t Minh in the Vietnam War

Vietnam War

The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina Wars, the Vietnam Conflict, or often in Vietnam the American War occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia from 1959 to April 30, 1975....
.

Government

Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948-1949)

On May 27, 1948, Nguy?n Van Xuân

Nguyen Van Xuan

Nguy?n Van Xu?n was Leaders of South Vietnam#President from 1948 to 1949 during the end of France rule in Vietnam....
, then President of the Republic of Cochin China, became President of the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (Th? tu?ng lâm th?i) following the merging of the government of Cochin China and Vietnam in what is sometimes referred as “Pre-Vietnam.”

State of Vietnam (1949-1955)

On June 14, 1949, B?o Ð?i was appointed Chief of State (Quoc Truong) of the State of Vietnam; he was concurrently Prime Minister for a short while (Kiêm nhi?m Th? tu?ng).

From April 30, 1955, until the fall of the State of Vietnam and its replacement by the Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975), Ngô Ðình Di?m, who was Prime Minister and leader of the Front of National Salvation coalition, replaced B?o Ð?i and became Chief of State.

On October 26, 1955, the Republic of Vietnam was established and Ngô Ðình Di?m became the first President of the Republic.

Heads of State (1948–1955)

Military

Vietnamese National Army
Vietnamese National Army

The Vietnamese National Army or Vietnam National Army was the State of Vietnam's military force created in 1949 at the instigation of France Jean de Lattre de Tassigny....
(1949-1955)

Following the signing of the 1949 Elysee Accords

Elysee Accords

The Elysee Accords were an agreement made in 1949 which would give Vietnam greater independence from France. The agreement was intended to increase US-support for France's actions in Indochina as well as to convince ex-emperor Bao Dai that France would give Vietnam greater independence....
in Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, B?o Ð?i was able to create a National Army

Vietnamese National Army

Nguyen Van Hinh

Nguy?n Van Hinh was appointed the Vietnamese National Army Chief of Staff by Emperor B?o ??i. On November 8, 1954, after the First Indochina War he left South Vietnam in exile for France....
.

Economy

Currency

The currency used within the French Union was the French Indochinese piastre

French Indochinese piastre

The piastre was the currency of French Indochina between 1885 and 1952. It was subdivided into 100 cent, each of 5 sapeque....
. Notes were issued and managed by the “Issue Institute of the States of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam” (Institut d’Emission des Etats du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viêt-Nam).

State of Vietnam

History

Unification of Vietnam (1947-1948)

French UnionFrench UnionThe French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, the "French colonial empire" and to abolish its "indigenous" status.... (1949-1954)

Partition (1954-1955)

Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975)

Government

Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948-1949)

State of Vietnam (1949-1955)

Heads of State (1948–1955)

Military

Vietnamese National ArmyVietnamese National ArmyThe Vietnamese National Army or Vietnam National Army was the State of Vietnam's military force created in 1949 at the instigation of France Jean de Lattre de Tassigny.... (1949-1955)

Economy

Currency

See also

French Union
French Union

The French Union was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system, the "French colonial empire" and to abolish its "indigenous" status....
(1949-1954)

Vietnamese National Army
Vietnamese National Army

The Vietnamese National Army or Vietnam National Army was the State of Vietnam's military force created in 1949 at the instigation of France Jean de Lattre de Tassigny....
(1949-1955)