State Secretary (Norway)
Encyclopedia
In Norway
Politics of Norway
Politics in Norway take place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Executive power is exercised by the King's council, the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister of Norway. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Storting, elected...

, a State Secretary is a partisan
Partisan (political)
In politics, a partisan is a committed member of a political party. In multi-party systems, the term is widely understood to carry a negative connotation - referring to those who wholly support their party's policies and are perhaps even reluctant to acknowledge correctness on the part of their...

 political position within the executive branch of government. Contrary to the position Secretary of State
Secretary of State
Secretary of State or State Secretary is a commonly used title for a senior or mid-level post in governments around the world. The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple Secretaries of State in the Government....

 in many other countries, the Norwegian State Secretary does not head his or her Ministry, rather, they are second in rank to a Minister
Minister (government)
A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the cabinet....

. Resembling a de facto vice minister, the State Secretary, however, cannot attend a Council of State
Norwegian Council of State
The Norwegian Council of State consists, according to the constitution of the prime minister and at least seven other ministers, the majority of which must belong to the state church. The current number of ministers is 20.-External links:*...

, and does not act as a temporary Minister in case of illness or other leave of absence.

Modern use

The modern State Secretary institution was established in 1947, following a 78-41 vote in the Norwegian Parliament. The Labour
Norwegian Labour Party
The Labour Party is a social-democratic political party in Norway. It is the senior partner in the current Norwegian government as part of the Red-Green Coalition, and its leader, Jens Stoltenberg, is the current Prime Minister of Norway....

 and Communist
Communist Party of Norway
The Communist Party of Norway is a political party in Norway without parliamentary representation. It was formed in 1923, following a split in the Norwegian Labour Party. The party played an important role in the resistance to German occupation during the Second World War, and experienced a brief...

 parties voted for, whereas the Agrarian
Centre Party (Norway)
The Centre Party is a centrist and agrarian political party in Norway, founded in 1920. The Centre Party's policy is not based on any of the major ideologies of the 19th and 20th century, but has a focus on maintaining decentralised economic development and political decision-making.From its...

 (Centre), Christian Democratic, Liberal, and Conservative
Conservative Party of Norway
The Conservative Party is a Norwegian political party. The current leader is Erna Solberg. The party was since the 1920s consistently the second largest party in Norway, but has been surpassed by the growth of the Progress Party in the late 1990s and 2000s...

 parties voted against. The cabinet at that time was a single-party Labour cabinet led by Einar Gerhardsen
Einar Gerhardsen
was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party of Norway. He was Prime Minister for three periods, 1945–1951, 1955–1963 and 1963–1965. With 17 years in office, he is the longest serving Prime Minister in Norway since the introduction of parliamentarism...

, and one State Secretary was appointed seven of the ministries. State Secretaries in the Office of the Prime Minister
Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister
The Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister is a political and bureaucratic office that assists the Cabinet of Norway and the Prime Minister of Norway in the leadership of the Cabinet and Government. It has since 2005 been led by Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg . Minister and Chief of Staff is Karl...

 followed in 1956, having originally been known as Secretaries to the Prime Minister. When the cabinet Lyng
Cabinet Lyng
Lyng's Cabinet governed Norway between 28 August 1963 and 25 September 1963. It was the first in 28 years not to be led by the Norwegian Labour Party. It was a centre-right coalition government of the Conservative Party, Centre Party, Christian Democratic Party and Liberal Party led by John Lyng...

 (Conservative, Christian Democratic, Centre, Liberal) assumed office in August 1963, they appointed State Secretaries in nearly all ministries, and when the cabinet Korvald (Christian Democratic, Centre, Liberal) assumed office, it became the first cabinet to employ two State Secretaries in one ministry.

In 1968 the Conservative representative Paul Thyness
Paul Thyness
Paul Thyness was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.In 1963, during the short-lived cabinet Lyng, he was appointed State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 1965, and was re-elected on three occasions.He graduated in...

, himself a former State Secretary, had proposed a parliamentary resolution which requested the sitting cabinet
Cabinet Borten
Borten's Cabinet governed Norway between 12 October 1965 and 17 March 1971. The cabinet wes led by Per Borten and consisted of the Conservative Party, the Centre Party, the Liberal Party and the Christian Democratic Party. It had the following composition:...

 to "take the function and status of State Secretary position into closer consideration. A public reporting committee convened in 1970; in 1971 Thyness became a member of this committee. In 1972, Thyness and fellow committee member Guttorm Hansen
Guttorm Hansen
Guttorm Hansen was a Norwegian writer and politician for the Labour Party. He started his career as a mechanic, but after 1945 he was a journalist and editor of magazines and newspapers. Via local politics in his native Namsos he was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1961, serving six terms...

 proposed four changes to the Norwegian Constitution in order to cement the State Secretary position in Norwegian law. A Norwegian Official Report
Norwegian Official Report
A Norwegian Official Report is a report published by a panel or committee appointed by the Norwegian government. The Norwegian Parliament may request the government to establish such a committee....

 was also produced; in 1974 (NOU 1974: 18). In 1976 the constitutional change was passed, following a 146-9 parliamentary vote. The only party which opposed the change was the Anders Lange Party
Progress Party (Norway)
The Progress Party is a political party in Norway which identifies as conservative liberal and libertarian. The media has described it as conservative and right-wing populist...

; its four representatives voted together with individuals from other parties. One proposal was scrapped, though; the idea that State Secretaries should meet in parliamentary sessions, allowing for closer scrutiny of the executive branch of government by the legislative branch.

Originally, the position was typically given to external technical experts or young politicians with little or no prior expericence as elected politicians. In 1980, a landmark was made as Helen Bøsterud
Helen Bøsterud
Helen Marie Bøsterud is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. She was the state secretary to the Minister of Social Affairs 1980-1981, and later herself Minister of Justice 1986-1989.-References:...

 became the first State Secretary with prior experience in Parliament. However, this is still not the rule. On the other hand, becoming a Parliament member or even Minister after serving as State Secretary is common. Jan P. Syse
Jan P. Syse
was a lawyer and Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party. He was Prime Minister of Norway from 1989 to 1990. He also served as Minister of Industry from 1983 to 1985...

 (State Secretary 1970–1971) and Kjell Magne Bondevik
Kjell Magne Bondevik
Kjell Magne Bondevik is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician . He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1997 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005, making him Norway's longest serving non-Labour Party Prime Minister since World War II...

 (State Secretary 1972–1973) would serve as Prime Ministers
Prime Minister of Norway
The Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...

, and Thorvald Stoltenberg
Thorvald Stoltenberg
Thorvald Stoltenberg is a former Norwegian politician. His ancestors stem from Northern Germany and emigrated to Norway in the 17th century. He served as Minister of Defense and Minister of Foreign Affairs in two Labour governments.From 1989 to 1990 he was appointed Norwegian Ambassador to the UN...

 (State Secretary 1971–1972 and 1973–1979) and Jonas Gahr Støre
Jonas Gahr Støre
Jonas Gahr Støre is the Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs, having been appointed to Jens Stoltenberg's second cabinet on 17 October 2005. He represents the Norwegian Labour Party.-Personal life:...

 (State Secretary 2000–2001) would serve as Ministers of Foreign Affairs.

Historical use

The title State Secretary was first used in 1814. While Norway was still a part of Denmark, in March 1814, Crown Prince Christian Frederick
Christian VIII of Denmark
Christian VIII , was king of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, king of Norway in 1814. He was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway and Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, born in 1786 at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen...

 created a Government Council (Regjeringsråd), with a regular secretary
Secretary
A secretary, or administrative assistant, is a person whose work consists of supporting management, including executives, using a variety of project management, communication & organizational skills. These functions may be entirely carried out to assist one other employee or may be for the benefit...

 who was titled Secretary to the Government (Regjeringssekretær). According to the Norwegian Constitution of May 1814, the name of the Government Council was changed to Council of State, the secretary position being renamed to the State Secretary at the same time. The name remained until 1925, when it was changed to Secretary to the Council of State (Statsrådsekretær). Following restructuring in 1969 and 1987, the position were transformed into a civil servant position in the Office of the Prime Minister
Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister
The Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister is a political and bureaucratic office that assists the Cabinet of Norway and the Prime Minister of Norway in the leadership of the Cabinet and Government. It has since 2005 been led by Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg . Minister and Chief of Staff is Karl...

, and is today known as Secretary to the Government (Regjeringsråd).

List of current State Secretaries

This is a list of the State Secretaries in the second cabinet Stoltenberg
Second cabinet Stoltenberg
Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet is the current government of Norway. Appointed on 17 October 2005, it is a coalition between the Labour Party, the Socialist Left Party and the Centre Party, known as the Red–Green Coalition. The cabinet has ten members from the Labour Party, five from the Socialist...

, which currently governs Norway. Unless otherwise noted, the terms started on 17 October 2005.
Ministry State Secretary Period Party
Office of the Prime Minister Svein Fjellheim
Svein Fjellheim
Svein Fjellheim is a Norwegian trade unionist and politician for the Labour Party.He was educated as a sausage maker in 1965. From 1981 he worked as a trade union secretary in Stavanger, and from 1995 in Rogaland county. He was a member of the national board of the Norwegian Union of Food,...

Labour
Norwegian Labour Party
The Labour Party is a social-democratic political party in Norway. It is the senior partner in the current Norwegian government as part of the Red-Green Coalition, and its leader, Jens Stoltenberg, is the current Prime Minister of Norway....

Torbjørn Giæver Eriksen
Torbjørn Giæver Eriksen
Torbjørn Giæver Eriksen is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.He graduated with the cand.mag. degree in political science from the University of Oslo in 1995, and started his political career as a secretary for the Labour Party in Oslo. He remained here from 1996 to 1998, and was then a...

Labour
Rita Skjærvik
Rita Skjærvik
Rita Skjærvik is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.She started her political career in the Workers' Youth League, as deputy leader of that organization in Sør-Trøndelag, from 1993 to 1995. In 1995 she was elected to Rissa municipal council...

Labour
Kjersti Markusson
Kjersti Markusson
Kjersti Markusson is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.She has spent most of her professional career in the school system, and has been active in the trade union Union of Education Norway. She was first elected to Evenes municipal council in 1991, and has been re-elected several...

22 October 2007 – Socialist Left
Socialist Left Party (Norway)
The Socialist Left Party or SV, is a Norwegian left-wing political party. At one point one of the smallest parties in Parliament, it became the fourth-largest political party in Norway for the first time in the 2001 parliamentary election, and has been so ever since...

Hilde Singsaas
Hilde Singsaas
Hilde Singsaas is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.During the cabinet Jagland, she was appointed political advisor in the Ministry of Children and Family Affairs. During the first cabinet Stoltenberg, she was again appointed political advisor, this time in the Office of the Prime Minister...

1 December 2006 –
(acting since 17 March)
Labour
Karl Eirik Schjøtt-Pedersen
Karl Eirik Schjøtt-Pedersen
Karl Eirik Schjøtt-Pedersen is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party, and was a parliamentary representative for Finnmark from 1985 to 2009. He served as Minister of Fisheries from 1996 to 1997 and Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2001 in the first cabinet Stoltenberg...

1 December 2006 – Labour
Per J. Jordal
Per J. Jordal
Per J. Jordal is a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Centre Party.He graduated from the University of Bergen as cand.jur. in 1993...

3 March 2008 – Centre
Centre Party (Norway)
The Centre Party is a centrist and agrarian political party in Norway, founded in 1920. The Centre Party's policy is not based on any of the major ideologies of the 19th and 20th century, but has a focus on maintaining decentralised economic development and political decision-making.From its...

Jan-Erik Larsen
Jan-Erik Larsen
Jan-Erik Larsen is a Norwegian editor and politician for the Labour Party, and currently State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister....

15 September 2008 – Labour
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Raymond Johansen
Raymond Johansen
Raymond Johansen is a Norwegian politician and party secretary of the Labour Party, following the footsteps of his uncle, Thorbjørn Berntsen, who is one of the veterans of the Norwegian Labour Party....

28 October 2005 – Labour
Elisabeth Walaas
Elisabeth Walaas
Elisabeth Walaas is a Norwegian civil servant, diplomat and politician for the Labour Party.She took her examen artium in 1975 in Tønsberg, and the cand.philol. degree in 1983 at the University of Bergen...

21 September 2007 – Labour
Håkon Gulbrandsen
Håkon Gulbrandsen
Håkon Arald Gulbrandsen is a Norwegian diplomat and politician for the Socialist Left Party.Hailing from Halden, he graduated as cand.jur. from the University of Tromsø in 1995. He had chaired the county chapters of Socialist Youth in Østfold and Troms...


(International Development)
16 November 2007– Socialist Left
Ministry of Defence Espen Barth Eide
Espen Barth Eide
Espen Barth Eide is Norway's Minister of Defense. He is a political scientist and a politician for the Labor Party.Eide went to high school at the Oslo Cathedral School, and graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.polit. degree in 1993...

Labour
Ministry of Industry and Trade Rikke Lind
Rikke Lind
Rikke Lind is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.She served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus during the terms 1997–2001...

26 January 2007 – Labour
Øyvind Slåke
Øyvind Slåke
Øyvind Slåke is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. Slåke heads the Norwegian Labour Party's Parliamentary Secretariat....

14 December 2007 – Labour
Ministry of Government Administration
and Reform
Wenche Lyngholm
Wenche Lyngholm
Wenche Lyngholm is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Østfold in 1989, but was not re-elected in 1993....

21 October 2005 – Socialist Left
Ministry of Finance Roger Schjerva
Roger Schjerva
Roger Schjerva is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.Born in Oslo, he graduated as cand.oecon. from the University of Oslo in 2000...

Socialist Left
Geir Axelsen
Geir Axelsen
Geir Axelsen is a Norwegian civil servant and politician for the Norwegian Labour Party.-Early life:Born in Oslo, he has a cand.oecon...

Labour
Roger Sandum
Roger Sandum
Roger Østlie Sandum is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.Born in Rælingen, he has secondary education as a photographer. He was hired in Romerikes Blad in 1992, and later became journalist...

Socialist Left
Ole Morten Geving
Ole Morten Geving
Ole Morten Geving is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.Born in Hølen, he moved to Nord-Trøndelag at a young age and became a member of the Centre Youth there. He presided the Nordic organization of Centrist youth wings from 1999 to 2001. From 1999 to 2003 he was a member of Flatanger...

12 October 2007 – Centre
Henriette Westhrin
Henriette Westhrin
Henriette Westhrin is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Telemark during the terms 1993–1997 and 2001–2005. In total she met during one parliamentary session...

18 October 2007 – Socialist Left
Ministry of Local Government
and Regional Development
Dag-Henrik Sandbakken 21 October 2005 – Centre
Janne Sjelmo Nordås
Janne Sjelmo Nordås
Janne Sjelmo Nordås is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.She served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the terms 2001–2005 and 2005–2009, and was elected to a seat in parliament for the 2009-2013 term...

2 November 2007 – Centre
Ministry of Health and Care Services Rigmor Aasrud
Rigmor Aasrud
Rigmor Aasrud is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.She served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland during the terms 1993–1997, 1997–2001 and 2001–2005. When the second cabinet Stoltenberg assumed office following the 2005 elections, Aasrud was...

21 October 2005 – Labour
Kari Henriksen
Kari Henriksen
Kari Henriksen is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.She was born in Vennesla. She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Vest-Agder during the term 2005–2009 and elected representative for the term 2009–2013...

3 December 2007 – Labour
Dagfinn Sundsbø
Dagfinn Sundsbø
Dagfinn Sundsbø is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus during the terms 1993–1997, 1997–2001, 2001–2005 and 2005–2009...

20 June 2008 – Centre
Ellen Birgitte Pedersen
Ellen Birgitte Pedersen
Ellen Birgitte Pedersen is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.Born in Bergen, she took the cand.med. degree in 1979. She has worked in Øksnes, Bodø and Stokmarknes, as well as a lecturer at the University of Tromsø...

27 June 2008 – Socialist Left
Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs Mette Gundersen
Mette Gundersen
Mette Gundersen is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Vest-Agder during the term 2001–2005...

21 October 2005 – Labour
Wegard Harsvik
Wegard Harsvik
Wegard Harsvik is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland during the term 1989–1993....

3 December 2007 – Labour
Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion Jan-Erik Støstad
Jan-Erik Støstad
Jan-Erik Støstad is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.In 2005, when the second cabinet Stoltenberg took office, Støstad was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion....

21 October 2005 – Labour
Libe S. Rieber-Mohn 21 October 2005 – Labour
Laila Gustavsen
Laila Gustavsen
Laila Gustavsen is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.She served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Buskerud during the terms 2001–2005 and 2005–2009...

21 October 2005 – Labour
Raimo Valle
Raimo Valle
Raimo Valle is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.In 2007, while the second cabinet Stoltenberg held office, he was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion....

26 October 2007 – Labour
Ministry of Transport and Communications Erik Lahnstein
Erik Lahnstein
Erik Lahnstein is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.When the second cabinet Stoltenberg assumed office following the 2005 election, he was appointed political advisor in the Ministry of Transport and Communications...

19 October 2007 –
(acting October – December 2006)
Centre
Hege Solbakken
Hege Solbakken
Hege Solbakken is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.In 2000, while the first cabinet Bondevik held office, she was appointed political advisor in the Ministry of Fisheries...

3 March 2008 –
(currently: leave of absence)
Centre
Guri Størvold
Guri Størvold
Guri Størvold is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.On the local level, she served as a member of Steinkjer municipal council from 1991 to 1995....

15 September 2008 –
(acting for Solbakken)
Centre
Geir Pollestad
Geir Pollestad
Geir Pollestad is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.Hailing from Bryne, he served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Rogaland during the term 2001–2005. He took his higher education at the University of Bergen, graduating as cand.jur. in 2006...

8 October 2008 – Centre
Ministry of Fisheries Vidar Ulriksen
Vidar Ulriksen
Vidar Ulriksen is a Norwegian fisher and politician for the Labour Party.He was a member of the national board of Norges Fiskarlag from 1986 to 1996, the last eight years as deputy leader...

21 October 2005 – Labour
Ministry of the Environment Heidi Sørensen
Heidi Sørensen
Heidi Sørensen is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 2001, but was not re-elected in 2005. She instead served as a deputy representative, but met on a regular basis as Kristin Halvorsen was appointed to the second cabinet...

18 October 2007 – Socialist Left
Ministry of Agriculture Ola T. Heggem
Ola T. Heggem
Ola T. Heggem is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Møre og Romsdal during the term 2001–2005...

28 October 2005 – Centre
Ministry of Justice and Police Terje Moland Pedersen
Terje Moland Pedersen
Terje Moland Pedersen is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.In 2005, when the second cabinet Stoltenberg took office, he was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police....

21 October 2005 – Labour
Astri Aas-Hansen
Astri Aas-Hansen
Astri Aas-Hansen is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.In 2007, while the second cabinet Stoltenberg held office, she was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police....

9 February 2007 – Labour
Ministry of Children and Equality Kjell Erik Øie
Kjell Erik Øie
Kjell Erik Øie is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.He served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo during the term 2005–2009...

21 October 2005 – Labour
Ministry of Petroleum and Energy Liv Monica Bargem Stubholt 21 September 2007 – Centre
Robin Kåss
Robin Kåss
Robin Martin Kåss is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He has lived most of his life in Porsgrunn, Telemark, Norway....

8 October 2008 – Labour
Ministry of Education and Research Lisbet Rugtvedt
Lisbet Rugtvedt
Lisbet Rugtvedt is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.She served in the position of deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Telemark during the term 1989–1993 and from Oslo during the term 1997–2001...

Socialist Left
Jens Revold
Jens Revold
Jens Revold is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.He graduated as siv.øk. from the Norwegian School of Management in 1975, and cand.polit. from the University of Tromsø in 1980. He has also been a member of Tromsø city council....

18 October 2007 – Socialist Left
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