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Srebrenica
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Srebrenica (Cyrillic: ??????????; ) is a town and municipality in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Republika Srpska entity. Srebrenica is a small mountain town, its main industry being salt mining and a nearby spa. During the Bosnian War, it was the site of the Srebrenica genocide.
On March 24, 2007, Srebrenica's municipal assembly adopted a resolution demanding independence from the Republika Srpska; the Serb members of the assembly did not vote on the resolution.
005 there were about 4,000 Bosniaks in the municipality, about a third of the population.
The borders of the municipality in the 1953 and 1961 census were different.
In 1953 Muslim by Nationality was not an option for the census, so the group called themselves Yugoslav. Yugoslav was not an option in 1948, so they were classified as other.
le class=wikitable> | | Year of census | total | Bosniaks | Serbs | Croats | Yugoslavs | others |
|---|
| 1991 | 5,746 | 3,673 (63.92%) | 1,632 (28.40%) | 34 (0.59%) | 328 (5.70%) | 79 (1.37%) |
re 1992, there was a metal factory in the town, and lead, zinc, and gold mines nearby.
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Encyclopedia
Srebrenica (Cyrillic: ??????????; ) is a town and municipality in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Republika Srpska entity. Srebrenica is a small mountain town, its main industry being salt mining and a nearby spa. During the Bosnian War, it was the site of the Srebrenica genocide.
On March 24, 2007, Srebrenica's municipal assembly adopted a resolution demanding independence from the Republika Srpska; the Serb members of the assembly did not vote on the resolution.
Demographics
In 2005 there were about 4,000 Bosniaks in the municipality, about a third of the population.
| Year of census | total | Muslims | Serbs | Croats | Yugoslavs | others |
|---|
| 1991 | 36,666 | 27,572 (75.19%) | 8,315 (22.67%) | 38 (0.10%) | 380 (1.03%) | 361 (0.98%) | | 1981 | 36,292 | 24,930 (68.69%) | 10,294 (28.36%) | 80 (0.22%) | 602 (1.65%) | 386 (1.06%) | | 1971 | 33,357 | 20,968 (62.85%) | 11,918 (35.72%) | 109 (0.32%) | 121 (0.36%) | 241 (0.72%) | | 1961 | 29,283 | 14,565 (49.74%) | 12,540 (42.82%) | 71 (0.24%) | 1,967 (6.71%) | | | 1953 | 46,647 | | 23,545 (50.47%) | 106 (0.45%) | 22,791 (48.86%) | | | 1948 | 39,954 | | 20,195 (50.55%) | 52 (0.13%) | | 19,671 (49.23%) | | 1931 | 35,210 | 17,332 (49.2%) | 17766 (50.5%) | 103 (0.29%) | | |
The borders of the municipality in the 1953 and 1961 census were different.
In 1953 Muslim by Nationality was not an option for the census, so the group called themselves Yugoslav. Yugoslav was not an option in 1948, so they were classified as other.
The town of Srebrenica
Economy
Before 1992, there was a metal factory in the town, and lead, zinc, and gold mines nearby. The town's name (Srebrenica) means "silver mine," the same meaning of its old Latin name Argentaria.
Local communities
The municipality (??????? or opština) is further subdivided into the following local communities (?????? ????????? or mjesne zajednice):
- Brežani
- Crvica
- Gostilj
- Kostolomci
- Krnici
- Luka
- Orahovica
- Osatica
- Podravanje
- Potocari
- Radoševici
- Ratkovici
- Sase
- Skelani
- Skenderovici
- Srebrenica
- Suceska
- Toplica
- Vijogor
History
The earliest reference to Srebrenica was in 1376, by which time it was already an important centre for trade in the western Balkans, based especially on the silver mines of the region. The existence of ore was already known at the time of the Roman Empire, and the settlement Domavia was near a mine. By the time of the first reference to Srebrenica, a large number of merchants of the Republic of Ragusa were established there, and they controlled the domestic silver trade and the export by sea, almost entirely via the port of Ragusa (Dubrovnik). During the 14th century, many German miners moved into the area.
In the middle of the 1420s, Serbs and the army of King Tvrtko II of Bosnia fought to gain control of the town, which was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1440. The Franciscan monastery was converted into a mosque, but the large number of Catholics, Ragusa and Saxon, caused the transformation of the town to Islam to be slower than in most of the other towns in the area.
With the town in the Ottoman Empire and less influenced by the Republic of Ragusa, the economic importance of Srebrenica went into decline, as did the proportion of Catholics in the population.
Srebrenica genocide
During the War in Bosnia (1992–1995), the Srebrenica region saw heavy fighting. Hundreds of victims fell in the first years of the war, also among the civilian population. The town at the centre of the municipality became a Bosnian Muslim/Bosniak enclave surrounded by Serbs. In April 1993, the United Nations declared Srebrenica a UN safe area, guarded by a small unit operating under the mandate of United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR). The town was captured by the Army of Republika Srpska in July 1995, as it remained, along with Žepa and Goražde, the two remaining pockets of Muslim troops in Eastern Bosnia. Following the town's capture, approximately eight thousand (8 372) Bosniak men of fighting age were massacred by Serbian forces. All women, and men below 16 years of age and above 55, were sent by Serbian forces by bus to Tuzla. The remaining men were massacred. To this day, the Srebrenica Genocide remains one of the most brutal and shameful chapters in post-WWII European history, and the criminals responsible for it are currently being prosecuted.
The Srebrenica genocide is referred to as a genocide by the judgments of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Court of Justice. The decision of the ICTY was followed by an admission to and an apology for the massacre by the Republika Srpska government.
Gallery
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