In
electricity distributionFile:Electricity grid simple- North America.svg|thumb|380px|right|Simplified diagram of AC electricity distribution from generation stations to consumersrect 2 243 235 438 Power stationrect 276 317 412 556 Transformer...
networks,
spot network substations are used in interconnected distribution networks. They have the secondary network (also called a grid network) with all supply
transformerA transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, and thus a varying magnetic field...
s bussed together on the secondary side at one location. Spot networks are considered the most reliable and most flexible arrangement of connecting power to all types of loads. Switching can be done without interrupting the power to the loads.
Electricity distribution networks are typically of two types, radial or interconnected.
Discussion
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In
electricity distributionFile:Electricity grid simple- North America.svg|thumb|380px|right|Simplified diagram of AC electricity distribution from generation stations to consumersrect 2 243 235 438 Power stationrect 276 317 412 556 Transformer...
networks,
spot network substations are used in interconnected distribution networks. They have the secondary network (also called a grid network) with all supply
transformerA transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, and thus a varying magnetic field...
s bussed together on the secondary side at one location. Spot networks are considered the most reliable and most flexible arrangement of connecting power to all types of loads. Switching can be done without interrupting the power to the loads.
Description
Electricity distribution networks are typically of two types, radial or interconnected. A radial network leaves the station and passes through the network area with no connection to any other supply. This is typical of long rural lines with isolated load areas. In general, the radial distribution network has more power failures than the interconnected distribution networks.
Urban [Spot] network substations can be used to make the interconnected distribution networks to serve a single campus or facility. Examples of such single campuses and facilities include airports, hospitals, major data processing centers (especially those using
uninterruptible power supplyAn Uninterruptible power supply , also known as a battery backup, provides emergency power and, depending on the topology, line regulation as well to connected equipment by supplying power from a separate source when utility power is not available...
), and sports arenas that regularly broadcast nationally televised events.
EPRI lists urban network supply systems has having Momentary and Long-duration Interruptions on 50 year intervals .
In large cities, many electric utility companies use grid feeders to make interconnected distribution networks to serve the downtown core. The interconnected network has multiple connections to the points of supply.
Reverse current relays are used to detect any open circuits that are letting the electrical current flow back towards its source.
Examples
A local spot network of 2 to 8 primary transformers can be connected to the same secondary buss to provide reliable power to a particular facility, like a large hospital or computer and major data processing center.
St. Jude Children's Research HospitalSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital, founded in 1962, is a leading pediatric treatment and research facility focused on children's catastrophic diseases. It is located in Memphis, Tennessee. It is a nonprofit medical corporation chartered as a 501 tax-exempt organization under IRS regulations.In...
in
Memphis, TennesseeMemphis is a city in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. Memphis rises above the Mississippi River on the 4
th Chickasaw Bluff just south of the mouth of the Wolf River....
has 8 primary transformers that are connected to the same secondary bus. The
FedExForumFedExForum is an arena located in downtown Memphis, Tennessee. It is the home of the Memphis Grizzlies of the NBA and the National Collegiate Athletic Association men's basketball program of the University of Memphis , both of whom previously played home games at the Pyramid Arena...
(home of the NBA Grizzlies basketball team) in Memphis has a network of 4 primary transformers connected to the same secondary buss. In some arrangements with 4 transformers, any of the 4 transformers can carry all of its connected loads. The
Toronto Pearson International AirportToronto Pearson International Airport, also known as Lester B. Pearson International Airport or simply Toronto Pearson , is a major international airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is situated northwest of Downtown Toronto in the city of Mississauga, Ontario...
is electrically fed by 4 grid feeders, each capable of carrying the entire 20+ MW load.
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