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Speech disorder

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	Speech disorder
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	Topics Speech disorder Topic Home Speech disorders or speech impediments, as they are also called, are a type of communication disorderCommunication disorder A communication disorder is a disease or condition that partially or totally prevents human communication.... s where 'normal' speechManner of articulation In linguistics , manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs involved in making a sound m... is disrupted. This can mean stutteringStuttering Stuttering, also known as stammering in the United Kingdom, is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrup... , lisps, etc. Someone who is totally unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute. Classification Classifying speech into normal and disordered is more problematic than it first seems. By a strict classification, only 5% to 10% of the population has a completely normal manner of speaking (with respect to all parameters) and healthy voice; all others suffer from one disorder or another. StutteringStuttering Stuttering, also known as stammering in the United Kingdom, is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrup... is quite common. ClutteringCluttering Cluttering is a communicative disorder characterized by speech that is difficult for listeners to understand due to rapid s... , a speech disorder that has similarities to stuttering. DysprosodyDysprosody Dysprosody is a type of speech disorder that occurs following a lesion of the nondominant hemisphere of the brain.... is the rarest neurological speech disorder. It is characterized by alterations in intensity, in the timing of utterance segments, and in rhythm, cadency, and intonation of words. The changes to the duration, the fundamental frequencyFundamental frequency The fundamental tone, often referred to simply as the fundamental, is the lowest frequency in a harmonic series.... , and the intensity of tonic and atonic syllables of the sentences spoken, deprive an individual's particular speech of its characteristics. The cause of dysprosody is usually associated with neurological pathologies such as brain vascular accidents, cranioencephalic traumatisms, and brain tumorBrain tumor A brain tumor is any intracranial tumor created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either found in the bra... s. Difficulty in producing specific speech sounds (most often certain consonant, such as /s/ or /r/) may be considered a speech sound disorderSpeech sound disorder Speech sound disorders are speech disorders in which some speech sounds in a child's native language are either not produc... , and subdivided into articulation disordersSpeech-Language Pathology in School Settings Speech-language pathology is a fast-growing profession that, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, offers about 96,000 jobs... (also called phonetic disorders) and phonemic disordersSpeech sound disorder Speech sound disorders are speech disorders in which some speech sounds in a child's native language are either not produc... . Phonetic disorders are characterized by difficulty learning to physically produce sounds, and are popularly referred to as "speech impediments". (However, this term is archaic. The acceptable, modern term is "speech impairment.") Phonemic disorders are characterized by difficulty in learning the sound distinctions of a language, so that one sound may be used in place of many. However, it is not uncommon for a single person to have a mixed speech sound disorder with both phonemic and phonetic components. There are three different levels of classification when determining the magnitude and type of a speech disorder and the proper treatment or therapy: Sounds the patient can produce A: Phonemic- can be produced easily; used meaningfully and contrastively B: Phonetic- produced only upon request; not used consistently, meaningfully, or contrastively; not used in connected speech Stimulable sounds A: Easily stimulable B: Stimulable after demonstration and probing (i.e. with a tongue depressor) Cannot produce the sound A: Cannot be produced voluntarily B: No production ever observed Causes In many cases the cause is unknown. However, there are various known causes of speech impediments, such as "hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injuryTraumatic brain injury Traumatic brain injury, traumatic injuries to the brain, also called intracranial injury, or simply head injury, occurs whe... , mental retardationMental retardation Summary Mental retardation is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills during childho... , drug abuseDrug abuse Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions, all of them relating either to the misuse or overuse of a psychoactive drug or p... , physical impairments such as Cleft lip and palate, and vocal abuse or misuse." Child abuseChild abuse Child abuse is the physical or psychological maltreatment of a child by an adult, often synonymous with the term child ma... may also be a cause in some cases. Treatment Many of these types of disorders can be treated by speech therapySpeech therapy Speech therapy is the rehabilitative or corrective treatment of physical and/or cognitive deficits/disorders resulting in d... , but others require medical attention by a doctor in phoniatricsPhoniatrics Summary Phoniatrics is the medical research and treatment of organs involved with speech production.... . Other treatments include correction of organic conditions and psychotherapyPsychotherapy Psychotherapy is a range of techniques which use only dialog and communication and which are designed to improve the mental ... . In the United States, school-age children with a speech disorder are often placed in special educationSpecial education Special education describes an educational alternative that focuses on the teaching of students with academic, behavioral, h... programs. More than 700,000 of the students served in the public schools’ special education programs in the 2000-2001 school year were categorized as having a speech or language impairment. This estimate does not include children who have speech/language problems secondary to other conditions such as deafness".Many school districtSchool district School districts are a form of special-purpose district which serves to operate the local public primary and secondary schoo... s provide the students with speech therapy during school hours, although extended day and summer services may be appropriate under certain circumstances. Patients will be treated in teams, depending on the type of disorder they have. A team can include; SLP's, specialists, family doctors, teachers,and parents/family members. Social effects of speech disorders Suffering from a speech disorder can have negative social effects, especially among young children. Those with a speech disorder can be targets of bullying because of their disorder. The bullying can result in decreased self-esteemSelf-esteem In psychology, self-esteem or self-worth includes a person's subjective appraisal of himself or herself as intrinsical... . Famous people with speech impediments Humphrey BogartHumphrey Bogart Humphrey DeForest Bogart was an American actor of legendary fame who retained his legacy after death.... , lispLisp A lisp is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.... Nicholas BrendonNicholas Brendon Nicholas Brendon, is an actor best known for his character Xander Harris in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer... , actor — stutter Isaac Brock (musician)Isaac Brock (musician) Isaac Brock is the lead singer and guitarist for the American indie rock band Modest Mouse, as well as his side-project band... , lead singer of Modest MouseFacts About Modest Mouse Modest Mouse is an American indie rock band.... . — lispLisp A lisp is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.... Win ButlerFacts About Win Butler Win Butler is the Texas-born lead vocalist and songwriter of the Montreal-based indie rock band The Arcade Fire.... , lead singer of Arcade Fire. — lispLisp A lisp is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.... Truman CapoteTruman Capote Truman Garca Capote was an American writer whose non-fiction, stories, novels and plays are recognized literary classics.... , lisp Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC was an English statesman and author, best known as Prime Min... , BritishUnited Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country and sovereign state that lies off the northwest coast... Prime MinisterPrime minister A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system.... — lisp, cluttering, or stutter ClaudiusClaudius Summary Christoph Ludwig Agricola was a German landscape painter.... , Roman EmperorRoman Emperor Overview "Roman Emperor" is the term historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the ... — stutter AlcibiadesAlcibiades Alcibiades Cleiniou Scambonides , also transliterated as Alkibiades, was a prominent Athenian statesman, orator and g... , lispLisp Overview A lisp is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.... Camille DesmoulinsCamille Desmoulins Lucie Simplice Camille Benoist Desmoulins was a French journalist and politician who played an important role in the French ... , journalist in the French RevolutionFrench Revolution The French Revolution was a pivotal period in the history of French, European and Western civilization.... ; stutter Drag-onDrag-On Melvin Jason Smalls , better known as Drag-on, is a Jamaican-American rapper from The Bronx, New York City.... , rapper — stutter Gareth GatesGareth Gates Gareth Paul Gates is an English pop singer who shot to fame in 2002 when he came second in the first series of the televisio... , singer — formerly stutter Roy JenkinsRoy Jenkins Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead OM PC was a British politician.... , BritishGreat Britain Great Britain is an island lying off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe and to the east of Ireland, comprising the ma... politicianPolitician A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the... — rhotacismRhotacism Rhotacism may refer to several phenomena related to the usage of the consonant r .... Stephan JenkinsStephan Jenkins Stephan Douglas Jenkins is best known as the lead singer, songwriter and guitarist for Third Eye Blind.... , singer/songwriter/musician — rhotacism Elton JohnElton John Sir Elton John is a five-time Grammy winning singer/songwriter.... , singer/songwriter, lispLisp A lisp is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.... Scatman JohnScatman John John Paul Larkin,, better known as Scatman John, was a famous stuttering jazz musician who invented a unique fusion o... , scat singerScat singing Scat singing is vocalizing either wordlessly or with nonsense words and syllables as employed by jazz singers who create the... — stutter James Earl JonesJames Earl Jones James Earl Jones is among America's best known African American film and stage actors.... , actor — stutter Jim JonesJim Jones James Warren "Jim" Jones was the American founder of the Peoples Temple cult.... , cult leader — lisp Boris KarloffBoris Karloff Boris Karloff , born William Henry "Bill" Pratt, was an English actor best known for his roles in horror films.... , actor — lisp Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Summary Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., often referred to as RFK Jr. or Bobby Jr., is the third of eleven children born to E... , environmental activist — spasmodic dysphonia Anthony KiedisAnthony Kiedis Anthony Kiedis is the lead singer of the Red Hot Chili Peppers.... , singer — lisp Anybody KillaAnybody Killa Anybody Killa, or 'ABK', is the stage name of James Lowery, a wicked shit artist.... , rapper — lisp Steven LevittSteven Levitt Steven Levitt is an American economist best known for his work on crime, in particular on the link between legalized abortio... , economist and author of FreakonomicsFacts About Freakonomics *Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything* is a book by University of Chicago economist Stev... ; lisp Bob LoveBob Love Robert Butterbean Love is a former professional basketball player who spent the prime of his career with the NBA's Chicago B... , former NBA player — stutter Shane MacGowanShane MacGowan Shane Patrick Lysaght MacGowan is an Irish musician.... , singer — rhotacism Keith and The GirlKeith and The Girl *Keith and The Girl* is a popular comedy podcast that began on 7th March 2005.... , podcaster — unknown Marilyn MonroeMarilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe was an iconic American actress, singer and model.... , actress — stutter Frank MuirFrank Muir Francis Herbert Muir was an English comedy writer, radio and television personality, and raconteur.... , British comedyBritish comedy British Comedy, in film, radio and television, is known for its consistently quirky characters, plots and settings, and has ... writer and personality on radio and television — rhotacism Kele OkerekeKele Okereke Kele Okereke is the vocalist and guitarist for English art rock band Bloc Party.... , lead singer of band Bloc PartyBloc Party Bloc Party is an English art rock/post-punk revival band.... ; rhotacism Mark OwenMark Owen Mark Anthony Patrick Owen was a member of the boy band Take That.... , singer in band Take ThatTake That Take That are an English pop boy band that originated in Manchester in 1990, widely known as the pioneers of the genre in th... . -stutter Rick ParfittRick Parfitt Rick Parfitt is best known for being a singer and the rhythm guitarist in the English rock band Status Quo.... , Status QuoStatus Quo Status Quo are an English rock band with strong boogie line.... rhythm guitarRhythm guitar Rhythm guitar is a guitar that is primarily used to provide rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment for a singer or for other in... ist and singer Diane RehmDiane Rehm Diane Rehm is an American public radio talk show host.... , radioRadio Radio is the wireless transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of light.... talk showTalk show A talk show or chat show is a television or radio program where a group of people come together to discuss various top... host — spasmodic dysphoniaSpasmodic dysphonia Spasmodic dysphonia is a voice disorder characterized by involuntary movements of one or more muscles of the larynx during s... Jonathan RossJonathan Ross (television presenter) Jonathan Stephen Ross OBE is an English television and radio presenter and film critic. ... , BritishGreat Britain Great Britain is an island lying off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe and to the east of Ireland, comprising the ma... television personality — rhotacismRhotacism Rhotacism may refer to several phenomena related to the usage of the consonant r .... David SedarisDavid Sedaris David Sedaris is an American humorous essayist and radio contributor.... , author — lisp during childhood Shannon SharpeShannon Sharpe Shannon Sharpe is a former AFC tight end and wide receiver who played 12 of his 14 seasons with the Denver Broncos in the NF... , NFL color commentatorColor commentator Summary A color commentator, sometimes known as a color analyst, is a member of the broadcasting team for a sporting eve... and ex-pro football player; lispLisp A lisp is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.... , stutter & drawlDrawl A drawl is a perceived feature of some varieties of spoken English, and generally indicates longer vowel sounds and/or dipht... James StewartJames Stewart (actor) Summary James Maitland "Jimmy" Stewart was an iconic, Academy Award-winning American film and stage actor, best known for his homeb... , actor — stutter Joe StrummerJoe Strummer John Graham Mellor better known as Joe Strummer, was the co-founder, lyricist, rhythm guitarist and lead singer of the... , singer — rhotacism Richard Thompson, guitaristGuitarist Summary A guitarist is a musician who plays the guitar. ... and singer-songwriterSinger-songwriter Singer-songwriter is a term which refers to performers who belong to the folk music tradition but, unlike the traditional fo... — stutter Mel TillisMel Tillis Lonnie Melvin Tillis is a country music singer/songwriter, and actor.... , country musicCountry music This article is about the genre of popular music from the United States and Canada.... singer — stutter Barbara WaltersBarbara Walters Barbara Ann Walters is an American media personality who has been a regular fixture on morning television shows, evening new... , television personality — rhotacism and lisp Bruce WillisBruce Willis Bruce Willis is an American actor and singer.... , actor and director — stutter Tiger WoodsTiger Woods Summary Eldrick "Tiger" Woods is an American golfer whose achievements to date rank him among the most successful golfers of all ti... , golfer — stutter Will YoungWill Young William Robert Young is an English singer and actor.... , singer — lisp Ben WallaceBen Wallace Ben Wallace is an American professional basketball player in the NBA with the Chicago Bulls.... , NBA player — stutter RZARZA RZA, born Robert Diggs, July 5, 1969 in Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York, USA) is an American producer, rapper, de f... , Rapper — Stutter Busta RhymesBusta Rhymes Trevor Tahiem Smith, Jr., better known as Busta Rhymes, is an American hip hop musician and actor.... , Rapper — Stutter Dusty Rhodes (wrestler)Dusty Rhodes (wrestler) "The American Dream" Dusty Rhodes is a legendary former American professional wrestler.... , lispLisp A lisp is a speech impediment, historically also known as sigmatism.... Matthew BellamyMatthew Bellamy Matthew James Bellamy is the lead singer, guitarist, and pianist of rock group Muse.... , lead singer of band MuseMuse (band) Muse are an English rock band who blend many different genres of music together - combining classical, modern and even Latin... , rhotacism Kool G RapKool G Rap Kool G Rap is an American hardcore rapper from Queens, New York.... , Rap Artist — Lisp Mike TysonMike Tyson Overview Michael Gerard Tyson is a former American professional boxer and World Heavyweight Champion, and is considered by many to b... , Boxer — Lisp Ron HarperRon Harper Ronald Harper is a former professional basketball player whose career spanned from 1986 to 2001 with four teams in the Natio... , Former NBA Basketball Player — Stutter Tom Klimczyk, comedian — Stutter Language disorders Language disorders are usually considered distinct from speech disorders, even though they are often used synonymously. Speech disorders refer to problems in producing the sounds of speech or with the quality of voice, where language disorders are usually an impairment of either understanding words or being able to use words and does not have to do with speech production See also List of voice disordersList of voice disorders Voice disorders are medical conditions affecting the production of speech.... External links speech.... External links