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Spectrochemical series

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	Spectrochemical series
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	Topics Spectrochemical series Topic Home A spectrochemical series is a list of ligandLigand Overview In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion, or molecule that generally donates one or more of its electrons through a coordinat... s ordered on ligand strength and a list of metal ions based on oxidation number, group and its identity. In crystal field theoryCrystal field theory Overview Crystal field theory is used to describe the electronic structure of transition metal complexes.... , ligands modify the difference in energy between the d orbitals (? - ligand-field splitting parameterLigand field theory Overview Ligand field theory was developed during the 1930s and 1940s as an expansion of the electrostatic crystal field theory, whic... , or crystal-field splitting parameterCrystal field theory Crystal field theory is used to describe the electronic structure of transition metal complexes.... ), what is mainly reflected in differences in color of similar metal-ligand complexes. A partial spectrochemical series listing of ligands from small ? to large ?: I⁻ < Br⁻ < S²⁻ < SCN⁻ < Cl⁻ < NO₃⁻ < N₃⁻ < F⁻ < OH⁻ < C₂O₄²⁻ ˜ H₂O < NCS⁻ < CH₃CN < py < NH₃ < en < bipy < phen (1,10-phenanthrolinePhenanthroline Phenanthroline is a heterocyclic organic compound.... ) < NO₂⁻ < PPh₃ < CN⁻ ˜ CO (for a table, see the ligand pageLigand In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion, or molecule that generally donates one or more of its electrons through a coordinat... ) See Also Nephelauxetic effectNephelauxetic effect The nephelauxetic effect is a term used in the physical chemistry of transition metals....