Specialty (medicine)

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Specialty (medicine)

A specialty in medicine

Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
is a branch of medical science. After completing medical school

Medical school

A medical school is a tertiary educational institution?or part of such an institution?that teaches medicine.In addition to a medical degree program, some medical schools offer programs leading to a Master's Degree, Doctor of Philosophy , or other post-secondary education....
, physician

Physician

Surgeon

In medicine, a surgeon is a person who performs surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such to remove a diseased organ or to repair a tear or breakage....
s usually further their medical education

Medical education

Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical doctor, either the initial training to become a Physician or additional training thereafter ....
in a specific specialty of medicine by completing a multiple year residency

Residency (medicine)

Residency is a stage of graduate Medical education. A resident physician or resident is a person who has received a medical degree and who practices medicine under the supervision of fully licensed physicians, usually in a hospital or clinic....
. Medical practitioners

Physician

A physician, medical practitioner, doctor of medicine, or medical doctor practices medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease and injury....
who engage in a medical specialty are known as medical specialists.

mean annual salary of a medical specialist is $175,011 in the US, and $272,000 for surgeons. However, because of commodity inflation, increasing negligent costs, steep price rise of rental, the annual salary range of a medical specialist varies and is not rising as fast as other professional pay.

ialty training in Australia and New Zealand is overseen by the specialty colleges:

ialty training in Canada is overseen by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

The 'Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada', is a national, private, Non-profit organization established in 1929 by a special Act of Parliament of Canada to oversee the medical education of specialists in Canada....

ialty training in India is overseen by the Medical Council of India

Medical Council of India

The Medical Council of India is a constitutional body in India set up primarily to establish uniform standards of higher qualifications in medicine and to grant recognition of medical qualifications in India and abroad....
which is responsible for recognition of post graduate training and by the National Board of Examinations.

e are three agencies or organizations in the United States which collectively oversee physician board certification of MD and DO (osteopathic) physicians in the 26 approved medical specialties recognized in the United States.

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Encyclopedia

A specialty in medicine

Medicine

Medical school

Physician

Surgeon

Medical education

Residency (medicine)

Physician

Salary

The mean annual salary of a medical specialist is $175,011 in the US, and $272,000 for surgeons. However, because of commodity inflation, increasing negligent costs, steep price rise of rental, the annual salary range of a medical specialist varies and is not rising as fast as other professional pay.

Specialties by country

Australia and New Zealand

Specialty training in Australia and New Zealand is overseen by the specialty colleges:

Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
Royal Australasian College of Surgeons

The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons is the body responsible for training and examining surgeons in New Zealand and Australia. The head office of the College is in Melbourne, Australia....
Royal Australasian College of Physicians
Royal Australasian College of Physicians

The Royal Australasian College of Physicians, or RACP, is the organisation responsible for training, educating, and representing over 9,000 Internist and paediatricians in Australia and New Zealand....

Canada

Specialty training in Canada is overseen by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada

India

Specialty training in India is overseen by the Medical Council of India

Medical Council of India

United States

There are three agencies or organizations in the United States which collectively oversee physician board certification of MD and DO (osteopathic) physicians in the 26 approved medical specialties recognized in the United States. These organizations are the American Board of Medical Specialties

American Board of Medical Specialties

The American Board of Medical Specialties is a Non-profit organization physician-led umbrella organization for 24 of the 26 approved medical specialty boards in the United States....
(ABMS) and the American Medical Association

American Medical Association

The American Medical Association , founded in 1847 and incorporated 1897, is the largest association of physicians and medical students in the United States....
; the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists

American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists

The American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists is a non-profit umbrella organization for 18 medical specialty boards in the United States....
(AOABS) and the American Osteopathic Association

American Osteopathic Association

The American Osteopathic Association is the representative organization for Osteopathic medicine in the United States in the United States. In addition, the AOA certifies osteopathic medical physicians and, through its Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation, educational accreditations osteopathic medical colleges....
; the American Board of Physician Specialties

American Board of Physician Specialties

The American Board of Physician Specialties , the official certifying body for the American Association of Physician Specialists is a non-profit umbrella organization for eleven medical specialty boards that certifies and re-certifies physicians in fourteen medical specialties in the United States and Canada....
(ABPS) and the American Association of Physician Specialists

American Association of Physician Specialists

The American Association of Physician Specialists founded 1950, incorporated 1952 is the third largest association of physicians, Osteopathic medicine in the United States physicians and medical students in the United States and was the first such organization to accept both Medical Doctor and Osteopathic medicine in the United States qualif...
. Each of these agencies and their associated national medical organization functions as its various specialty academies, colleges and societies.

Certifying Board	National Organization	Physician Type
ABMS	AMA	MD and DO
AOA-BOS	AOA	DO Only
ABPS	AAPS	MD and DO

All boards of certification now require that medical practitioners

Physician

Medical specialties

In this table, medical specialties are organized into the following groups:

Surgical specialties - the use of manually operative and instrumental techniques to treat disorders.
Internal medicine
Internal medicine

Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....
- concerns the diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment of diseases in adults, especially of internal organs.
Diagnostic specialties, rather examines disorders etc. than directly attempts to cure.
Neurology
Neurology

Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and...
- focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with neurological disorders.

Specialty	Code	Group	Subspecialties	Description	Salary in US ($)
Anesthesiology	AN/PAN	surgical	Pediatrics, Pain management	the branch of medicine which deals with anesthesia Anesthesia Anesthesia, or anaesthesia , has traditionally meant the condition of having sensation blocked or temporarily taken away. This allows patients to undergo surgery and other procedures without the distress and pain they would otherwise experience.... and anesthetics.	344,691
Orthopedic surgery Orthopedic surgery Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and non-surgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital conditions....	ORS	surgical	hand surgery Hand surgery The field of hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity .... , surgical sports medicine	consists of surgery of the locomotor system.	436,481
Otolaryngology Otolaryngology Otolaryngology is the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders. The full name of the specialty is otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Practitioners are called otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons, or sometimes otorhinolaryngologists ....	ORL or ENT	surgical	Head and neck, facial cosmetic surgery, Neuro-otology, Laryngology	(or otorhinolaryngology or ENT/ear-nose-throat) is concerned with treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders. The term head and neck surgery defines a closely related specialty which is concerned mainly with the surgical management of cancer Surgical oncology Surgical oncology is the branch of surgery which focuses on the surgical management of malignant neoplasms .Whether surgical oncology constitutes a medical specialty per se is the topic of a heated debate.... of the same anatomical structures.	397,399
Pediatric surgery Pediatric surgery Pediatric surgery or paediatric surgery is a medical specialty of surgery involving the surgery of fetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults....	surgical		treats a wide variety of thoracic Chest The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals sometimes referred to as the thorax.... and abdominal (and sometimes urologic Urology Urology is the surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. Medical professionals specializing in the field of urology are called urologists and are trained to diagnose, treat, and manage patients with urological disorders.... ) diseases of childhood.
Plastic surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical :Category:Surgical specialties concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. While famous for aesthetic surgery, plastic surgery also includes a variety of fields such as craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, burn surgery, microsurgery, and reconstructive surgery....	PS	surgical	Cosmetic surgery, Burn, Microsurgery, Hand surgery, Craniofacial surgery	includes aesthetic surgery (operations that are done for other than medical purposes) as well as reconstructive surgery (operations to restore function and/or appearance after traumatic or operative mutilation).	349,499
Surgical oncology Surgical oncology Surgical oncology is the branch of surgery which focuses on the surgical management of malignant neoplasms .Whether surgical oncology constitutes a medical specialty per se is the topic of a heated debate....	SO	surgical/Oncology specialty		concerned with curative and palliative surgical approaches to cancer Cancer Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cell display uncontrolled growth , invasion , and sometimes metastasis . These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize.... treatment.
Urology Urology Urology is the surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. Medical professionals specializing in the field of urology are called urologists and are trained to diagnose, treat, and manage patients with urological disorders....	U	surgical		Focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the male reproductive system. It is often practiced together with andrology Andrology Andrology is the medicine that deals with male health, particularly relating to the problems of the male reproductive system and urology problems that are unique to men.... ("men's health").	365,999
Vascular surgery Vascular surgery Vascular surgery is a specialty of surgery in which diseases of the vascular system, or artery and veins, are managed by medical therapy, minimally-invasive catheter procedures, and surgical reconstruction....	VS	surgical		surgery of peripheral blood vessels, i.e. those outside of the chest Chest The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals sometimes referred to as the thorax.... (usually operated on by cardiovascular surgeons) and of the central nervous system Central nervous system The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that functions to coordinate the activity of all parts of the bodies of multicellular organisms.... (treated by neurosurgery Neurosurgery Neurosurgery is the surgery discipline focused on treating those central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and spinal column diseases amenable to surgical intervention.... ).	365,882
Transplant surgery	TTS	surgical
Thoracic surgery Thoracic surgery Thoracic surgery is the field of medicine involved in the surgery treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax excluding the heart....	TS	surgical			376,000
General surgery General surgery This page is about the surgical specialty. For the goregrind band, see General Surgery General surgery, despite its name, is a surgical specialty that focuses on abdominal organs, e.g....	GS	surgical	Cosmetic surgery, Trauma surgery, Colorectal surgery	traditionally defined as the specialty of surgery of the skin, endocrine glands, and abdomen (and, sometimes, the mammary glands). In some countries, it is still deemed a prerequisite training prior to progression to training in certain subspecialties, but lately has evolved into its own subspecialty	327,902
Cardiovascular surgery		surgical		the surgical specialty that is concerned with the heart Heart The heart is a muscle organ in all vertebrates responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in annelids, mollusks, and arthropods.... and major blood vessels of the chest.	460,000
Trauma surgery Trauma surgery Trauma surgeons are physicians Doctor of Medicine or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine who have completed residency training in general surgery and fellowship training in trauma or surgical critical care....	TRS	surgical			352,971
Maxillofacial surgery	Maxfacs or OMFS	surgical	Craniofacial surgery, Head and neck, facial cosmetic surgery, Craniomaxillofacial trauma	surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.
Dermatology Dermatology Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and Skin disease, a unique specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. The name of this specialty originated in the form of the words dermologie and, a little later, dermatologia ....	D or DS	other		deals with the skin Skin The skin is the outer covering of the body, also known as the epidermis. It is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial biological tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and organ s.... and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands etc).	316,473
Emergency medicine Emergency medicine Emergency medicine is a speciality of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of acute illnesses and injuries that require immediate medical attention....	EM	surgical/Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		branch of medicine Medicine Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.... that is practiced in a hospital Hospital A hospital is an institution for health care providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment, and often but not always providing for longer-term patient stays.... emergency department, in the field (in a modified form — see EMS), and other locations where initial medical treatment of illness takes place.	255,530
Cardiology Cardiology Cardiology is a subspecialty of internal medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The field includes diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology....		Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		specializes in disorders of the cardiovascular system and its diseases. The field is commonly divided into subdisciplines dealing with congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology.	370,295
Intensive care medicine Intensive care medicine Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill and who usually require intensive monitoring....		Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		or intensive care medicine Intensive care medicine Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill and who usually require intensive monitoring.... - concerned with the therapy of patients with serious and life-threatening disease or injury. Intensive care medicine employs invasive diagnostic techniques and (temporary) replacement of organ functions by technical means. This field is often associated with pulmonology.
Endocrinology Endocrinology Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorder of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones....		Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		concerned with the endocrine system Endocrine system The endocrine system is a system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating metabolism, human development , and tissue and also plays a part in determining Mood .... (i.e. endocrine glands and hormone Hormone Hormones are chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body. Only a small amount of hormone is required to alter cell metabolism.... s) and its diseases, including diabetes and thyroid Thyroid The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. This gland is found in the neck inferior to the thyroid cartilage and at approximately the same level as the cricoid cartilage.... diseases.
Gastroenterology Gastroenterology Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine whereby the digestive system and its disorders are studied. Etymology, the name is a combination of three Ancient Greek words gastros , enteron , and logos ....		Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		concerned with the alimentary tract.	395,162
Clinical laboratory sciences		Diagnostic specialties	Transfusion medicine Transfusion medicine Transfusion medicine is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the Blood transfusion of blood and blood components. The blood bank is the section of the clinical laboratory where medical technologists process and distribute blood products under the supervision of a medical director, often certified in Pathology or Transfusion Medicine... is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood component, including the maintenance of a "blood bank Blood bank A blood bank is a cache or bank of blood or List of human blood components, gathered as a result of blood donation, stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusions.... ". Cellular pathology is concerned with diagnosis using samples from patients taken as tissues and cells using histology Histology Histology is the study of the anatomy of cell and tissue of plants and animals. It is performed by examining a thin slice of tissue under a light microscope or electron microscope.... and cytology Cytology Cytology means "the study of cell s".Cytology is that branch of life science, which deals with the study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry.... . Clinical chemistry is concerned with diagnosis by making biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids and tissues. Hematology Hematology Hematology, American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#Simplification_of_ae_.28.C3.A6.29_and_oe_.28.C5.93.29 haematology, is the branch of biology , pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.... is concerned with diagnosis by looking at changes in the cellular composition of the blood Blood Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells.... and bone marrow Bone marrow Bone marrow is the flexible biological tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.... as well as the coagulation system in the blood. Clinical microbiology is concerned with the in vitro In vitro *In vitro* refers to the technique of performing a given procedure in a controlled environment outside of a living organism. Some may argue that in vitro refers to a process that is created in a "test tube"; however, Robert Kail and John Cavanaugh on page 58 in the 4th edition of Human Development: A Life-Span View cite that in fact th... diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, virus Virus A virus is a Optical microscope#Limitations of light microscopes infectious agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell . Viruses infect all cellular life.... es, fungi Fungus A fungus is a Eukaryote organism that is a member of the Kingdom Fungi . The fungi are a monophyletic group, also called the Eumycota , that is phylogeny distinct from the morphologically similar slime molds and water molds .... , and parasites. Clinical immunology is concerned with disorders of the immune system Immune system An immune system is a collection of biological processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumour cells.... and related body defenses. It also deals with diagnosis of allergy Allergy Allergy is a Disorder of the immune system often also referred to as atopy. Allergic reactions occur to Natural environmental substances known as allergens; these reactions are Acquired disorder, predictable and rapid.... .	the clinical diagnostic services which apply laboratory techniques to diagnosis Diagnosis Diagnosis is the identification of the nature of anything, either by process of elimination or other analytical methods. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with slightly different implementations on the application of logic and experience to determine the cause and effect relationships.... and management of patients. In the United States these services are supervised by a pathologist. The personnel that work in these medical laboratory Medical laboratory A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient.... departments are technically trained staff, each of whom usually hold a medical technology Medical technology Medical technology refers to the diagnosis or therapeutic application of science and technology to improve the management of health conditions. Technologies may encompass any means of identifying the nature of conditions to allow intervention with devices, pharmacology, biology or other methods to increase life span and/or improve the quality... degree, who actually perform the test Medical test A diagnostic test is any kind of medical test performed to aid in the diagnosis or detection of disease. For example:* to diagnosis diseases* to measure the progress or recovery from disease... s, assay Assay An assay is a procedure where a property or concentration of an analyte is measured.In the field of molecular biology assays include: antigen capture assay; bioassay; competitive protein binding assay; immunoassay, microbiological assay, stem cell assay, MTT assay and others.... s, and procedures needed for providing the specific services.	160,300
Hematology Hematology Hematology, American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#Simplification_of_ae_.28.C3.A6.29_and_oe_.28.C5.93.29 haematology, is the branch of biology , pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases....		Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		or haematology (BE) - concerned with the blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Hematology is part of oncology in the US, though the disciplines are separate in the UK.

Hepatology Hepatology Hepatology is the branch of medicine that incorporates study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas as well as management of their disorders....		Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		concerned with the liver Liver The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals; it has a wide range of functions, a few of which are detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.... and biliary tract, and is usually a part of gastroenterology.
Infectious disease Infectious disease An infectious disease is a clinically evident disease resulting from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, Mycosis, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions.... s	ID	Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		concerned with the study, diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by biological agents.	168,000
Nephrology Nephrology Nephrology is a branch of internal medicine and pediatrics dealing with the study of the function and diseases of the kidney....		Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		concerned with diseases of the kidneys.
Proctology Proctology Proctology is a field in medicine, dealing with disorders of the rectum or anus. The word Proctology is derived from the Greek language words Proktos, meaning anus or hindparts, and Logos meaning science or study....	PRO	Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		specializes in treatment of disease in the rectum Rectum The rectum is the final straight portion of the large intestine in some mammals, and the Gastrointestinal tract in others, terminating in the anus.... , anus Anus The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as coprolite ; food material after all the nutrients have b... , and colon Colon (anatomy) The colon is the last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from feces before they are defecation from the body.... .
Pulmonology Pulmonology File:Lungs_open.jpgIn medicine, pulmonology is the specialty that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract. It is called chest medicine and respiratory medicine in some countries and areas....		Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians.... (/intensive care specialty)		chest medicine, respiratory medicine, or lung medicine is concerned with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory system Respiratory system A respiratory system?s function is to allow gas exchange. The space between the alveoli and the capillaries, the anatomy or structure of the exchange system, and the precise physiological uses of the exchanged gases vary depending on the organism.... . In some countries and areas. Pulmonology is generally considered a branch of internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians.... , although it is closely related to intensive care medicine Intensive care medicine Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill and who usually require intensive monitoring.... when dealing with patients requiring mechanical ventilation Mechanical ventilation In medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous respiration .Mechanical ventilation is typically used after an invasive intubation, a procedure wherein an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube is inserted into the airway.... .	265,907
Rheumatology Rheumatology Rheumatology is a sub-specialty in internal medicine and pediatrics, devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatologists mainly deal with clinical problems involving joints, soft tissues and allied conditions of connective tissues....	RHU	Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the joint Joint A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.... s and other organ systems, such as arthritis Arthritis Arthritis is a group of conditions involving damage to the joints of the body. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people older than fifty-five years.... and other rheumatic diseases.
Neurosurgery Neurosurgery Neurosurgery is the surgery discipline focused on treating those central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and spinal column diseases amenable to surgical intervention....	NS	Neurology Neurology Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and... /surgical		Treating central, peripheral nervous system, and spinal column diseases.	530,000
Radiology Radiology Radiology is the branch or speciality of medicine that deals with the study and application of imaging technology like x-ray and radiation to diagnosing and treating disease....	R/DR	Diagnostic specialties	Interventional radiology Interventional radiology Interventional Radiology is a subspecialty of radiology in which minimally invasive procedures are performed using image guidance. Some of these procedures are done for purely diagnostic purposes , while others are done for treatment purposes .... is concerned with using imaging of the human body, usually from CT, ultrasound, or fluoroscopy Fluoroscopy Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique commonly used by physicians to obtain real-time moving images of the internal structures of a patient through the use of a fluoroscope.... , to do biopsies Biopsy A biopsy is a medical test involving the removal of Cell_s or Biological tissues for examination. It is the removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease.... , place certain tubes, and perform intravascular procedures. Nuclear Medicine Nuclear medicine Nuclear medicine is a branch of medicine and medical imaging that uses radioactive isotopes in the diagnosis of disease. Nuclear medicine thus relies on the process of radioactive decay.... uses radioactive Radioactive decay Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and radiation. This decay, or loss of energy, results in an atom of one type, called the parent nuclide transforming to an atom of a different type, called the daughter nuclide.... substances for in vivo In vivo *In vivo* means that which takes place inside an organism. In science, in vivo refers to experimentation done in or on the living tissue of a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead one or a in vitro.... and in vitro In vitro *In vitro* refers to the technique of performing a given procedure in a controlled environment outside of a living organism. Some may argue that in vitro refers to a process that is created in a "test tube"; however, Robert Kail and John Cavanaugh on page 58 in the 4th edition of Human Development: A Life-Span View cite that in fact th... diagnosis using either imaging of the location of radioactive substances placed into a patient, or using in vitro diagnostic tests utilizing radioactive substances.	the use of radiation in medical imaging Medical imaging Medical imaging refers to the techniques and processes used to create s of the human body for clinical purposes or medical science .As a discipline and in its widest sense, it is part of biological imaging and incorporates radiology , radiological sciences, endoscopy, thermography, medical photography and microscopy .... and diagnosis Diagnosis Diagnosis is the identification of the nature of anything, either by process of elimination or other analytical methods. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with slightly different implementations on the application of logic and experience to determine the cause and effect relationships.... . X-rays Radiography Radiography is the use of X-rays to view unseen or hard-to-image objects. The main diagnostic purposes of X-rays are to see inside one's body, most commonly the bones which can be viewed at an optimum resolution .... , etc.	440,004
Obstetrics and gynaecology Obstetrics and gynaecology Obstetrics and Gynaecology are the two surgery specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs, and as such are often combined to form a single medical speciality and postgraduate training program....	OBS GYN	surgical	Reproductive medicine Reproductive medicine Reproductive medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with prevention, diagnosis and management of reproduction problems; goals include improving or maintaining reproductive health and allowing people to have children at a time of their choosing.... fertility medicine (salary may be 700,000 )	the branches of medicine which deals with female reproductive organs, pregnancy, and childbirth.	299,620
Ophthalmology Ophthalmology Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the Eye diseases and Eye surgery of the visual pathways, including the eye, brain, and areas surrounding the eye, such as the lacrimal system and eyelids....	OPH	surgical		branch of medical practice dealing with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways, including the eyes, brain etc.	295,510
Pathology Pathology as a medical specialty are physicians who diagnose and characterize disease in living patients by examining Biopsy or bodily fluid. The vast majority of cancer diagnoses are made or confirmed by a pathologist....	PTH	Diagnostic specialties		the study and diagnosis of disease Disease A disease or medical condition is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and Medical signs.... through examination of molecule Molecule In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electric charge neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds.... s, cells Cell (biology) The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life.... , tissues and organ Organ (anatomy) In biology, an organ is a biological tissue that performs a specific function or group of functions. Usually there is a main tissue and sporadic tissues.... s. The term encompasses both the medical specialty which uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information, as well as the related scientific Science In its broadest sense, science refers to any systematic knowledge or practice. In its more usual restricted sense, science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method, as well as to the organized body of knowledge gained through such research.... study of disease processes.	247,506
Pediatrics Pediatrics Differences between adult and pediatric medicinePediatrics differs from adult medicine in many respects. The obvious body size differences are paralleled by maturational changes....	PD	other	Like internal medicine, there are many pediatric subspecialities for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Most subspecialities of adult medicine have a pediatric equivalent such as pediatric cardiology, pediatric endocrinology Pediatric endocrinology Pediatric endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing with variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, as well as diabetes and other disorders of the endocrine glands.... , pediatric gastroenterology, pediatric hematology, pediatric oncology, pediatric ophthalmology Pediatric ophthalmology Pediatric ophthalmology is a sub-speciality of ophthalmology concerned with eye diseases, visual development, and vision care in children.... , and neonatology Neonatology Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant.... .	deals with the medical care of infant Infant An infant or baby is the term used to refer to the young offspring of humans.... s, child Child A child is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty. The legal definition of "child" generally refers to a minor , otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority.... ren, and adolescents (from newborn to age 16-21, depending on the country).	185,913
Physical medicine and rehabilitation Physical medicine and rehabilitation Physical medicine and rehabilitation , or physiatry, is a branch of medicine which aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities....		Neurology Neurology Neurology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Specifically, it deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease involving the Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and... /other		(or physiatry) is concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or congenital disorder Congenital disorder Congenital disorder involves defects in or damage to a developing fetus. It may be the result of Genetics abnormalities, the intrauterine environment, errors of morphogenesis, or a chromosomal abnormality.... s.
Oncology Oncology Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies tumors . A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The term originates from the Greek onkos , meaning bulk, mass, or tumor and the suffix -logy, meaning "study of"....	ON	other	Radiation oncology - pertains to the use of radiation therapy Radiation therapy Radiation therapy is the medicine use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer oncology to control malignant cell s . Radiotherapy may be used for curative or Adjuvant chemotherapy cancer treatment.... (the medical Medicine Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.... use of ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation consists of subatomic particle radiation or electromagnetic radiation that are energetic enough to detach electrons from atoms or molecules, ionize them.... ) as part of cancer Cancer Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cell display uncontrolled growth , invasion , and sometimes metastasis . These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize.... treatment Oncology Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies tumors . A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. The term originates from the Greek onkos , meaning bulk, mass, or tumor and the suffix -logy, meaning "study of".... to control malignant Malignant Malignant is a medical term used to describe a severe and progressively worsening disease. The term is most familiar as a description of cancer.... cell Cell (biology) The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life.... s (not to be confused with radiology Radiology Radiology is the branch or speciality of medicine that deals with the study and application of imaging technology like x-ray and radiation to diagnosing and treating disease.... ).	devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer Cancer Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cell display uncontrolled growth , invasion , and sometimes metastasis . These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize.... and other malignant diseases, and is often grouped with hematology.	371,218
Geriatrics Geriatrics Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on health care of the elderly. It aims to promote health and to Prevention and treat diseases and disabilities in older adults....	IMG	Internal medicine Internal medicine Internal Medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases. In North America, specialists in internal medicine are commonly called, "Internists." Elsewhere, especially in Commonwealth of Nations nations, such specialists are often called Physicians....		branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis, care, and treatment of function and diseases of the aging patient.	177,392
Intensive care medicine Intensive care medicine Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the provision of life support or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill and who usually require intensive monitoring....		other		branch of medicine concerned with the provision of life support Life support Life support, in the medical field, refers to a set of therapies for preserving a patient's life when essential body systems are not functioning sufficiently to sustain life unaided.... or organ support systems in patients who are critically ill and who usually require intensive monitoring.
Clinical Neurophysiology Clinical neurophysiology Clinical neurophysiology is a medicine speciality that studies the central and peripheral nervous systems through the recording of bioelectrical activity, whether spontaneous or stimulated....		Diagnostic specialty	Electroencephalography Electroencephalography Electroencephalography is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain. In clinical contexts, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a short period of time, usually 20-40 minutes, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.... - EEG is concerned with testing the gross function of the brain. Electromyography Electromyography Electromyography is a technique for evaluating and recording the activation signal of muscles. EMG is performed using an medical instrument called an electromyograph, to produce a record called an electromyogram.... - EMG is concerned with testing the function of muscles and neuromuscular junctions. Evoked potential Evoked potential An evoked potential is an electrical potential recorded from a human or animal following presentation of a stimulus, as distinct from spontaneous potentials as detected by electroencephalograms or electromyograms.... - An EP is concerned with testing the nerve pathways involved in both sensory and motor functions. Nerve conduction study Nerve conduction study A nerve conduction study is a test commonly used to evaluate the function, especially the ability of electrical conduction, of the motor nerve and sensory nerves of the human body.... Polysomnography Polysomnography Polysomnography or PSG is a Parameter test used in the study of sleep and as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine. The test result is called a polysomnogram, also abbreviated PSG.... / Sleep Study	concerned with testing the physiology or function of the central and peripheral aspects of the nervous system. These kinds of tests can be divided into recordings of: (1) spontaneous or continuously running electrical activity, or (2) stimulus evoked responses.
Palliative care Palliative care Palliative care is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of disease symptoms, rather than striving to halt, delay, or reverse progression of the disease itself or provide a cure....	PLM	other		a relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with terminal illness Terminal illness Terminal illness is a medical terminology popularized in the 20th century to describe an active and malignant disease that cannot be cured or adequately treated and that is reasonably expected to result in the death of the patient.... es including cancer Cancer Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cell display uncontrolled growth , invasion , and sometimes metastasis . These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, do not invade or metastasize.... and heart failure.
Psychiatry Psychiatry Psychiatry is a Medicine Specialty devoted to the Treatment of mental disorders, Biomedical research and Prevention of mental disorder. The term was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808....	P	other	Child and adolescent psychiatry focuses on the care of children and adolescents with mental, emotional, and learning problems including ADHD, autism Autism Autism is a Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.... , and family conflicts. Geriatric psychiatry Geriatric psychiatry Geriatric psychiatry, also known as geropsychiatry, psychogeriatrics or psychiatry of old age, is a subspecialty of psychiatry dealing with the study, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders in humans with old age.... focuses on the care of elderly people with mental illnesses including dementia Dementia Dementia is the progressive decline in cognition due to damage or disease in the body beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Although dementia is far more common in the geriatric population, it may occur in any stage of adulthood.... s, post-stroke cognitive changes, and depression. Addiction psychiatry focuses on substance abuse and its treatment. Forensic psychiatry Forensic psychiatry Forensic psychiatry is a sub-specialty of psychiatry. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. Some practitioners of forensic psychiatry have taken extra training in that specific area.... focuses on the interface of psychiatry and law. Sleep medicine Sleep medicine Sleep medicine is a medical subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and sleep disorder. From the middle of the 20th century, research has provided increasing knowledge and answered many questions about sleep-wake functioning.... focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Psychosomatic medicine Hospice and Palliative Medicine Pain medicine	the branch of medicine concerned with the bio-psycho-social study of the etiology Etiology Etiology is the study of Causality. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek , aitiologia, "giving a reason for" .The word is most commonly used in medical and philosophical theories, where it is used to refer to the study of why things occur, or even the reasons behind the way that things act, and is used in philosophy, physics, psy... , diagnosis Diagnosis Diagnosis is the identification of the nature of anything, either by process of elimination or other analytical methods. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines, with slightly different implementations on the application of logic and experience to determine the cause and effect relationships.... , treatment and prevention Prevention Prevention refers to:Prevention Prevention , an album by Scottish people band De Rosa Prevention , a magazine about health in the United States... of cognitive, perceptual, emotional and behavioral disorders. Related non-medical fields include psychotherapy Psychotherapy Psychotherapy* is an intentional interpersonal relationship used by trained psychotherapists to aid a wiktionary:Client in problems of living. It aims to increase the individual's sense of health and reduce their subjective sense of discomfort.... and clinical psychology Clinical psychology Clinical psychology includes the scientific study and application of psychology for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or Mental illness and to promote subjective Mental health and personal development.... .	200,871
Family Medicine Family medicine Family medicine doctors may hold one of the following medical school, either , MBBS, MBChB, etc) or degree. Physicians who specialize in family medicine , however, must complete a three-year family medicine residency in addition to their medical degree, and are eligible for the board certification now required by most hospitals and health pl...		other	Adolescent Medicine Geriatric Medicine Hospice and Palliative Medicine Sleep Medicine Sports Medicine	Family medicine is the medical specialty which provides continuing, comprehensive health care for the individual and family. It is a specialty in breadth that integrates the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences. The scope of family medicine encompasses all ages, both sexes, each organ system and every disease entity.	161,200

Other uses

In the U.S. Army, the term "medical specialist" refers to occupational therapists, physical therapists, dietitians and physician assistants, also known as allied health professionals.

Specialty (medicine)

Salary

Specialties by country

Australia and New Zealand

Canada

India

United States

Medical specialties

Other uses

See also