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A Special Protection Area or SPA is a designation under the European Union directive
European Union directive

A directive is a Legislation of the European Union which requires Member State of the European Union to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result....
 on the Conservation of Wild Birds.

Member States of the European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
 (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats
Habitat (ecology)

A habitat is an ecological or Natural_environment area that is inhabited by a particular animal or plant species. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population....
 of migratory birds
Bird migration

Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat or weather....
 and certain particularly threatened birds. 

Together with special areas of conservation
Special Area of Conservation

A Special Area of Conservation is defined in the European Commission Habitats Directive , also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora....
 or SACs, the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called Natura 2000
Natura 2000

Natura 2000 is an ecological network of protected areas in the territory of the European Union. In May 1992, governments of the European Union adopted legislation designed to protect the most seriously threatened habitats and species across Europe....
. 

Each SPA has an EU code, e.g. the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code UK9009031.

t 21 September 2006, there were 252 classified SPAs and 12 proposed SPAs in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The Conservation (Natural Habitats etc) Regulations 1994 implement the terms of the Directive in Scotland, England and Wales.






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A Special Protection Area or SPA is a designation under the European Union directive
European Union directive

A directive is a Legislation of the European Union which requires Member State of the European Union to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result....
 on the Conservation of Wild Birds.

Member States of the European Union
European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 European Union member state, located primarily in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community....
 (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats
Habitat (ecology)

A habitat is an ecological or Natural_environment area that is inhabited by a particular animal or plant species. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population....
 of migratory birds
Bird migration

Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat or weather....
 and certain particularly threatened birds. 

Together with special areas of conservation
Special Area of Conservation

A Special Area of Conservation is defined in the European Commission Habitats Directive , also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora....
 or SACs, the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called Natura 2000
Natura 2000

Natura 2000 is an ecological network of protected areas in the territory of the European Union. In May 1992, governments of the European Union adopted legislation designed to protect the most seriously threatened habitats and species across Europe....
. 

Each SPA has an EU code, e.g. the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code UK9009031.

SPAs in the United Kingdom

As at 21 September 2006, there were 252 classified SPAs and 12 proposed SPAs in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The Conservation (Natural Habitats etc) Regulations 1994 implement the terms of the Directive in Scotland, England and Wales. In the UK, SPAs may comprise one or more SSSIs (Site of Special Scientific Interest
Site of Special Scientific Interest

A Site of Special Scientific Interest or SSSI is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic building block of site-based nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations in Great Britain are based upon them, including National Nature Res...
) or ASSIs (Areas of Special Scientific Interest), for example Broadland SPA is a conglomeration of 28 SSSIs. In Scotland, some SPAs have been classified without any underpinning designation by SSSI.

See also

  • Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
    Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

    The Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 1979, also known as the Bern Convention , came into force on June 1, 1982....
  • Ramsar Convention
    Ramsar Convention

    File:RAMSAR-logo.gifThe Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands, i.e., to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental Ecology functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational val...
  • Protected areas of the United Kingdom
    Protected areas of the United Kingdom

    Protected areas of the United Kingdom are areas in the United Kingdom which need and /or receive protection because of their environmental, historical or cultural value to the nation....
  • UK sites recognised for their biodiversity conservation importance
  • Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance
    Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance

    Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Interest are sites "of importance for conserving the components of biological diversity in the Mediterranean; contain ecosystems specific to the Mediterranean area or the habitats of endangered species; are of special interest at the scientific, aesthetic, cultural or educational levels"....
  • List of special protection areas in the United Kingdom
    List of special protection areas in the United Kingdom

    See Special Protection Area to understand what this list is referring to.As of August 2004, the list of sites was as follows:...
  • List of conservation topics
    List of conservation topics

    This is a list of conservation topics. It is a list of articles relating to conservation biology and conservation of the natural environment....


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