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Spandau is the fifth and westernmost borough (Bezirk) of Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
, situated at the confluence
Confluence (geography)

Confluence, in geography, describes the meeting of two or more bodies of water. It usually refers to the point where a tributary joins a more major river, called the mainstem , when that major river is also the highest Strahler Stream Order in the drainage basin....
 of the Havel
Havel

The Havel is a river in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Elbe river and 325 km in length....
 and Spree
Spree

The Spree is a river in Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin, Germany and in ?st? nad Labem Region, Czech Republic. It is a left tributary of the Havel river and is approximately in length....
 rivers and along the western bank of the Havel.

le>


history of Spandau begins in the 7th century or 8th century, when the Slav Heveller first settled in the area and later built a fortress there.






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Encyclopedia


Berlin Spandau
Spandau is the fifth and westernmost borough (Bezirk) of Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
, situated at the confluence
Confluence (geography)

Confluence, in geography, describes the meeting of two or more bodies of water. It usually refers to the point where a tributary joins a more major river, called the mainstem , when that major river is also the highest Strahler Stream Order in the drainage basin....
 of the Havel
Havel

The Havel is a river in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Elbe river and 325 km in length....
 and Spree
Spree

The Spree is a river in Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin, Germany and in ?st? nad Labem Region, Czech Republic. It is a left tributary of the Havel river and is approximately in length....
 rivers and along the western bank of the Havel.

Localities

  • Spandau
  • Haselhorst
    Haselhorst

    Haselhorst is a boroughs and localities of Berlin in the borough of Spandau in Berlin. It is located between Siemensstadt and the Old Town of Spandau and is separated from the Hakenfelde locality by the River Havel....
  • Siemensstadt
    Siemensstadt

    The Great Settlement of Siemens City , is a nonprofit residential community in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district of Berlin. It is one of the six Modernist Housing Estates in Berlin recognized in July 2008 by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site....
  • Staaken
    Staaken

    Staaken is a locality at the western rim of Berlin within the Boroughs of Berlin of Spandau. In the west it shares border with the Brandenburg municipalities of Falkensee and Dallgow-D?beritz in the Havelland district....
  • Gatow
    Gatow

    Gatow, a district of south-western Berlin is located west of the Havelsee lake and has forested areas within its boundaries. It is within the borough of Spandau....
  • Kladow
    Kladow

    Kladow is the southernmost district of the Borough of Spandau in Berlin.The district of Kladow is bordered by the District of Gatow to the north, by the Havel to the east and southeast and by the State of Brandenburg to the west and south west....
  • Hakenfelde
  • Falkenhagener Feld
  • Wilhelmstadt


    • History

    The history of Spandau begins in the 7th century or 8th century, when the Slav Heveller first settled in the area and later built a fortress there. It was conquered in 928 by the German
    Germany

    Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
     King Henry I, but returned to Slavic rule after the rebellion of 983.

    In 1156, the Ascanian
    Ascanian

    The House of Ascania was a dynasty of German rulers. It was also known as the House of Anhalt, after Anhalt, its longest possession.The Ascanians are named after Ascania Castle, which is located near and named after Aschersleben....
     Earl Albrecht von Ballenstedt
    Albert I of Brandenburg

    Albert the Bear was the first Margrave of Brandenburg from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142....
     ("Albrecht the Bear") took possession of the region. 1197 marked the first mention as Spandowe in a deed of Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg
    Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg

    Otto II , called The Generous , was the third Margrave of Brandenburg from 1184 until his death....
     - thus forty years earlier than the Cölln
    Cölln

    In the 13th century C?lln was the sister town of Old Berlin , located on the southern Spree Island in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Today the island is located in the historic core of the central Mitte locality of modern Berlin, its northern peak is known as Museum Island, while the part south of the Gertraudenstra?e street is called...
     part of the medieval Berlin. Spandau was given city rights
    German town law

    German town law or German municipal concerns concerns town privileges used by many cities, towns, and villages throughout Central Europe and Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages....
     in 1232.
    Spandaustreet
    During the Ascanian Rule the construction of the Spandau Citadel
    Spandau Citadel

    The Spandau Citadel of Berlin, Germany, is one of the best-preserved Renaissance architecture fortresses of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island created by the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin....
     began, which was completed between 1559 and 1594 by Joachim II of Brandenburg. In 1558 the village of Gatow
    Gatow

    Gatow, a district of south-western Berlin is located west of the Havelsee lake and has forested areas within its boundaries. It is within the borough of Spandau....
     became part of Spandau. During the Thirty Years' War
    Thirty Years' War

    The Thirty Years' War was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in Germany and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe....
     Spandau was surrendered to the Swedes
    Swedish people

    Swedes are people from Sweden or of Swedish decent. Unlike the United States, United Kingdom, and Australian Censuses, Statistics Sweden does not classify the Swedish population by race or ethnicity....
     in 1634.

    In 1806, after the Battle of Jena and Auerstedt, French
    France

    France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
     troops under Napoleon took possession of the city and stayed there until 1807. In 1812, Napoleon returned and the Spandau Citadel was besieged in 1813 by Prussia
    Prussia

    Prussia was, most recently, a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This state had for centuries substantial influence on Germany and European history....
    n and Russia
    Russia

    Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
    n troops.

    From 1849 on the poet and revolutionary Gottfried Kinkel
    Gottfried Kinkel

    Johann Gottfried Kinkel was a Germany poet.He was born at Obercassel near Bonn. Having studied theology at Bonn and Berlin, he established himself at Bonn in 1836 as Privatdozent of theology, became master at the gymnasium there, and was for a short time assistant preacher in Cologne....
     had been an inmate of the Spandau town prison, until he was freed by his friend Carl Schurz
    Carl Schurz

    Carl Schurz was a Germany revolutionary, United States statesman and reformer, and Union Army General officer in the American Civil War. He was also an accomplished journalist, newspaper editor and noted orator, who in 1869 became the first German American elected to the United States Senate....
     in the night of November 6, 1850

    Before World War I
    World War I

    World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
    , Spandau was a seat of large government cannon foundries, factories for making gunpowder
    Gunpowder

    Gunpowder, also called black powder, is an explosive mixture of sulfur, charcoal and potassium nitrate, KNO3 that burns rapidly, producing volumes of hot solids and gases which can be used as a propellant in firearms and as a pyrotechnic composition in fireworks....
     and other munitions of war making it a centre of the arms industry
    Arms industry

    The arms industry is a global industry and business which manufactures and sells weapons and military technology and equipment. Arms producing companies, also referred to as Defence contractor or military industry, produce arms mainly for the armed forces of states....
     in the German Empire
    German Empire

    The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of William I, German Emperor as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became Weimar republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of William II, German Emperor ....
    . It was also a garrison
    Garrison

    Garrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, of more than 50 men, but now often simply using it as a home base....
     town with numerous barracks
    Barracks

    Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a military post. They are typically very plain and all of the buildings in the housing unit are often uniform structures....
    , home of the 5th Guard Infantry Brigade
    5th Guard Infantry Brigade

    The 5th Guard Infantry Brigade was a unit in the German Army prior to and during the First World War. At the outbreak of war, it was part of the 3rd Guard Infantry Division of the Reserve Guard Corps and consisted of the 5th Guard Foot Regiment and 5th Guard Grenadier Regiment....
     and the 5th Guard Foot Regiment
    5th Guard Foot Regiment

    The 5th Guard Foot Regiment was unit in the German Army prior to and during the First World War. Established in 1897, it was part of the 5th Guard Infantry Brigade....
     of the German Army
    German Army (German Empire)

    The German Army was the name given the combined armed forces of the German Empire, also known as the Imperial Army or Imperial German Army. The term "Deutsches Heer" is also used for the modern German Army, the land component of the German Bundeswehr....
    . In 1920, Spandau (whose name had been changed from Spandow in 1878) was incorporated into Greater Berlin
    Greater Berlin Act

    The Greater Berlin Act , in full the Law Regarding the Reconstruction of the New Local Authority of Berlin , was a law passed by the Prussian government in 1920 that greatly expanded the size of the Germany capital of Berlin....
     as a borough.

    After World War II
    World War II

    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
    , it was part of the British
    United Kingdom

    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
     Occupation Zone in West Berlin
    West Berlin

    West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. It consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors established in 1945....
     and the Spandau Prison
    Spandau Prison

    Spandau Prison was a prison situated in the Boroughs of Berlin of Spandau in western Berlin, constructed in 1876 and demolished in 1987 after the death of its last prisoner, Rudolf Hess, to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine....
    , built in 1876, was used to house Nazi
    Nazism

    Nazism, officially National Socialism , refers to the ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Workers? Party under Adolf Hitler, and the policies adopted by the dictatorial government of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945....
     war criminals
    War crime

    War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war"; including but not limited to "murder, the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied territory to slave labor camps", "the murder or ill-treatment of prisoner of war", the killing of hostages, "the wanton destruction of cities, towns and villages, and any devast...
     who were sentenced to imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials
    Nuremberg Trials

    The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials, or tribunals, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after its defeat in World War II....
    . After the death of Rudolf Hess
    Rudolf Hess

    Rudolf Walter Richard Hess was a prominent figure in Nazi Germany, acting as Adolf Hitler's Deputy F?hrer in the Nazi Party. On the eve of war with the Soviet Union, he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom, but instead was arrested....
    , the prison's last inmate, Spandau Prison was completely demolished by the allied powers and later replaced by a shopping mall
    Shopping mall

    File:Nordstrom wing , Pentagon City Mall.jpgA shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings which contain retail units, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit....
    .

    Modern industries include metal working, chemicals and carpet manufacturing.

    Also worthy of note, the popular British New Romantic band, Spandau Ballet
    Spandau Ballet

    Spandau Ballet are a popular United Kingdom band famous in the 1980s. Initially inspired by the New Romantic fashion, they quickly steered in to a mixture of funk, jazz, soul and synthpop, then eventually mellowed into a mainstream pop music act....
     takes its name from Spandau.

    Places of interest

    Spandaurathaus
    * Spandau Citadel
    Spandau Citadel

    The Spandau Citadel of Berlin, Germany, is one of the best-preserved Renaissance architecture fortresses of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island created by the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin....
    , a Renaissance
    Renaissance architecture

    Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, in which there was a conscious revival and development of certain elements of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome thought and material culture....
     fortress built in the 16th century (officially located in Haselhorst
    Haselhorst

    Haselhorst is a boroughs and localities of Berlin in the borough of Spandau in Berlin. It is located between Siemensstadt and the Old Town of Spandau and is separated from the Hakenfelde locality by the River Havel....
    )
    • St. Nikolai, a late Gothic
      Gothic architecture

      Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late Middle Ages. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
       hall church
      Hall church

      A hall church is a church with nave and side aisles of approximately equal height, often united under a single immense roof.In contrast to a traditional basilica, which lets in light through a clerestory in the upper part of the nave, a hall church is lit through windowed side walls typically spanning the full height of the interior....
       of the 14th century, where Elector
      Prince-elector

      The Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of Imperial election the Holy Roman Emperors....
       Joachim II Hector on November 1, 1539 attended a Lutheran
      Lutheranism

      Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century Germans Reformer Martin Luther....
       service for the first time. This date is commonly regarded as the beginning of the Protestant Reformation
      Protestant Reformation

      The Protestant Reformation was a Christian reform movement in Europe. It is thought to have begun in 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses and may be considered to have ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648....
       in the Margraviate of Brandenburg
      Margraviate of Brandenburg

      The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
      . The Baroque
      Baroque architecture

      Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical, theatrical, sculptural fashion, expressing the triumph of absolutist church and state....
       spire was attached in 1744 and refurbished by Karl Friedrich Schinkel
      Karl Friedrich Schinkel

      Karl Friedrich Schinkel was a Germany architect and painter. Schinkel was the most prominent architect of neoclassicism in Prussia.Schinkel was born in Neuruppin in the Margraviate of Brandenburg....
       in 1839.
    (there is also a Nikolaikirche in Berlin-Mitte)
    • Spandau Old Town with medieval Gotisches Haus ("Gothic House") of the 15th century
    • Town hall (Rathaus), finished in 1913


    Notable people

    • Bela B.
      Bela B.

      Dirk Felsenheimer , better known under his stage name Bela B., is a Germany musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for being the drummer and one of the singers in the German band Die ?rzte....
      , musician
      Musician

      A musician is a person who plays or writes music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music:* An instrumentalist plays a musical instrument....
      , born December 14, 1962
    • Robert Hoyzer
      Robert Hoyzer

      Robert Hoyzer is a former football referee who scandalized football in Germany by match fixing in the Bundesliga scandal .Hoyzer, a member of the Fu?ball-Bundesliga Hertha BSC Berlin, was registered by the German Football Association as a referee in 2001, initially only officiating matches in the third-division Regionalliga Nord, where...
      , former football referee
      Referee (football)

      A referee presides over a game of association football. The referee has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" , and the referee's decisions regarding facts connected with play are final, so far as the result of the game is concerned....
      , born August 28, 1979
    • Ivan Rebroff
      Ivan Rebroff

      Ivan Rebroff, born as Hans-Rolf Rippert, , was a Germany singer, allegedly of Russian people, with an extraordinary vocal range of four and a half octaves, ranging from the soprano to impressive bass registers....
      , singer, born July 31, 1931, died February 27, 2008 in Frankfurt
      Frankfurt

      is the largest city in the German States of Germany of Hesse and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Germany, with a 2008 population of 670,000....
    • Erna Sack
      Erna Sack

      Erna Sack , was a Germans coloratura soprano of exceptional talent....
      , soprano
      Soprano

      A soprano is a voice type with a vocal range from approximately to "high A" in choral music, or to "soprano C" or higher in operatic music. In four part chorale style harmony the soprano takes the highest part which usually encompasses the melody....
      , born February 6, 1898, died March 2, 1972 in Mainz
      Mainz

      Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the Germany States of Germany of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was a politically important seat of the Prince-elector of Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman Empire fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine River and formed part of the northernmost frontier of th...


    Twin towns

    • Luton
      Luton

      Luton is a large town in the East of England England, 32 miles north of London. Historically, Luton is within the county of Bedfordshire, and since 1997, the town has been a unitary authority....
      , United Kingdom
      United Kingdom

      The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
       since 1950
    • Siegen
      Siegen

      Siegen is a city in Germany, in the south Westphalian part of the North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate.It is a Gro?e kreisangeh?rige Stadt ....
      , Germany
      Germany

      Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
       since 1952
    • Asničres-sur-Seine
      Asničres-sur-Seine

      Asni?res-sur-Seine is a commune in France in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located . from the Kilometre Zero. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe....
      , France
      France

      France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
       since 1959
    • Ashdod
      Ashdod

      Ashdod , is the List of Israeli cities in Israel, located in the South District of the country, on the Mediterranean Sea Israeli Coastal Plain, with a population of 207,000....
      , Israel
      Israel

      Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
      , since 1968
    • Boca Raton, Florida
      Florida

      Florida is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast....
      , USA since 1980
    • Iznik
      Iznik

      Iznik is a city in Turkey which is known primarily as the site of the First Council of Nicaea and Second Council of Nicaea Councils of Nicaea, the first and seventh Ecumenical councils in the early history of the Christianity church, the Nicene Creed, and as the capital city of the Empire of Nicaea....
      , Turkey
      Turkey

      Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
       since 1987
    • Nauen
      Nauen

      Nauen is a town in the Havelland district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated 38 km west of Berlin , and 26 km northwest of Potsdam.Nauen is well known as the location of a transmission site ....
      , Germany
      Germany

      Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
       since 1988


    External links