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Southern Dobruja
 
 
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Southern Dobruja
Dobruja

Dobruja, or Dobrudja , is a historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast....
 (???? ????????, Yuzhna Dobrudzha in Bulgarian
Bulgarian language

Bulgarian is an Indo-European languages, a member of the Slavic languages linguistic group.Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set it apart from all other Slavic languages except Macedonian language, such as the elimination of grammatical case, the development of a suffixed definite article , the lack of a verb infin...
, Dobrogea de sud or Cadrilater in Romanian
Romanian language

Romanian or Daco-Romanian ; self-designation: limba rom?na, ) is a Romance languages spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova....
, i.e. Quadrilater) is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria
Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
 comprising the administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich
Dobrich

Dobrich is a town in northeastern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Dobrich Province. Dobrich is the eighth most populated town in Bulgaria, being the centre of the historical region of Southern Dobruja, and is located 30 km west of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, not far from resorts such as Albena, Balchik, and Golden Sands....
 and Silistra
Silistra

Silistra is a port city of northeastern Bulgaria, lying on the southern side of the lower Danube at the country's border with Romania. Silistra is the administrative centre of Silistra Province and one of the important cities of the historical region of Southern Dobruja....
. It has an area of 7,565 kmē and a population of 358,000.

he beginning of the modern era, Southern Dobruja had a mixed population of Bulgarians
Bulgarians

The Bulgarians are a South Slavs people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language. Emigration has resulted in Bulgarian minorities or immigrant communities in a number of other countries....
 and Turks
Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern, central and western Eurasia, and who mostly speak languages belonging to the Turkic languages....
 with several smaller minorities, including Gagauz
Gagauz

Gagauz may refer to:* Gagauz people* Gagauz language* Gagauzia...
, Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria

After 1241 , the year of the earliest recorded Tatar invasion of Bulgaria, the Second Bulgarian Empire maintained constant political contacts with the Tatars....
 and Romanians
Romanians

], 26 Nov 2004. Reprinted at , retrieved 18 Dec 2005.External links *...
.






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Southern Dobruja
Dobruja

Dobruja, or Dobrudja , is a historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast....
 (???? ????????, Yuzhna Dobrudzha in Bulgarian
Bulgarian language

Bulgarian is an Indo-European languages, a member of the Slavic languages linguistic group.Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic innovations that set it apart from all other Slavic languages except Macedonian language, such as the elimination of grammatical case, the development of a suffixed definite article , the lack of a verb infin...
, Dobrogea de sud or Cadrilater in Romanian
Romanian language

Romanian or Daco-Romanian ; self-designation: limba rom?na, ) is a Romance languages spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova....
, i.e. Quadrilater) is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria
Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
 comprising the administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich
Dobrich

Dobrich is a town in northeastern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Dobrich Province. Dobrich is the eighth most populated town in Bulgaria, being the centre of the historical region of Southern Dobruja, and is located 30 km west of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, not far from resorts such as Albena, Balchik, and Golden Sands....
 and Silistra
Silistra

Silistra is a port city of northeastern Bulgaria, lying on the southern side of the lower Danube at the country's border with Romania. Silistra is the administrative centre of Silistra Province and one of the important cities of the historical region of Southern Dobruja....
. It has an area of 7,565 kmē and a population of 358,000.

History

Dobrogea Cadrilater
At the beginning of the modern era, Southern Dobruja had a mixed population of Bulgarians
Bulgarians

The Bulgarians are a South Slavs people generally associated with the Republic of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian language. Emigration has resulted in Bulgarian minorities or immigrant communities in a number of other countries....
 and Turks
Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern, central and western Eurasia, and who mostly speak languages belonging to the Turkic languages....
 with several smaller minorities, including Gagauz
Gagauz

Gagauz may refer to:* Gagauz people* Gagauz language* Gagauzia...
, Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria

After 1241 , the year of the earliest recorded Tatar invasion of Bulgaria, the Second Bulgarian Empire maintained constant political contacts with the Tatars....
 and Romanians
Romanians

], 26 Nov 2004. Reprinted at , retrieved 18 Dec 2005.External links *...
. In 1910, of the 282,007 inhabitants of Southern Dobruja, 134,355 (47.6%) were Bulgarians, 106,568 (37.8%) Turks, 12,192 (4.3%) Gypsies, 11,718 (4.1%) Tatars and 6,484 (2.4%) Romanians.

Southern Dobruja was part of the autonomous Bulgarian principality from the time of the liberation of Bulgaria
Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
 from Ottoman
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 rule in 1878 until the Balkan Wars
Balkan Wars

The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912?1913 in the course of which the Balkan League first conquered Ottoman Empire-held Macedonia , Albania and most of Thrace and then fell out over the division of the spoils....
. After the defeat of Bulgaria in the Second Balkan War
Second Balkan War

The Second Balkan War broke out on 16 June 1913 when Kingdom of Bulgaria attacked its erstwhile allies in the First Balkan War , Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Greece, while Kingdom of Montenegro, Kingdom of Romania and the Ottoman Empire intervened later against Bulgaria....
, the region was included in Romania
Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
 under the 1913 Treaty of Bucharest
Treaty of Bucharest, 1913

The Treaty of Bucharest was concluded on August 10, 1913, by the delegates of Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Romania, Kingdom of Serbia, Kingdom of Montenegro, and Kingdom of Greece....
. Romania ruled Southern Dobruja until 1940 settling tens of thousands of Aromanians
Aromanians

Aromanians are a people living throughout the southern Balkans, especially in northern Greece, Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria, and as an emigrant community in Romania ....
 from Macedonia
Macedonia (region)

Macedonia is a geographical and Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century....
 and Northern Greece
Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
, as well as Romanians from Wallachia
Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia is a Historical regions of Romania and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians....
 in the region.

On 7 September 1940 Southern Dobruja was restored to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova
Treaty of Craiova

The Treaty of Craiova was signed on 7 September 1940 between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Romania. Under the terms of this treaty, Romania returned the Southern Dobruja of Dobruja to Bulgaria and agreed to participate in the organization of a Population transfer....
. The treaty was followed by an obligatory population exchange
Population transfer

Population transfer is the movement of a large group of people from one region to another by state policy or international authority, most frequently on the basis of ethnicity or religion....
: about 110,000 Romanians (almost 95% of which settled there after 1913) were forced to leave Southern Dobruja, whereas 77,000 Bulgarians had to leave northern Dobruja. Only a few hundred Romanians and Aromanians are left in the region to this day.

See also

  • Northern Dobruja
    Northern Dobruja

    Northern Dobruja is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, bordered in south by Bulgarian Southern Dobruja....